Ajam of Bahrain (English Wikipedia)

Salahiddin, Yusif (2012-01-02). "ذكرياتي عن بداية التعليم الحديث في البحرين (٣-٣)" [My memories of the beginning of modern education in Bahrain (3-3)]. Gulf News. Archived from the original on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2024-09-08.

abadis.ir

"دراز - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس". abadis.ir. Retrieved 2024-09-18.
"کرانه - معنی در دیکشنری آبادیس" [Meaning of "Karaneh"]. abadis.ir. Archived from the original on 2024-09-18. Retrieved 2024-09-18.

academia.edu

Onley, James (2005-01-01). ""Transnational Merchants in the Nineteenth Century Gulf: The Case of the Safar Family" (2005)". Transnational Connections and the Arab Gulf: 62. Archived from the original on 2023-02-21.

ahlamontada.net

janahi-vip.ahlamontada.net

"الجناحية /البستكية/الكوخردية/الكرمستجية................الخ - صفحة 1". janahi-vip.ahlamontada.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2024-09-12. Retrieved 2024-09-12. بس انا جناحيه و عمري ماسمعت احد من اهلي او من غير اهلي يقول ان احنا في الاصل عجم مو هوله !!
انا مو منزعجه من هالشي لان عادي .. بس استغربت لاني ماقد سمعت بهالشي .. و الاهل كلهم يتكلمون هولي مو عجمي واعرف الفرق بين العجمي و الهولي"
"انتوا بالبحرين العجمي عندكم يعني الفارسي الشيع انا ماودي اتطرق للمذاهب لكن لازم اوضّح لج
لكن اذا جيتي لمصطلح العجمي عندنا فهو يعني الغير عربي مايعني فقط الفارسي الشيعي !! فهمتي علي ! [But I’m from Janahi, and I’ve never heard anyone, from my family or others, say that we’re originally *Ajam* and not *Hawla*!! I’m not upset about this because it’s fine… but I was surprised because I’ve never heard that before. My family all speak Hawla, not *Ajami*, and I know the difference between *Ajami* and *Hawla*.In Bahrain, for you, *Ajami* means Shia Persian. I don’t want to get into religious sects, but I need to clarify this for you. However, if you come to our term *Ajami*, it means non-Arab. It doesn’t only mean Shia Persian! Do you get what I’m saying?]

ajammc.com

Shams, Alex (2012-05-18). "A "Persian" Iran?: Challenging the Aryan Myth and Persian Ethnocentrism". Ajam Media Collective. Retrieved 2024-11-29.

alayam.com

"بالفيديو.. "وين نروح في البحرين".. باجة ومشويات الستينات" [With video.... "where do we go in Bahrain".. Bajeh and sixties grills]. Al-Ayam. 2023-06-17. Archived from the original on 2023-06-27. Retrieved 2024-10-23.

albayan.ae

البيان. "عبدالنور البستكي.. مؤسّس الصناعة الفندقية في البحرين" [Abdul Noor Al Bastaki.. Founder of the Hotel Industry in Bahrain]. www.albayan.ae (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-11-17.

aljazeera.com

"Bahrain cuts diplomatic ties with Iran". Al Jazeera. 4 January 2016. Retrieved 31 October 2016.

almesbar.net

"العجم السنة في الخليج لم يواجهوا تمييزاً عرقيا" [Sunni Ajams in the Gulf did not face racial discrimination]. مركز المسبار للدراسات والبحوث (in Arabic). 2013-09-15. Archived from the original on 2023-06-10. Retrieved 2024-09-07.

almunajjid.com

"الموقع الرسمي للشيخ محمد صالح المنجد - 09- حديث مال البحرين". almunajjid.com. Archived from the original on 2024-04-14. Retrieved 2024-09-07.

