Afghan Civil War (1992–1996) (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Afghan Civil War (1992–1996)" in English language version.

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36web.archive.org

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24books.google.com

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10hrw.org

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10opensocietyfoundations.org

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3archive.org

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2doi.org

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2amnesty.org

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2loc.gov

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1justice.gov

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1pbs.org

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1archive.today

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1skyreporter.com

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1photius.com

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1stanford.edu

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1npr.org

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1e-ariana.com

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1openedition.org

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1nytimes.com

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1independent.co.uk

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1islamicrepublicofafghanistan.com

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1amazon.com

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1gwu.edu

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1thediplomat.com

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1afghanistanjusticeproject.org

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1youtube.com

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1harpers.org

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1uic.edu

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1thesundaytimes.co.uk

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afghanistanjusticeproject.org

"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001" (PDF). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. p. 63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2020.

amazon.com

'The Rise of the Taliban' (etc.) Archived 27 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Amazon. Retrieved 14 January 2018. N.B.: The relevance of this web page lies in the two 'Editorial Reviews' which suggest that mr. Nojumi is not held in great respect among acknowledged historians.

amnesty.org

Afghanistan: Further Information on Fear for Safety and New Concern: Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings: Civilians in Kabul (Report). Amnesty International. 16 November 1995. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
Women in Afghanistan: A Human Rights Catastrophe (Report). Amnesty International. 17 May 1994. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

archive.org

Nojumi (2002), p. 260. Nojumi, Neamatollah (2002). The Rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan: Mass Mobilization, Civil War, and the Future of the Region. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-29584-4.
Coll (2004), p. 5 and 13. Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin Group, London, New York etc. ISBN 0-141-02080-6.
Coll (2004), p. 14. Coll, Steve (2004). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001. Penguin Group, London, New York etc. ISBN 0-141-02080-6.

archive.today

^{[dead link‍]} Kent, Arthur (9 September 2007). "Warnings About al Qaeda Ignored by the West". SKY Reporter. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

Phil Rees (2 December 2001). "A personal account". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.

books.google.com

Saikal (2004), p. 352. Saikal, Amin (2004). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-478-7.
Clements, Frank (2003). "Civil War". Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia Roots of Modern Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 49. ISBN 9781851094028. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
Marsden, Peter (15 September 1998). The Taliban: War, Religion and the New Order in Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781856495226. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
Tomsen, Peter (2011). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers. PublicAffairs. pp. 405–408. ISBN 978-1-58648-763-8. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
Shaffer, Brenda (2006). The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy. MIT Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-262-19529-4. Retrieved 30 September 2017. Pakistani involvement in creating the movement is seen as central
Hussain, Rizwan (2005). Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan. Ashgate. p. 208. ISBN 978-0-7546-4434-7.
McGrath, Kevin (2011). Confronting Al-Qaeda: New Strategies to Combat Terrorism. Naval Institute Press. p. 138. ISBN 978-1-61251-033-0.
Musharraf, Pervez (2006). In the Line of Fire: A Memoir. Simon and Schuster. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-7432-9843-8.
Maley, William (2009). The Afghanistan Wars: Second Edition. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 288. ISBN 978-1-137-23295-3.
Gutman (2008). Gutman, Roy (2008). How We Missed the Story: Osama Bin Laden, the Taliban, and the Hijacking of Afghanistan. US Institute of Peace Press. ISBN 978-1-60127-024-5.
Shaffer, Brenda (2006). The Limits of Culture: Islam and Foreign Policy. MIT Press. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-262-19529-4. Pakistani involvement in creating the movement is seen as central
Forsythe, David P (2009). Encyclopedia of Human Rights. Vol. 1: Afghanistan-Democracy and the Right to Participate. Oxford University Press. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-19-533402-9. In 1994 the Taliban was created, funded and inspired by Pakistan
Gardner, Hall (2007). American Global Strategy and the 'War on Terrorism'. Ashgate. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-4094-9589-5.
Jones, Owen Bennett (2003). Pakistan: Eye of the Storm. Yale University Press. p. 240. ISBN 978-0-300-10147-8. The ISI's undemocratic tendencies are not restricted to its interference in the electoral process. The organisation also played a major role in creating the Taliban movement.
Randal, Jonathan C. (2012). Osama: The Making of a Terrorist. I.B.Tauris. p. 26. ISBN 978-1-78076-055-1. Pakistan had all but invented the Taliban, the so-called Koranic students
Peimani, Hooman (2003). Falling Terrorism and Rising Conflicts: The Afghan "Contribution" to Polarization and Confrontation in West and South Asia. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-275-97857-0. Pakistan was the main supporter of the Taliban since its military intelligence, the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) formed the group in 1994
Hilali, A. Z. (2005). US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Ashgate. p. 248. ISBN 978-0-7546-4220-6.
Rumer, Boris Z. (2015). Central Asia: A Gathering Storm?. Taylor & Francis. p. 103. ISBN 978-1-317-47521-7.
Pape, Robert A.; Feldman, James K. (2010). Cutting the Fuse: The Explosion of Global Suicide Terrorism and How to Stop It. University of Chicago Press. pp. 140–141. ISBN 978-0-226-64564-3.
Harf, James E.; Lombardi, Mark Owen (2005). The Unfolding Legacy of 9/11. University Press of America. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-7618-3009-2.
Hinnells, John; King, Richard (2007). Religion and Violence in South Asia: Theory and Practice. Routledge. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-134-19219-9.
Boase, Roger (2016). Islam and Global Dialogue: Religious Pluralism and the Pursuit of Peace. Routledge. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-317-11262-4. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence agency used the students from these madrassas, the Taliban, to create a favourable regime in Afghanistan
Saikal (2004), p. 342. Saikal, Amin (2004). Modern Afghanistan: A History of Struggle and Survival. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85771-478-7.
Maley, William (1998). Fundamentalism Reborn?: Afghanistan and the Taliban. New York University Press. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-8147-5586-0.

