Akhdam (English Wikipedia)

Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (January 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2011AJPA..144....1N. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 20623605.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (1 November 2008). "Indian Oceanic Crossings: Music of the Afro-Asian Diaspora". African Diaspora. 1 (1–2): 135–154. doi:10.1163/187254608x346079. ISSN 1872-5457.
Washbrook, David (2012), "The World of the Indian Ocean", Routledge Handbook of the South Asian Diaspora, Routledge, doi:10.4324/9780203796528.ch1, ISBN 9780203796528
Austen, Ralph A. (1 December 1988). "The 19th Century Islamic Slave Trade from East Africa (Swahili and Red Sea Coasts): A Tentative Census". Slavery & Abolition. 9 (3): 21–44. doi:10.1080/01440398808574960. ISSN 0144-039X.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (1 April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Cerný, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Zaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. Bibcode:2008AJPA..136..128C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 18257024.
GABRIELE VOMBRUCK (June 1996). "Being worthy of protection. The dialectics of gender attributes in Yemen". Social Anthropology. 4 (2): 145–162. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.1996.tb00322.x.
Al-Serouri A. W.; Anaam M.; Al-Iryani B.; Al Deram A.; Ramaroson, S. (2010). "AIDS awareness and attitudes among Yemeni young people living in high-risk areas". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 16 (3): 242–250. doi:10.26719/2010.16.3.242. PMID 20795436.

europepmc.org (Global: 8,929^th place; English: 8,063^rd place)

Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (1 April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (January 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2011AJPA..144....1N. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 20623605.
Cerný, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Zaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. Bibcode:2008AJPA..136..128C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 18257024.

histclo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Yemen Yemeni ethnicity". www.histclo.com. Retrieved 25 April 2025.

hunasotak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"المهمشون في اليمن: إهمال وتمييز وحقوق ضائعة". Huna Sotak (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

idsn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Yemen - International Dalit Solidarity Network". International Dalit Solidarity Network. 14 November 2014. Retrieved 28 November 2015.

indianoceanslavetrade.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Slave Routes - The Indian Ocean Slave Trade". indianoceanslavetrade.org. Retrieved 25 April 2025.

irinnews.org (Global: 5,284^th place; English: 4,199^th place)

"YEMEN: Akhdam people suffer history of discrimination". IRINnews. November 2005. Retrieved 28 November 2015.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Page 10 in: Goitein, S.D. (1955). "Portrait of a Yemenite Weavers' Village". Jewish Social Studies. 17 (1). Indiana University Press: 3–26. JSTOR 4465298.

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 1,924^th place; English: 1,131^st place)

"Akhdam: A look into lives of Yemen's untouchables - Khaleej Times". www.khaleejtimes.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
"Akhdam: A look into lives of Yemen's untouchables". Khaleej Times. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

ledijournals.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nevola, Luca. “‘Black People, White Hearts’: Origin, Race, and Colour in Contemporary Yemen.” Antropologia, 7, no. 1 (2020): 93-115. https://www.ledijournals.com/ojs/index.php/antropologia/article/view/1626/1526

minorityrights.org (Global: 8,719^th place; English: 6,566^th place)

"Muhamasheen in Yemen". Minority Rights Group. Retrieved 15 August 2025.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (January 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2011AJPA..144....1N. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 20623605.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (1 April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Cerný, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Zaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. Bibcode:2008AJPA..136..128C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 18257024.
Lehmann, Hermann (1954). "Distribution of the sickle cell trait". Eugenics Review. 46 (2): 101–121. PMC 2973326. PMID 21260667.
Al-Serouri A. W.; Anaam M.; Al-Iryani B.; Al Deram A.; Ramaroson, S. (2010). "AIDS awareness and attitudes among Yemeni young people living in high-risk areas". Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 16 (3): 242–250. doi:10.26719/2010.16.3.242. PMID 20795436.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (1 April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Lehmann, Hermann (1954). "Distribution of the sickle cell trait". Eugenics Review. 46 (2): 101–121. PMC 2973326. PMID 21260667.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Robert F. Worth, "Languishing at the Bottom of Yemen’s Ladder", New York Times, (February 27 2008)
Worth, Robert F. (27 February 2008). "Languishing at the Bottom of Yemen's Ladder". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 April 2025.

soas.ac.uk (Global: 5,013^th place; English: 3,135^th place)