alwasatnews.com

المحلية, المنامة-محرر الشئون. "للمرة الثالثة... سقوط أجزاء من المدرسة الإيرانية". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-07-29. Retrieved 2024-09-08. وأبدى الأهالي «تخوفهم من إصابة الأطفال الذين عادة ما يلعبون بالقرب من مبنى المدرسة الذي أصبح قديما جدا كما انه قريب جدا من أحد المساجد ما يعرض مرتادي المسجد للخطر في حال دخولهم أوخروجهم من وإلى المسجد». يشار إلى أن المدرسة الايرانية تم اقفلها بالتزامن مع انتفاضة التسعينات في العام 1996 بعدما اتهمت البحرين إيران بالتدخل في شئونها الداخلية. وتأسست المدرسة في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي، وتعتبر من أوائل المدارس التي افتتحت في البحرين والقائمون عليها هم مجموعة من البحرينيين من ذوي الاصول الايرانية، وعلى رغم استعداد الكثير من الشخصيات لتبني إعادة بناء المبنى فإن الجهات المعنية لم تعر تلك الشخصيات أي اهتمام. ويعتبر مبنى المدرسة أحد المباني التراثية في البحرين. [The residents expressed their concerns about the potential harm to children who often play near the school building, which has become very old and is also very close to one of the mosques, posing a risk to mosque-goers when they enter or exit. It is noted that the Iranian school was closed during the uprising of the 1990s in 1996, after Bahrain accused Iran of interfering in its internal affairs. The school was established in the late 19th century and is considered one of the first schools opened in Bahrain, founded by a group of Bahrainis of Iranian descent. Despite many individuals expressing their willingness to support the reconstruction of the building, the relevant authorities have shown no interest in these individuals. The school building is regarded as one of the heritage sites in Bahrain.]
الفردان, هاني (2015-02-22). "موضة تغيير الألقاب". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2024-09-07. قد يسأل البعض لماذا؟ ولكن مجرد أن تعرف اللقب الأول أو المستبدل ستفهم المغزى والهدف من التبديل والتحول والتعري منه، في موقفٍ غير منطقي سوى التبرؤ من أصولهم وعوائلهم وأنسابهم طمعاً في تحقيق مكاسب آنية [Some may ask why? But once you know the first or replaced surname, you will understand the meaning and purpose of the change, transformation and stripping away from it, in an illogical position other than disavowing their origins, families and lineages in the hope of achieving immediate gains.]
محمد, العدلية-سعيد. "العدلية... من الأرض المظلومة إلى ملتقى العشاق// البحرين". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-09-18.
الجزيري, الوسط-محمود. "إبراهيم شريف من السجن إلى السجن... تتمّة الحكاية". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2022-11-23. Retrieved 2024-11-24.
حيدر), أم الحصم-محمود الجزيري (تصوير: أحمد آل. "شاهد الصور... "وعد" تغص بالمهنئين بالإفراج عن إبراهيم شريف". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Retrieved 2024-11-24.

arabalsahel.com

"لماذا تحتقرون عجم السنة ؟ هذا ردي" [Why do you despise the Sunni Ajams? This is my response]. arabalsahel.com. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
"لماذا تحرفون تاريخ الهوله؟ ما يجوز ياجماعه" [Why do you distort the history of the Huwala? It is not permissible, people.]. Archived from the original on 2024-09-26.

arabcenterdc.org

DC, Arab Center Washington. "From Neighbors to Foreigners: Iranians in Bahrain in the Early 20th Century". Arab Center Washington DC. Archived from the original on 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2024-09-14.

archive.org

"تاريخ العرق الفارسي في البحرين" [History of the Persian race in Bahrain] (PDF). Al-Waqt (1346). 2009-10-28. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-06-12.
Limbert, John W. (January 2014). "Iranian and Arab in the Gulf : endangered language, windtowers, and fish sauce". pp. 11, 15, 16. Archived from the original on 2024-11-18.
"The Peoples of Iran". 1939. p. 209. in Field, Henry (1939). "Contributions to the anthropology of Iran". Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Series. Publication. Field Museum of Natural History. 29 (1). doi:10.5962/bhl.title.3355. JSTOR 29782234.

ia600600.us.archive.org

McCoy, Eric (2008). Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States (PDF). The University of Arizona. ISBN 9780549935070. OCLC 659750775. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-05.

archive.today

Al-Rumaihi, Mohammed Ghanim (1973). "Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War" (PDF). Durham University. pp. 46–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 Aug 2022.