doi.org

Maley, William (2002), Maley, William (ed.), "The Interregnum of Najibullah, 1989–1992", The Afghanistan Wars, London: Macmillan Education UK, p. 193, doi:10.1007/978-1-4039-1840-6_9, ISBN 978-1-4039-1840-6, retrieved 27 December 2022
Dorronsoro, Gilles (14 October 2007). "Kabul at War (1992–1996) : State, Ethnicity and Social Classes". Gilles Dorronsoro. doi:10.4000/samaj.212. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

e-ariana.com

"Mujahedin Victory Event Falls Flat". Danish Karokhel. 5 April 2003. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014.

gwu.edu

Gandhi, Sajit, ed. (11 September 2003). "The September 11th Sourcebooks, Volume VII: The Taliban File". National Security Archive. George Washington University. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2010.

harpers.org

Aikins, Matthieu (December 2009). "The Master of Spin Boldak: Meet the mobsters who run the show in one of the world's deadliest cities". Harper's Magazine. Vol. December 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2018.

hrw.org

Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (chapter II, Historical background) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (ch. III, Battle for Kabul 1992-93) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
"Afghanistan: The massacre in Mazar-i Sharif. (Chapter II: Background)". Human Rights Watch. November 1998. Archived from the original on 2 November 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (ch. III, Battle for Kabul 1992-93; see under § Violations of International Humanitarian Law) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"Ittihad". Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity. Human Rights Watch. 2005. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity". Human Rights Watch. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.

independent.co.uk

"Afghan Peace Mission". The Independent UK. London. 26 August 1992. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2009.

islamicrepublicofafghanistan.com

"Abdul Rashid Dostum". Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2009.

justice.gov

Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 – February 1997 (PDF) (Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2016.

loc.gov

Country profile: Afghanistan (published August 2008) Archived 11 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine (page 3). Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 February 2018.

lcweb2.loc.gov

"The Struggle for Kabul" Library of Congress Country Studies Archived 9 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine

npr.org

"A Decade Ago, Massoud's Killing Preceded Sept. 11". NPR.org. NPR.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

nytimes.com

"Pakistan Pleads for Cease-Fire in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 27 August 1992. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.

openedition.org

journals.openedition.org

Dorronsoro, Gilles (14 October 2007). "Kabul at War (1992–1996) : State, Ethnicity and Social Classes". Gilles Dorronsoro. doi:10.4000/samaj.212. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2020.

opensocietyfoundations.org

Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 65. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005). Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 71. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 76. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 67. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 77. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 78. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 79. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 105. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.
Afghanistan Justice Project (2005), p. 63. Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978-2001 (PDF) (Report). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005.

pbs.org

Urban, Mark (28 April 1992). "Afghanistan: power struggle". PBS. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.

photius.com

"The Peshawar Accord, April 25, 1992" Archived 4 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Website photius.com. Text from 1997, purportedly sourced on The Library of Congress Country Studies (USA) and CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 22 December 2017.

skyreporter.com

^{[dead link‍]} Kent, Arthur (9 September 2007). "Warnings About al Qaeda Ignored by the West". SKY Reporter. Archived from the original on 2 February 2013.

stanford.edu

web.stanford.edu

'The Taliban' Archived 17 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. Updated 15 July 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2017.

thediplomat.com

Aziz, Omer (8 June 2014). "The ISI's Great Game in Afghanistan". The Diplomat – The Diplomat is a current-affairs magazine for the Asia-Pacific, with news and analysis on politics, security, business, technology and life across the region. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.

thesundaytimes.co.uk

Lamb, Christina (29 June 2003). "President of hell: Hamid Karzai's battle to govern post-war, post-Taliban Afghanistan". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015.

uic.edu

dosfan.lib.uic.edu

"Afghanistan Human Rights Practices, 1995". U.S. Department of State. March 1996. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2009.

