African American history (English Wikipedia)

Finkelman, Paul. ed. 2009. Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present (5 vol.). Oxford University Press. ASIN 0195167791.
Williamjames Hull Hoffer, The Caning of Charles Sumner (2010) excerpt and text search
Blain Roberts, Pageants, Parlors, and Pretty Women: Race and Beauty in the Twentieth-Century South (2014), quote p. 96. online review; excerpt
Susannah Walker, Style and Status: Selling Beauty to African American Women, 1920–1975 (2007). excerpt
A'Lelia Bundles, On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker (2002) excerpt
Harvard Sitkoff, A New Deal for Blacks: The Emergence of Civil Rights as a National Issue: The Depression Decade (1978) ch. 3, 4 excerpt and text search.

americanyawp.com

"11. The Cotton Revolution | THE AMERICAN YAWP". 7 June 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-14.

archive.org

Foner, Eric (2010). The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. p. 14. ISBN 978-0195137552.
Bordewich, Fergus M. (2005). Bound for Canaan: The Underground Railroad and the War for the Soul of America. Harper Collins. ISBN 0060524308.
Fremon, David (2000). The Jim Crow Laws and Racism in American History. Enslow. ISBN 0766012972.
Walker, James W (1992). "Chapter Five: Foundation of Sierra Leone". The Black Loyalists: The Search for a Promised Land in Nova Scotia and Sierra Leone, 1783–1870. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 94–114. ISBN 978-0802074027., originally published by Longman & Dalhousie University Press (1976).
Bedini, Silvio A. (1999). The Life of Benjamin Banneker: The First African-American Man of Science (2nd ed.). Maryland Historical Society. ISBN 978-0938420590.
Nash, Gary B. (1988). Forging freedom: the formation of Philadelphia's Black community, 1720‒1840. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. p. 204. ISBN 978-0674309340.
E. Franklin Frazier, Black bourgeoisie: The rise of a new middle class (1957) pp. 53–59. 135–137. Online free to borrow.

archive.today

Fred C. Frey and T. Lynn Smith, "The Influence of the AAA Cotton Program Upon the Tenant, Cropper, and Laborer," Rural Sociology (1936), 1#4, pp. 483–505 at pp. 501, 503 online.

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"Freddie Stowers, Corporal, United States Army". March 2024.
"Freddie Stowers, Corporal, United States Army". March 2024.

battlefields.org

Egner Gruber, Kate (4 January 2021). "Slavery in Colonial America". American Battlefield Trust. Archived from the original on 2021-01-26. Retrieved 2021-11-16.

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Perry, James A. "African Roots of African-American Culture". The Black Collegian Online. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.

blackpast.org

Birzer, D (2007-01-19). "Esteban (?-1539). BlackPast.org". Retrieved 2022-05-17.

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Schneider, Dorothy; Schneider, Carl J. (2007). Slavery in America. Infobase Publishing. p. 554. ISBN 978-1438108131.
William J. Cooper, Jr. and Thomas E. Terrill (2008). The American South: A History. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 363. ISBN 9780742563995.
Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1851095445.
John Murrin, Paul Johnson, James McPherson, Alice Fahs, Gary Gerstle, "Expansion, Immigration, and Regional Differentiation", in Liberty, Equality, Power: A History of the American People, Volume 1: To 1877, Cengage Learning, 2011, p. 108.
Quirk, Joel (2011). The Anti-Slavery Project: From the Slave Trade to Human Trafficking. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 344. ISBN 978-0812243338.
Taylor, Bankole Kamara (February 2014). Sierra Leone: The Land, Its People and History. New Africa Press. p. 68. ISBN 9789987160389.
Albert J. Raboteau,Slave religion: the "invisible institution" in the antebellum South (1978) online
Raboteau, Albert J. (2004). Slave religion: the "invisible institution" in the antebellum South (Updated ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0195174137. Retrieved December 27, 2008.
Greene, A. Wilson (2006). Civil War Petersburg: Confederate city in the crucible of war. A nation divided. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0813925707.
History, Adeyemi College of Education Dept of (2008). Themes in humanities and African experience. Dept. of History, Adeyemi College of Education.
Jordan, John (2014). Born Black in the U.S.A. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 978-1434914842.
Conrad Black (2005). Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion Of Freedom. PublicAffairs. pp. 437–438. ISBN 9781586482824.
Jordan, John (9 June 2014). Born Black in the U.S.A. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 978-1434914842.

britannica.com

"African Americans - A new direction | Britannica".

brockport.edu

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Bibko, Julia (2016). "The American Revolution and the Black Loyalist Exodus". History: A Journal of Student Research. 1 (1).