arizona.edu

repository.arizona.edu

McCoy, Eric (2008). Iranians in Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates: Migration, Minorities, and Identities in the Persian Gulf Arab States (PDF). The University of Arizona. ISBN 9780549935070. OCLC 659750775. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2024-08-05.

atlanticcouncil.org

Dagres, Holly (2024-06-12). "Will Bahrain and Iran turn a new page? There's been talk of it". Atlantic Council. Retrieved 2024-11-01.

bahrainedb.com

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bahrainmirror.com

"إلى إسماعيل أكبري... افتخر بعجميّتك ولا تبالي" [To Ismael Akbari... be proud of your Ajaminess and don't care]. مرآة البحرين (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2024-09-10.

balafon.net

anonby.balafon.net

Anonby, Erik John (July 2003). "Update on Luri: How many languages?" (PDF). Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. Series 3. 13 (2): 171–197. doi:10.1017/S1356186303003067. S2CID 162293895.

bhguide.com

"Matam Al Ajam Al Kabeer (Grand Mosque of Ajam)". Bahrain Guide. Retrieved 15 November 2012.

bna.bh

"ILO honour for prominent Bahraini businesswoman". Bahrain News Agency. 2021-05-17. Archived from the original on 2021-05-19. ...first Arab businesswoman to feature in the ILO board...
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"حسن محمد طاهر كلداري .. في ذمة الله" [Hassan Muhammad Taher Galadari... has passed away [to God]]. 2015-02-02.

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Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. pp. XXVI. ISBN 9004107630.
Holes, Clive (2001). Dialect, Culture, and Society in Eastern Arabia: Glossary. BRILL. pp. XXIV–XXVI. ISBN 978-9004107632. Thus the elements in the pre-Islamic ethno-linguistic situation in eastern Arabia appear to have been a mixed tribal population of partially Christianised Arabs of diverse origins who probably spoke different old Arabian vernaculars; a mobile Persian-speaking population, possibly of traders and administrators, with strong links to Persia, which they maintained close contact; a small sedentary, non-tribal community of Aramaic-speaking agriculturalists; a Persian clergy, who we know for certain, used Syriac as a language of liturgy and writing more generally, probably alongside Persian as a spoken language.
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Al-Snan, Noora R.; Messaoudi, Safia A.; Khubrani, Yahya M.; Wetton, Jon H.; Jobling, Mark A.; Bakhiet, Moiz (2020). "Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 295 (6): 1315–1324. doi:10.1007/s00438-020-01696-4. ISSN 1617-4615. PMC 7524810. PMID 32588126. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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Al-Snan, Noora R.; Messaoudi, Safia A.; Khubrani, Yahya M.; Wetton, Jon H.; Jobling, Mark A.; Bakhiet, Moiz (2020). "Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 295 (6): 1315–1324. doi:10.1007/s00438-020-01696-4. ISSN 1617-4615. PMC 7524810. PMID 32588126. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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Al-Rumaihi, Mohammed Ghanim (1973). "Social and political change in Bahrain since the First World War" (PDF). Durham University. pp. 46–47. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 Aug 2022.
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hamedkenani.com

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jaypeejournals.com

Kapil Lahoti, Seema; M Karia, Ashok; B Lahoti, Kapil (2013). Singh, Gurkeerat (ed.). "Heritability of Facial Characteristics between Parents and Offsprings: A Photographic Study". The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society. 47: 419–425. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1199 (inactive 11 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)