web.archive.org

Country profile: Afghanistan (published August 2008) Archived 11 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine (page 3). Library of Congress. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
Afghanistan: Chronology of Events January 1995 – February 1997 (PDF) (Report). Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. February 1997. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (chapter II, Historical background) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
Urban, Mark (28 April 1992). "Afghanistan: power struggle". PBS. Archived from the original on 9 July 2007. Retrieved 27 July 2007.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (ch. III, Battle for Kabul 1992-93) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
"The Peshawar Accord, April 25, 1992" Archived 4 March 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Website photius.com. Text from 1997, purportedly sourced on The Library of Congress Country Studies (USA) and CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
"Afghanistan: The massacre in Mazar-i Sharif. (Chapter II: Background)". Human Rights Watch. November 1998. Archived from the original on 2 November 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (ch. III, Battle for Kabul 1992-93; see under § Violations of International Humanitarian Law) (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
'The Taliban' Archived 17 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine. Mapping Militant Organizations. Stanford University. Updated 15 July 2016. Retrieved 24 September 2017.
Clements, Frank (2003). "Civil War". Conflict in Afghanistan: A Historical Encyclopedia Roots of Modern Conflict. ABC-CLIO. p. 49. ISBN 9781851094028. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
"A Decade Ago, Massoud's Killing Preceded Sept. 11". NPR.org. NPR.org. Archived from the original on 14 February 2022. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
"Mujahedin Victory Event Falls Flat". Danish Karokhel. 5 April 2003. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014.
Dorronsoro, Gilles (14 October 2007). "Kabul at War (1992–1996) : State, Ethnicity and Social Classes". Gilles Dorronsoro. doi:10.4000/samaj.212. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
Sifton, John (6 July 2005). Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity (Report). Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"Ittihad". Blood-Stained Hands: Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity. Human Rights Watch. 2005. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
Phil Rees (2 December 2001). "A personal account". BBC News. Archived from the original on 21 December 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
"Pakistan Pleads for Cease-Fire in Afghanistan". The New York Times. 27 August 1992. Archived from the original on 18 December 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
"Afghan Peace Mission". The Independent UK. London. 26 August 1992. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2009.
Marsden, Peter (15 September 1998). The Taliban: War, Religion and the New Order in Afghanistan. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781856495226. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
"Blood-Stained Hands, Past Atrocities in Kabul and Afghanistan's Legacy of Impunity". Human Rights Watch. 6 July 2005. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Afghanistan: Blood-Stained Hands: III. The Battle for Kabul: April 1992-March 1993". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 21 October 2019.
"Abdul Rashid Dostum". Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Archived from the original on 10 March 2009. Retrieved 18 March 2009.
Tomsen, Peter (2011). The Wars of Afghanistan: Messianic Terrorism, Tribal Conflicts, and the Failures of Great Powers. PublicAffairs. pp. 405–408. ISBN 978-1-58648-763-8. Archived from the original on 7 February 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
'The Rise of the Taliban' (etc.) Archived 27 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Amazon. Retrieved 14 January 2018. N.B.: The relevance of this web page lies in the two 'Editorial Reviews' which suggest that mr. Nojumi is not held in great respect among acknowledged historians.
Gandhi, Sajit, ed. (11 September 2003). "The September 11th Sourcebooks, Volume VII: The Taliban File". National Security Archive. George Washington University. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2010.
Aziz, Omer (8 June 2014). "The ISI's Great Game in Afghanistan". The Diplomat – The Diplomat is a current-affairs magazine for the Asia-Pacific, with news and analysis on politics, security, business, technology and life across the region. Archived from the original on 8 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
"Casting Shadows: War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity: 1978–2001" (PDF). Afghanistan Justice Project. 2005. p. 63. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
Afghanistan: Further Information on Fear for Safety and New Concern: Deliberate and Arbitrary Killings: Civilians in Kabul (Report). Amnesty International. 16 November 1995. Archived from the original on 14 February 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
Video 'Starving to Death', Massoud defending Kabul against the Taliban siege in March 1996. Archived 13 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (With horrifying pictures of civilian war casualties.) By Journeyman Pictures/Journeyman.tv. Retrieved on YouTube, 27 June 2018.
"The Struggle for Kabul" Library of Congress Country Studies Archived 9 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine
Aikins, Matthieu (December 2009). "The Master of Spin Boldak: Meet the mobsters who run the show in one of the world's deadliest cities". Harper's Magazine. Vol. December 2009. Archived from the original on 11 June 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
Women in Afghanistan: A Human Rights Catastrophe (Report). Amnesty International. 17 May 1994. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021. Retrieved 19 August 2016.
"Afghanistan Human Rights Practices, 1995". U.S. Department of State. March 1996. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
Lamb, Christina (29 June 2003). "President of hell: Hamid Karzai's battle to govern post-war, post-Taliban Afghanistan". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015.

youtube.com

Video 'Starving to Death', Massoud defending Kabul against the Taliban siege in March 1996. Archived 13 August 2021 at the Wayback Machine (With horrifying pictures of civilian war casualties.) By Journeyman Pictures/Journeyman.tv. Retrieved on YouTube, 27 June 2018.