"Red Crescents: Race, Genetics, and Sickle Cell Disease in Turkey and Aden | SOAS University of London". www.soas.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

Austen, Ralph A. (1 December 1988). "The 19th Century Islamic Slave Trade from East Africa (Swahili and Red Sea Coasts): A Tentative Census". Slavery & Abolition. 9 (3): 21–44. doi:10.1080/01440398808574960. ISSN 0144-039X.
Christiansen, Connie and Al-Thawr, Sabria. “Muhamesheen Activism: Enacting Citizenship during Yemen’s Transition.” Citizenship Studies 23, no. 2 (February 17, 2019): 115–138. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13621025.2019.1583725

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Yemen's Al-Akhdam face brutal oppression". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2013.
"Red Crescents: Race, Genetics, and Sickle Cell Disease in Turkey and Aden | SOAS University of London". www.soas.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 30 December 2018. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"Caste In Yemen". Baltimore Sun. 25 April 2004. Archived from the original on 5 November 2006.
"The Untouchables of Yemen". Al Akhbar English. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 November 2015.
Yemen Times
"المهمشون في اليمن: إهمال وتمييز وحقوق ضائعة". Huna Sotak (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 3 January 2019. Retrieved 3 January 2019.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Non, Amy L.; Al-Meeri, Ali; Raaum, Ryan L.; Sanchez, Luisa F.; Mulligan, Connie J. (January 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA reveals distinct evolutionary histories for Jewish populations in Yemen and Ethiopia". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 144 (1): 1–10. Bibcode:2011AJPA..144....1N. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21360. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 20623605.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F.; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 0002-9297. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (1 November 2008). "Indian Oceanic Crossings: Music of the Afro-Asian Diaspora". African Diaspora. 1 (1–2): 135–154. doi:10.1163/187254608x346079. ISSN 1872-5457.
Worth, Robert F. (27 February 2008). "Languishing at the Bottom of Yemen's Ladder". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 April 2025.
Austen, Ralph A. (1 December 1988). "The 19th Century Islamic Slave Trade from East Africa (Swahili and Red Sea Coasts): A Tentative Census". Slavery & Abolition. 9 (3): 21–44. doi:10.1080/01440398808574960. ISSN 0144-039X.
Richards, Martin; Rengo, Chiara; Cruciani, Fulvio; Gratrix, Fiona; Wilson, James F; Scozzari, Rosaria; Macaulay, Vincent; Torroni, Antonio (1 April 2003). "Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (4): 1058–1064. doi:10.1086/374384. ISSN 1537-6605. PMC 1180338. PMID 12629598.
Cerný, Viktor; Mulligan, Connie J.; Rídl, Jakub; Zaloudková, Martina; Edens, Christopher M.; Hájek, Martin; Pereira, Luísa (June 2008). "Regional differences in the distribution of the sub-Saharan, West Eurasian, and South Asian mtDNA lineages in Yemen". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 136 (2): 128–137. Bibcode:2008AJPA..136..128C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20784. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 18257024.

Akhdam (English Wikipedia)

al-akhbar.com (Global: 5,205th place; English: 8,229th place)

english.al-akhbar.com

andaman.org (Global: low place; English: 7,632nd place)

biyokulule.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)

ireport.cnn.com

countercurrents.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

europepmc.org (Global: 8,929th place; English: 8,063rd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

histclo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

hunasotak.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

idsn.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

indianoceanslavetrade.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

irinnews.org (Global: 5,284th place; English: 4,199th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 1,924th place; English: 1,131st place)

ledijournals.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

minorityrights.org (Global: 8,719th place; English: 6,566th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

soas.ac.uk (Global: 5,013th place; English: 3,135th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507th place; English: 429th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

al-akhbar.com (Global: 5,205^th place; English: 8,229^th place)

andaman.org (Global: low place; English: 7,632^nd place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

europepmc.org (Global: 8,929^th place; English: 8,063^rd place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

irinnews.org (Global: 5,284^th place; English: 4,199^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

khaleejtimes.com (Global: 1,924^th place; English: 1,131^st place)

minorityrights.org (Global: 8,719^th place; English: 6,566^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

soas.ac.uk (Global: 5,013^th place; English: 3,135^th place)

tandfonline.com (Global: 507^th place; English: 429^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)