jehat.net

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Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar (2015-04-21). "The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia". PLOS Genetics. 11 (4): e1005068. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4405460. PMID 25898006. Our ADMIXTURE analysis (Fig 2) revealed that Turkic-speaking populations scattered across Eurasia tend to share most of their genetic ancestry with their current geographic non-Turkic neighbors. This is particularly obvious for Turkic peoples in Anatolia, Iran, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, but more difficult to determine for northeastern Siberian Turkic speakers, Yakuts and Dolgans, for which non-Turkic reference populations are absent. We also found that a higher proportion of Asian genetic components distinguishes the Turkic speakers all over West Eurasia from their immediate non-Turkic neighbors. These results support the model that expansion of the Turkic language family outside its presumed East Eurasian core area occurred primarily through language replacement, perhaps by the elite dominance scenario, that is, intrusive Turkic nomads imposed their language on indigenous peoples due to advantages in military and/or social organization.
Nasidze, Ivan; Sarkisian, Tamara; Kerimov, Azer; Stoneking, Mark (2003). "Testing hypotheses of language replacement in the Caucasus" (PDF). Human Genetics. 112 (3): 255–261. doi:10.1007/s00439-002-0874-4. PMID 12596050. S2CID 13232436. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2007.
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Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Metspalu, Mait; Metspalu, Ene; Valeev, Albert; Litvinov, Sergei; Valiev, Ruslan; Akhmetova, Vita; Balanovska, Elena; Balanovsky, Oleg; Turdikulova, Shahlo; Dalimova, Dilbar (2015-04-21). "The Genetic Legacy of the Expansion of Turkic-Speaking Nomads across Eurasia". PLOS Genetics. 11 (4): e1005068. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1005068. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 4405460. PMID 25898006. Our ADMIXTURE analysis (Fig 2) revealed that Turkic-speaking populations scattered across Eurasia tend to share most of their genetic ancestry with their current geographic non-Turkic neighbors. This is particularly obvious for Turkic peoples in Anatolia, Iran, the Caucasus, and Eastern Europe, but more difficult to determine for northeastern Siberian Turkic speakers, Yakuts and Dolgans, for which non-Turkic reference populations are absent. We also found that a higher proportion of Asian genetic components distinguishes the Turkic speakers all over West Eurasia from their immediate non-Turkic neighbors. These results support the model that expansion of the Turkic language family outside its presumed East Eurasian core area occurred primarily through language replacement, perhaps by the elite dominance scenario, that is, intrusive Turkic nomads imposed their language on indigenous peoples due to advantages in military and/or social organization.
Al-Snan, Noora R.; Messaoudi, Safia A.; Khubrani, Yahya M.; Wetton, Jon H.; Jobling, Mark A.; Bakhiet, Moiz (2020). "Geographical structuring and low diversity of paternal lineages in Bahrain shown by analysis of 27 Y-STRs". Molecular Genetics and Genomics. 295 (6): 1315–1324. doi:10.1007/s00438-020-01696-4. ISSN 1617-4615. PMC 7524810. PMID 32588126. This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

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"Discovering Bakhtiari, Qashqai and Mamasani Nomads". Sunny Iran. Retrieved 2024-12-05. Mamasani tribe living in Mamasani city in the northwest of Fars province speaks Lori language. This tribe currently consists of four tribes: Baksh, Javid, Enemy Ziari and Rostam.

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(Arabic: معرفي)Mohammad E. Al-Habib (21 November 2023). "Kuwait's ʿAjam merchants: a transnational community (1896–1950)". Middle Eastern Studies. 60 (5): 700–718. doi:10.1080/00263206.2023.2279519. S2CID 265365149. Archived from the original on 2024-09-25.

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"فارسي (ايراني) او عجمي تبون تتعلمون؟للجميع" [Persian (Iranian) or Ajami, do you want to learn? For everyone]. Bahraini University Students Website (in Arabic). 2012-01-05. Archived from the original on 2024-09-08. Retrieved 2024-09-08.

