Adjara (English Wikipedia)

Balci, Bayram (18 June 2014). "Strengths and Constraints of Turkish Policy in the South Caucasus". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2015. Turkish religious influence is notable, not only in Azerbaijan but also in the Muslim regions of Georgia (in the region of Adjara and the border areas of Azerbaijan).

ceeol.com

Hoch & Kopeček 2011, p. 7. Hoch, Tomáš; Kopeček, Vincent (2011). "Transforming Identity of Ajarian Population". ALPPI Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity. V (5): 57–72. ISSN 1803-1757.

census.ge

"census - Demographic and social characteristics". census.ge. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
"census - 2014 General Population Census Results". census.ge. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
"census - Demographic and social characteristics". census.ge. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

civil.ge

"Adjara Celebrates Abashidze's Departure". 6 May 2004.
"Aslan Abashidze, a Man of Feudal Loyalty and Pride". 21 December 2002.
"Saakashvili's Vows Improvements with Drastic Measures". Civil Georgia. 25 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
"Adjarian Police Foiled Protest Rally". Civil Georgia. 19 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
"Georgia Has a New President". Civil Georgia. 25 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
"Moscow Backs Abashidze, Slams "Extremist" Forces in Adjara". Civil Georgia. 21 January 2004. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
Russia Hands Over Batumi Military Base to Georgia. Civil Georgia, Tbilisi. 2007-11-13.

constcourt.ge

"Constitutional Court of Georgia - Brief History". constcourt.ge. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.

core.ac.uk

Nodia, Ghia; Scholtbach, Álvaro Pinto (2006). The Political Landscape of Georgia: Political Parties: Achievements, Challenges and Prospects (PDF). Eburon Uitgeverij B.V. p. 10. ISBN 978-90-5972-113-5.

crisisgroup.org

Saakashvili's Ajara Success: Repeatable Elsewhere in Georgia? (Report). International Crisis Group. 18 August 2004. ICG Europe Briefing 34. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
Saakashvili's Ajara Success: Repeatable Elsewhere in Georgia? (Report). International Crisis Group. 18 August 2004. pp. 6–11. ICG Europe Briefing 34. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

deutscharmenischegesellschaft.de

"Treaty of Kars (Treaty of Friendship between Turkey, the Socialist Soviet Republic of Armenia, the Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic, and the Socialist Soviet Republic of Georgia)" (PDF). 23 October 1921. Retrieved 3 March 2022.

doi.org

Nazaroff, Alexander (1 November 1922). "Russia's Treaty with Turkey". Current History. 17 (2): 276–279. doi:10.1525/curh.1922.17.2.276. ISSN 0011-3530. S2CID 251524942.
George 2009, p. 99. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 99–100. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 249. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 250. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Saparov, Arsène (March 2012). "Why Autonomy? The Making of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region 1918-1925". Europe-Asia Studies. 64 (2): 284. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.642583. JSTOR 41478346. S2CID 154783461.
Rose, John D. (April 1980). "Batum as Domino, 1919–1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia". The International History Review. 2 (2): 266. doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214. JSTOR 40105753.
Rose, John D. (April 1980). "Batum as Domino, 1919–1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia". The International History Review. 2 (2): 286. doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214. JSTOR 40105753.
George 2009, p. 100. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 105. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 121. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 123. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 129. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 137. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 122–123. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 141. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 172–173. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 175. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 176. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 23. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 101–102. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 255. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Köksal, Pınar; Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Gürsoy, Hazar Ege (2019). "Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam". Politics and Religion. 12 (2): 317–345. doi:10.1017/S1755048318000585. ISSN 1755-0483. S2CID 150339133.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 256. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.

dx.doi.org

Nazaroff, Alexander (1 November 1922). "Russia's Treaty with Turkey". Current History. 17 (2): 276–279. doi:10.1525/curh.1922.17.2.276. ISSN 0011-3530. S2CID 251524942.

ethernet.edu.et

ndl.ethernet.edu.et

Toft, Monica Duffy (2003). The Geography of Ethnic Violence: Identity, Interests, and the Indivisibility of Territory (PDF). Princeton University Press. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-691-12383-7.

eurasianet.org

"Georgians Wary of Turkey's Rising Influence in Batumi". Eurasianet. 9 March 2017. While the government does not release figures on the levels of Turkish investment in Ajara, it represents roughly 80-90 percent of the total foreign investment in the region, a former regional government official said, speaking on condition of anonymity.

georgiatoday.ge

"St. Andrew's Day Celebrated in Georgia". Georgia Today. Tbilisi, Georgia. 12 May 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2022.

geostat.ge

"Inbound Tourism Statistics in Georgia (I-Quarter, 2023-year)" (PDF). geostat.ge. Retrieved 16 February 2024.
National Statistics Office of Georgia. Population Census 2014: Population by Regions and Religion Archived 14 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved: 6 May 2016

globaldatalab.org

hdi.globaldatalab.org

"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 3 December 2018.

gobatumi.com

"Selimoba". gobatumi.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
"Machahloba". www.gobatumi.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
"Kolkhoba". gobatumi.com. Retrieved 28 December 2023.

