Samsó, Julio (2018). "Ibn al-Zarqālluh". Brill. Retrieved 18 December 2022.
britannica.com
"Spain - Culture of Muslim Spain". Encyclopedia Britannica.: A number of these scholars sought to simplify the astrolabe, and finally al-Zarqālī (Azarquiel; died 1100) achieved success by inventing the apparatus called the azafea (Arabic: al-ṣafīḥah), which was widely used by navigators until the 16th century.