Linder, Douglas O. "Meet the Haymarket Defendants."Archived December 31, 2021, at the Wayback MachineFamous Trials: The Haymarket Riot Trial (State of Illinois v. Albert Spies, et al.). University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. Accessed December 30, 2017.
Linder, Douglas O. "Meet the Haymarket Defendants."Archived December 31, 2021, at the Wayback MachineFamous Trials: The Haymarket Riot Trial (State of Illinois v. Albert Spies, et al.). University of Missouri-Kansas City (UMKC) School of Law. Accessed December 30, 2017.