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Blaine J. Branchik, and Judy Foster Davis, "Black Gold: A History of the African-American Elite Market Segment." Charm 2007 online(

census.gov

congress.gov

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"African American Members of the U.S. Congress: 1870–2020". Congressional Research Service. Retrieved 2022-05-17.

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Williams, Rudi."African Americans Gain Fame as World War II Red Ball Express Drivers." American Armed Forces Press Service, February 15, 2002. Retrieved 2007-06-10

doi.org

Westbury, Susan (1985). "Slaves of Colonial Virginia: Where They Came From". The William and Mary Quarterly. 42 (2): 228–237. doi:10.2307/1920429. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 1920429.
Hacker, J. David (2020). "From '20. and odd' to 10 million: The growth of the slave population in the United States". Slavery & Abolition. 41 (4): 840–855. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2020.1755502. ISSN 0144-039X. PMC 7716878. PMID 33281246.
Carlander, Jay; Elliot Brownlee (September 2006). "Antebellum Southern Political Economists and the Problem of Slavery". American Nineteenth Century History. 7 (3): 393. doi:10.1080/14664650600956585. S2CID 145385967.
Kennicott, Patrick C. (1970). "Black Persuaders in the Antislavery Movement". Journal of Black Studies. 1 (1): 5–20. doi:10.1177/002193477000100102. S2CID 143734647.
Taylor, Quintard (1979). "The Emergence of Black communities in the Pacific Northwest: 1865–1910". The Journal of Negro History. 64 (4): 342–354. doi:10.2307/2716942. JSTOR 2716942. S2CID 132137921.
Ross, Dorothy (September 2009). "Lincoln and the Ethics of Emancipation: Universalism, Nationalism, Exceptionalism". Journal of American History. 96 (2): 379–399. doi:10.1093/jahist/96.2.379. Archived from the original on 2012-04-21.
Kruman, Mark S. (1975). "Quotas for Blacks: The Public Works Administration and the Black Construction Worker". Labor History. 16 (1): 37–51. doi:10.1080/00236567508584321.
Taylor Shockley, Megan (2003). "Working For Democracy: Working-Class African-American Women, Citizenship, and Civil Rights in Detroit, 1940–1954". Michigan Historical Review. 29 (2): 125–157. doi:10.2307/20174036. JSTOR 20174036.
Pettit, Becky (2004). "Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration". American Sociological Review. 69 (2): 151–169. doi:10.1177/000312240406900201. S2CID 14332898.

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Nash, Gary B. (Summer 2006). "African-American". Phi Kappa Phi Forum. 83 (3): 1–2.
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Blain Roberts, Pageants, Parlors, and Pretty Women: Race and Beauty in the Twentieth-Century South (2014), quote p. 96. online review; excerpt

history.com

"First enslaved Africans arrive in Jamestown, setting the stage for slavery in North America". HISTORY.

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inmotionaame.org

"In Motion: African American Migration Experience, The Second Great Migration". Archived from the original on April 16, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007.

journalofamericanhistory.org

Ross, Dorothy (September 2009). "Lincoln and the Ethics of Emancipation: Universalism, Nationalism, Exceptionalism". Journal of American History. 96 (2): 379–399. doi:10.1093/jahist/96.2.379. Archived from the original on 2012-04-21.

