References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Al-Kindi" in the English version

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Klein-Franke 2001, p. 165. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Corbin 1993, p. 155. Corbin, Henry (1993). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Keagan Paul. ISBN 9781135198886.

Adamson 2007, p. 7. Adamson, Peter (2007). Al-Kindī. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 978-0-19-518142-5. Retrieved 22 May 2011.

Klein-Franke 2001, p. 172. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Abboud, Tony (15 January 2006). Al Kindi: The Father of Arab Philosophy. The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. ISBN 9781404205116.

Crone, Patricia (1980). Slaves on Horses: The Evolution of the Islamic Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 0-521-52940-9.

Corbin 1993, p. 154. Corbin, Henry (1993). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Keagan Paul. ISBN 9781135198886.

Klein-Franke 2001, p. 166. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Corbin 1993, pp. 154–155. Corbin, Henry (1993). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Keagan Paul. ISBN 9781135198886.

Klein-Franke 2001, pp. 172–173. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Klein-Franke 2001, pp. 166–167. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Klein-Franke 2001, pp. 173–174. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Cozzens, Margaret; Miller, Steven J. (2013). The Mathematics of Encryption: An Elementary Introduction. American Mathematical Society. p. 5. ISBN 978-0821883211.

Al-Jubouri, I. M. N. (2004). History of Islamic Philosophy: With View of Greek Philosophy and Early History of Islam. Authors on Line Ltd. ISBN 9780755210114.

Turner, Howard R. (28 July 2010). Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction (3rd pbk. print. ed.). University of Texas Press. p. 49. ISBN 978-0292781498.

Klein-Franke 2001, p. 167. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Klein-Franke 2001, p. 168. Klein-Franke, Felix (2001). "Al-Kindi". In Leaman, Oliver; Nasr, Hossein (eds.). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415131599.

Corbin 1993, p. 156. Corbin, Henry (1993). History of Islamic Philosophy. London: Keagan Paul. ISBN 9781135198886.

Sarton, George (1927). Introduction to the History of Science. Carnegie Institution of Washington.

doi.org

Adamson 2005, p. 33. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Broemeling, Lyle D. (1 November 2011). "An Account of Early Statistical Inference in Arab Cryptology". The American Statistician. 65 (4): 255–257. doi:10.1198/tas.2011.10191. S2CID 123537702.

Broemeling, Lyle D. (2011). "An Account of Early Statistical Inference in Arab Cryptology". The American Statistician. 65 (4): 255–257. doi:10.1198/tas.2011.10191. S2CID 123537702.

Adamson 2005, p. 34. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 32-33. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 42. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Matton, Sylvain (Winter 2023). "An Irradiation of Latin Grammarians, or The De radiis is not by al-Kindī". Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft. 17 (3): 437–455. doi:10.1353/mrw.2023.0005. S2CID 258054985.

Adamson 2005, p. 43. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Lindberg, David C. (Winter 1971). "Alkindi's Critique of Euclid's Theory of Vision". Isis. 62 (4): 469–489 [471]. doi:10.1086/350790. PMID 4948770. S2CID 40895875.

Adamson 2005, p. 45. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 37. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 36. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 35. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 39. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, pp. 40–41. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 40. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, pp. 41–42. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 46-47. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

Adamson 2005, p. 47. Adamson, Peter (10 January 2005). "Al-Kindī and the reception of Greek philosophy". In Adamson, Peter; Taylor, Richard C. (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy. Cambridge University Press. pp. 32–51. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521817439.003. ISBN 978-0-521-81743-1.

history-science-technology.com

al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2001). "Alchemy, chemistry and chemical technology". In al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (ed.). Science and Technology in Islam: Technology and Applied Sciences. UNESCO. pp. 41–84. ISBN 9789231038310. pp. 65-69; al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources from the 8th Century". Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298. (same content also available on the author's website). See also Garbers, Karl (1948). Kitāb Kīmiyā' al-'Iṭr Wat-Taṣ'īdāt: Buch über die Chemie des Parfüms und die Destillationen von Ya'qūb b. Isḥāq al-Kindī. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der arabischen Parfümgeschichte und Drogenkunde aus de 9. Jahrh. Vol. P.C. Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, 30. Leipzig: Brockhaus..

ishim.net

Prioreschi 2002. Prioreschi, Plinio (2002). "Al-Kindi, A Precursor of the Scientific Revolution" (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2: 17–19.

Prioreschi 2002, p. 17. Prioreschi, Plinio (2002). "Al-Kindi, A Precursor of the Scientific Revolution" (PDF). Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 2: 17–19.

kaust.edu.sa

cemse.kaust.edu.sa

"Al-Kindi Distinguished Statistics Lectures". Statistics at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. The lectures are named after Al-Kindi (801–873 CE), a prominent figure in the House of Wisdom, whose book entitled "Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages" is believed to be the earliest writing on statistics. In his book, Al-Kindi gave a detailed description on how to decipher encrypted messages using statistics and frequency analysis. This text arguably gave rise to the birth of both statistics and cryptanalysis.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Broemeling, Lyle D. (1 November 2011). "An Account of Early Statistical Inference in Arab Cryptology". The American Statistician. 65 (4): 255–257. doi:10.1198/tas.2011.10191. S2CID 123537702.

Broemeling, Lyle D. (2011). "An Account of Early Statistical Inference in Arab Cryptology". The American Statistician. 65 (4): 255–257. doi:10.1198/tas.2011.10191. S2CID 123537702.

Lindberg, David C. (Winter 1971). "Alkindi's Critique of Euclid's Theory of Vision". Isis. 62 (4): 469–489 [471]. doi:10.1086/350790. PMID 4948770. S2CID 40895875.

web.archive.org

"Al-Kindi biography". www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 26 October 2007.

"Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Ishaq al-Sabbah Al-Kindi". Archived from the original on 26 October 2007. Retrieved 26 October 2007.

Al-Allaf, M. "Al-Kindi's Mathematical Metaphysics" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 12 January 2007.

Al-Kindi (English Wikipedia)

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