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"إلى إسماعيل أكبري... افتخر بعجميّتك ولا تبالي" [To Ismael Akbari... be proud of your Ajaminess and don't care]. مرآة البحرين (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-09-02. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
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"Western Iranian languages History". Destination Iran. 2024-06-16. Archived from the original on 2024-11-28. Retrieved 2024-11-28. Achomi or Khodmooni (Larestani) is a southwestern Iranian language spoken in southern Fars province and the Ajam (non-arab) population in Persian Gulf countries such as UAE, Bahrain, and Kuwait. It is a descendant of Middle Persian and has several dialects including Lari, Evazi, Khoni, Bastaki, and more.
"الجناحية /البستكية/الكوخردية/الكرمستجية................الخ - صفحة 1". janahi-vip.ahlamontada.net (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2024-09-12. Retrieved 2024-09-12. بس انا جناحيه و عمري ماسمعت احد من اهلي او من غير اهلي يقول ان احنا في الاصل عجم مو هوله !!
انا مو منزعجه من هالشي لان عادي .. بس استغربت لاني ماقد سمعت بهالشي .. و الاهل كلهم يتكلمون هولي مو عجمي واعرف الفرق بين العجمي و الهولي"
"انتوا بالبحرين العجمي عندكم يعني الفارسي الشيع انا ماودي اتطرق للمذاهب لكن لازم اوضّح لج
لكن اذا جيتي لمصطلح العجمي عندنا فهو يعني الغير عربي مايعني فقط الفارسي الشيعي !! فهمتي علي ! [But I’m from Janahi, and I’ve never heard anyone, from my family or others, say that we’re originally *Ajam* and not *Hawla*!! I’m not upset about this because it’s fine… but I was surprised because I’ve never heard that before. My family all speak Hawla, not *Ajami*, and I know the difference between *Ajami* and *Hawla*.In Bahrain, for you, *Ajami* means Shia Persian. I don’t want to get into religious sects, but I need to clarify this for you. However, if you come to our term *Ajami*, it means non-Arab. It doesn’t only mean Shia Persian! Do you get what I’m saying?]
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المحلية, المنامة-محرر الشئون. "للمرة الثالثة... سقوط أجزاء من المدرسة الإيرانية". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2019-07-29. Retrieved 2024-09-08. وأبدى الأهالي «تخوفهم من إصابة الأطفال الذين عادة ما يلعبون بالقرب من مبنى المدرسة الذي أصبح قديما جدا كما انه قريب جدا من أحد المساجد ما يعرض مرتادي المسجد للخطر في حال دخولهم أوخروجهم من وإلى المسجد». يشار إلى أن المدرسة الايرانية تم اقفلها بالتزامن مع انتفاضة التسعينات في العام 1996 بعدما اتهمت البحرين إيران بالتدخل في شئونها الداخلية. وتأسست المدرسة في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر الميلادي، وتعتبر من أوائل المدارس التي افتتحت في البحرين والقائمون عليها هم مجموعة من البحرينيين من ذوي الاصول الايرانية، وعلى رغم استعداد الكثير من الشخصيات لتبني إعادة بناء المبنى فإن الجهات المعنية لم تعر تلك الشخصيات أي اهتمام. ويعتبر مبنى المدرسة أحد المباني التراثية في البحرين. [The residents expressed their concerns about the potential harm to children who often play near the school building, which has become very old and is also very close to one of the mosques, posing a risk to mosque-goers when they enter or exit. It is noted that the Iranian school was closed during the uprising of the 1990s in 1996, after Bahrain accused Iran of interfering in its internal affairs. The school was established in the late 19th century and is considered one of the first schools opened in Bahrain, founded by a group of Bahrainis of Iranian descent. Despite many individuals expressing their willingness to support the reconstruction of the building, the relevant authorities have shown no interest in these individuals. The school building is regarded as one of the heritage sites in Bahrain.]
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"ILO honour for prominent Bahraini businesswoman". Bahrain News Agency. 2021-05-17. Archived from the original on 2021-05-19. ...first Arab businesswoman to feature in the ILO board...
الفردان, هاني (2015-02-22). "موضة تغيير الألقاب". صحيفة الوسط البحرينية (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 2017-05-11. Retrieved 2024-09-07. قد يسأل البعض لماذا؟ ولكن مجرد أن تعرف اللقب الأول أو المستبدل ستفهم المغزى والهدف من التبديل والتحول والتعري منه، في موقفٍ غير منطقي سوى التبرؤ من أصولهم وعوائلهم وأنسابهم طمعاً في تحقيق مكاسب آنية [Some may ask why? But once you know the first or replaced surname, you will understand the meaning and purpose of the change, transformation and stripping away from it, in an illogical position other than disavowing their origins, families and lineages in the hope of achieving immediate gains.]
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