jstor.org

Westbury, Susan (1985). "Slaves of Colonial Virginia: Where They Came From". The William and Mary Quarterly. 42 (2): 228–237. doi:10.2307/1920429. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 1920429.
Edward Raymond Turner, "The Abolition of Slavery in Pennsylvania." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography (1912): 129–142. in JSTOR
Franklin W. Knight, "The Haitian Revolution," American Historical Review (2000), 105#1, pp. 103–115; in JSTOR
Taylor, Quintard (1979). "The Emergence of Black communities in the Pacific Northwest: 1865–1910". The Journal of Negro History. 64 (4): 342–354. doi:10.2307/2716942. JSTOR 2716942. S2CID 132137921.
Glen Schwendemann, "St. Louis and the" Exodusters" of 1879." Journal of Negro History 46.1 (1961): 32–46 online.
August Meier, "Booker T. Washington and the Negro Press: With Special Reference to the Colored American Magazine." Journal of Negro History (1953): 67–90. in JSTOR
Christopher G. Wye, The New Deal and the Negro community: Toward a broader conceptualization." The Journal of American History 59.3 (1972): 621–639. in JSTOR
Christopher Robert Reed. "Black Chicago Political Realignment during the Great Depression and New Deal." Illinois Historical Journal (1985) 78#4 pp. 242–256. in JSTOR
Lee Finkle, "The Conservative Aims of Militant Rhetoric: Black Protest during World War II,: Journal of American History, December 1973, Vol. 60, Issue 3, pp. 692–713 in JSTOR
Taylor Shockley, Megan (2003). "Working For Democracy: Working-Class African-American Women, Citizenship, and Civil Rights in Detroit, 1940–1954". Michigan Historical Review. 29 (2): 125–157. doi:10.2307/20174036. JSTOR 20174036.
Stewart E. Tolnay, "The great migration and changes in the northern black family, 1940 to 1990." Social Forces 75.4 (1997): 1213–1238. online

learnquebec.ca

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loc.gov

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Mairie de Château-Thierry, base monument du 372^e US régiment

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Hacker, J. David (2020). "From '20. and odd' to 10 million: The growth of the slave population in the United States". Slavery & Abolition. 41 (4): 840–855. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2020.1755502. ISSN 0144-039X. PMC 7716878. PMID 33281246.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Hacker, J. David (2020). "From '20. and odd' to 10 million: The growth of the slave population in the United States". Slavery & Abolition. 41 (4): 840–855. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2020.1755502. ISSN 0144-039X. PMC 7716878. PMID 33281246.

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Carlander, Jay; Elliot Brownlee (September 2006). "Antebellum Southern Political Economists and the Problem of Slavery". American Nineteenth Century History. 7 (3): 393. doi:10.1080/14664650600956585. S2CID 145385967.
Kennicott, Patrick C. (1970). "Black Persuaders in the Antislavery Movement". Journal of Black Studies. 1 (1): 5–20. doi:10.1177/002193477000100102. S2CID 143734647.
Taylor, Quintard (1979). "The Emergence of Black communities in the Pacific Northwest: 1865–1910". The Journal of Negro History. 64 (4): 342–354. doi:10.2307/2716942. JSTOR 2716942. S2CID 132137921.
Pettit, Becky (2004). "Mass imprisonment and the life course: Race and class inequality in US incarceration". American Sociological Review. 69 (2): 151–169. doi:10.1177/000312240406900201. S2CID 14332898.

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Perry, James A. "African Roots of African-American Culture". The Black Collegian Online. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
"New World Exploration and English Ambition". The Terrible Transformation. PBS. Archived from the original on June 14, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2007.
"From Indentured Servitude to Racial Slavery". The Terrible Transformation. PBS. Archived from the original on June 4, 2007. Retrieved June 14, 2007.
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"In Motion: African American Migration Experience, The Second Great Migration". Archived from the original on April 16, 2007. Retrieved March 18, 2007.
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worldcat.org

Westbury, Susan (1985). "Slaves of Colonial Virginia: Where They Came From". The William and Mary Quarterly. 42 (2): 228–237. doi:10.2307/1920429. ISSN 0043-5597. JSTOR 1920429.
Hacker, J. David (2020). "From '20. and odd' to 10 million: The growth of the slave population in the United States". Slavery & Abolition. 41 (4): 840–855. doi:10.1080/0144039x.2020.1755502. ISSN 0144-039X. PMC 7716878. PMID 33281246.
Rohrs, Richard C. (August 2012). "The Free Black Experience in Antebellum Wilmington, North Carolina: Refining Generalization about Race Relations". Journal of Southern History. 78 (3): 615‒638. ISSN 0022-4642.
Pero Gaglo Dagbovie, "Making Black History Practical and Popular: Carter G. Woodson, the Proto Black Studies Movement, and the Struggle for Black Liberation." Western Journal of Black Studies 2004 28(2): 372–383. ISSN 0197-4327 Fulltext: Ebsco
Abul Pitre and Ruth Ray, "The Controversy Around Black History," Western Journal of Black Studies 2002 26(3): 149–154. ISSN 0197-4327 Fulltext: Ebsco.

worldwar1centennial.org

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