Albinism in humans (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Albinism in humans" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

25nih.gov

4^th place

12doi.org

2^nd place

8web.archive.org

1^st place

8books.google.com

3^rd place

8bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

4voanews.com

581^st place

738^th place

3albinism.org

low place

2semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

1reference.com

657^th place

613^th place

1macmillandictionary.com

7,556^th place

5,759^th place

1britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

1medscape.com

719^th place

636^th place

1reviewofoptometry.com

low place

1umn.edu

1,266^th place

860^th place

1medlineplus.gov

1,581^st place

1,299^th place

1harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1wired.com

193^rd place

152^nd place

1news-medical.net

8,069^th place

7,681^st place

1worldalbinism.org

low place

1omim.org

4,380^th place

4,305^th place

1archive.today

14^th place

1southern-africas-children.org.uk

low place

1worldcat.org

5^th place

1ajol.info

8,971^st place

5,863^rd place

1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

296^th place

1youtube.com

9^th place

13^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1theguardian.com

12^th place

11^th place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

1ipsnews.net

6,190^th place

4,693^rd place

1un.org

97^th place

164^th place

1ohchr.org

1,210^th place

1,422^nd place

ajol.info

Magna, P. (January 2014). "Biology and genetics of Oculocutaneous albinism and vitiligo-common pigmentation disorders in Southern Africa". South African Medical Journal. 103 (1): 984–988. doi:10.7196/samj.7046 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMID 24300644.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

albinism.org

"Information Bulletin – Ocular Albinism". National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
"Information Bulletin – Sun Protection - National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation". 27 January 2018. Retrieved 15 February 2025.
"About Albinism and Hypopigmentation". Albinism.org. National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. 15 December 2020.

archive.today

"Ukerewe Albino Society". Southern Africa's Children. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2010.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Living in fear: Tanzania's albinos". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 21 July 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
"Burundian albino murders denied". BBC News. 19 May 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
"Man 'tried to sell' albino wife". BBC News. 13 November 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
"Tanzania albinos targeted again". BBC News. 27 July 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
Ntetema, Vicky (24 July 2008). "In hiding for exposing Tanzania witchdoctors". BBC News. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
"Mothers hacked in albino attacks". BBC News. 14 November 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
"Death for Tanzania albino killers". BBC News. 23 September 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2010.

bbc.co.uk

"Burundi albino boy 'dismembered'". BBC News. 24 October 2010.

books.google.com

Chen, Harold (2006). Atlas of genetic diagnosis and counseling. Totowa, New Jersey: Humana Press. pp. 37–40. ISBN 9781588296818. Retrieved 22 July 2010.
Khanna, Pragya (30 December 2013). Essentials of Genetics. I. K. International. ISBN 9789380026343.
Richter, Roxane; Flowers, Thomas; Bongmba, Elias (2017). Witchcraft as a Social Diagnosis: Traditional Ghanaian Beliefs and Global Health. Lexington Books. ISBN 9781498523196.
Hedrick, Philip W. (2005). Genetics of Populations. Jones & Bartlett Learning. pp. 2, 186. ISBN 9780763747725. An often-cited example of pleiotropic effects of viability and male-mating success in humans is for albinism in Hopi Indians, a small tribe in northern Arizona.
Shuttleworth, Russell P. (2000). The Pursuit of Sexual Intimacy for Men with Cerebral Palsy. University of California, San Francisco. p. 74. The apparent reason for this phenomenon is that albino Hopi men developed a sexual advantage over non-albino men.
Lester, Paul Martin (2003). Visual Communication: Images with Messages. Thomson/Wadsworth. p. 17. ISBN 9780534562441.
Kromberg, Jennifer; Manga, Prashiela (2 January 2018). Albinism in Africa: Historical, Geographic, Medical, Genetic, and Psychosocial Aspects. Academic Press. p. 58. ISBN 9780128133170.
Nagle, James J. (1984). Heredity and Human Affairs. Times Mirror/Mosby. p. 291. ISBN 9780801636264. Albino men in particular have been socially accepted in the dark-skinned Hopi society.

britannica.com

"Albinism". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 27 January 2015.

cnn.com

"Malawi albinos: Six people to stand in 2019 elections to fight stigma". CNN. 26 June 2018.