jstor.org

Saparov, Arsène (March 2012). "Why Autonomy? The Making of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region 1918-1925". Europe-Asia Studies. 64 (2): 284. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.642583. JSTOR 41478346. S2CID 154783461.
Rose, John D. (April 1980). "Batum as Domino, 1919–1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia". The International History Review. 2 (2): 266. doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214. JSTOR 40105753.
Rose, John D. (April 1980). "Batum as Domino, 1919–1920: The Defence of India in Transcaucasia". The International History Review. 2 (2): 286. doi:10.1080/07075332.1980.9640214. JSTOR 40105753.
Kaufman 2001, p. 124. Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (1 ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3802-8. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1tm7gbw. OCLC 1160511946.

mashke.org

pop-stat.mashke.org

georgia-religion 2014

matiane.wordpress.com

"Constitution Of Georgia (1921), Article 107". Matiane. 4 September 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

openjournals.ge

hos.openjournals.ge

Varshalomidze, Archil (2019). "South-Western Georgia (Ajara) within the Geostrategic Interests of the Ottoman Empire in the First Quarter of XX Century". Herald of Oriental Studies.

publishing.service.gov.uk

assets.publishing.service.gov.uk

"Islam in Georgia" (Word document). gov.uk. Government of the United Kingdom. Turkey's influence in the region remains strong, in part through funding provided by Ankara for local mosques

reuters.com

"Russia closes last military base in Georgia". Reuters. 13 November 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.

rferl.org

'You Can't Even Speak Georgian In Georgia Anymore': Russian Businesses Roil Black Sea Resort, Radio Free Europe, August 20, 2023 Quote: "At one point, a right-wing party, the Alliance of Patriots, had erected campaign billboards depicting Adjara as "occupied" by Turkey...Now, it is the Russians."

routledge.com

Coene, Frederik (2010). The Caucasus, an introduction (1st ed.). London: Routledge. p. 162. ISBN 9780415666831. Retrieved 5 September 2022.

scienceopen.com

Sanikidze 2018, p. 249. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 250. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 255. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 256. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Nazaroff, Alexander (1 November 1922). "Russia's Treaty with Turkey". Current History. 17 (2): 276–279. doi:10.1525/curh.1922.17.2.276. ISSN 0011-3530. S2CID 251524942.
Saparov, Arsène (March 2012). "Why Autonomy? The Making of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region 1918-1925". Europe-Asia Studies. 64 (2): 284. doi:10.1080/09668136.2011.642583. JSTOR 41478346. S2CID 154783461.
Köksal, Pınar; Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Gürsoy, Hazar Ege (2019). "Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam". Politics and Religion. 12 (2): 317–345. doi:10.1017/S1755048318000585. ISSN 1755-0483. S2CID 150339133.

teebweb.org

"The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity for the Forestry Sector of Adjara Autonomous Republic, Georgia" (PDF). teebweb.org. December 2016. p. 15. Retrieved 16 February 2024.

web.archive.org

"census - Demographic and social characteristics". census.ge. Archived from the original on 15 August 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2021.
"Constitutional Court of Georgia - Brief History". constcourt.ge. Archived from the original on 21 July 2011.
"Russia closes last military base in Georgia". Reuters. 13 November 2007. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
Balci, Bayram (18 June 2014). "Strengths and Constraints of Turkish Policy in the South Caucasus". Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2015. Turkish religious influence is notable, not only in Azerbaijan but also in the Muslim regions of Georgia (in the region of Adjara and the border areas of Azerbaijan).
"CHAIRMAN OF GOVERNMENT". adjara.gov.ge. Archived from the original on 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
"census - 2014 General Population Census Results". census.ge. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
"census - Demographic and social characteristics". census.ge. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2021.
National Statistics Office of Georgia. Population Census 2014: Population by Regions and Religion Archived 14 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved: 6 May 2016

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Nazaroff, Alexander (1 November 1922). "Russia's Treaty with Turkey". Current History. 17 (2): 276–279. doi:10.1525/curh.1922.17.2.276. ISSN 0011-3530. S2CID 251524942.
George 2009, p. 99. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 99–100. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 249. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 250. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Hoch & Kopeček 2011, p. 7. Hoch, Tomáš; Kopeček, Vincent (2011). "Transforming Identity of Ajarian Population". ALPPI Annual of Language & Politics and Politics of Identity. V (5): 57–72. ISSN 1803-1757.
George 2009, p. 100. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 105. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
Kaufman 2001, p. 124. Kaufman, Stuart J. (2001). Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War (1 ed.). Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-3802-8. JSTOR 10.7591/j.ctt1tm7gbw. OCLC 1160511946.
George 2009, p. 121. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 123. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 129. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 137. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 122–123. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 141. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 172–173. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 175. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 176. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, p. 23. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
George 2009, pp. 101–102. George, Julie A. (2009). The Politics of Ethnic Separatism in Russia and Georgia. Palgrave Macmillan. doi:10.1057/9780230102323. ISBN 978-0-230-61359-1. OCLC 320435107.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 255. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.
Köksal, Pınar; Aydıngün, Ayşegül; Gürsoy, Hazar Ege (2019). "Religious Revival and Deprivatization in Post-Soviet Georgia: Reculturation of Orthodox Christianity and Deculturation of Islam". Politics and Religion. 12 (2): 317–345. doi:10.1017/S1755048318000585. ISSN 1755-0483. S2CID 150339133.
Sanikidze 2018, p. 256. Sanikidze, George (2018). "Muslim Communities of Georgia: Old Problems and New Challenges". Islamophobia Studies Journal. 4 (2): 247–265. doi:10.13169/islastudj.4.2.0247. ISSN 2325-8381.