doi.org

Kaplan, J.; De Domenico, I.; Ward, D. M. (2008). "Chediak-Higashi syndrome". Current Opinion in Hematology. 15 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f2bcce. PMID 18043242. S2CID 43243529.
Kruijt, Bastiaan; Franssen, Luuk; Prick, Liesbeth J. J. M.; Van Vliet, Johannes M. J.; Van Den Berg, Thomas J. T. P. (2011). "Ocular Straylight in Albinism". Optometry and Vision Science. 88 (5): E585–592. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318212071e. PMID 21358444. S2CID 24992321.
Dolinska, M. B.; Kovaleva, E.; Backlund, P.; Wingfield, P. T.; Brooks, B. P.; Sergeev, Y. V. (2014). "Albinism-Causing Mutations in Recombinant Human Tyrosinase Alter Intrinsic Enzymatic Activity". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84494. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984494D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084494. PMC 3879332. PMID 24392141.
Greaves, M. (2014). "Was skin cancer a selective force for black pigmentation in early hominin evolution?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1781): 20132955. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2955. PMC 3953838. PMID 24573849.
Hong, E. S.; Zeeb, H.; Repacholi, M. H. (2006). "Albinism in Africa as a public health issue". BMC Public Health. 6: 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-212. PMC 1584235. PMID 16916463.
Lee, J. (May 2002). "Surgical management of nystagmus". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (5): 238–241. doi:10.1177/014107680209500506. PMC 1279676. PMID 11983764.
Owsley, C. (2012). "Driving with bioptic telescopes: organizing a research agenda". Optom Vis Sci. 89 (9): 1249–1256. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182678dc8. PMC 3471243.
Gronskov, K.; Ek, J.; Brondum-Nielsen, K. (2 November 2007). "Oculocutaneous albinism". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2: 43. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-43. PMC 2211462. PMID 17980020.
Yi, Z.; Garrison, N.; Cohen-Barak, O.; Karafet, T. M.; King, R. A.; Erickson, R. P.; Hammer, M. F.; Brilliant, M. H. (January 2003). "A 122.5-kilobase deletion of the P gene underlies the high prevalence of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 in the Navajo population". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1086/345380. PMC 420013. PMID 12469324.
Hedrick, Philip W. (June 2003). "Hopi Indians, cultural selection, and albinism". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 121 (2): 151–156. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10180. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 12740958.
Magna, P. (January 2014). "Biology and genetics of Oculocutaneous albinism and vitiligo-common pigmentation disorders in Southern Africa". South African Medical Journal. 103 (1): 984–988. doi:10.7196/samj.7046 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMID 24300644.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Jennifer G R Kromberg; Flynn, Kaitlyn A; Kerr, Robyn A (13 July 2023). "Determining a Worldwide Prevalence of Oculocutaneous Albinism: A Systematic Review". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 64 (10). doi:10.1167/iov. Archived from the original on 4 February 2025.

ghostarchive.org

Tanzanians with albinism targeted for witchcraft. UNICEF. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2017 – via YouTube.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Dolinska, M. B.; Kovaleva, E.; Backlund, P.; Wingfield, P. T.; Brooks, B. P.; Sergeev, Y. V. (2014). "Albinism-Causing Mutations in Recombinant Human Tyrosinase Alter Intrinsic Enzymatic Activity". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84494. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984494D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084494. PMC 3879332. PMID 24392141.

ipsnews.net

Machipisa, Lewis (25 November 2002). "The Last Minority Group to Find a Voice". IPSNews.net. Inter Press Service News Agency. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2010.

macmillandictionary.com

"American Pronunciation of albino". Macmillan Dictionary. 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

medlineplus.gov

Haldeman-Englert, Chad (6 November 2017). "Sex-linked recessive". The ADAM Medical Encyclopedia. Bethesda, Maryland / Atlanta, Georgia, US: U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health / Ebix Inc. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Boissy, Raymond E. (21 July 2016). James, William D.; et al. (eds.). "Dermatologic Manifestations of Albinism". Medscape. eMedicine / WebMD. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Ingber, Sasha; Martin, Jacquelyn (27 January 2013). "Pictures: Inside the Lives of Albinos in Tanzania". National Geographic News. Washington DC: National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

news-medical.net

"Albinism causes". News-Medical.net. 20 March 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kaplan, J.; De Domenico, I.; Ward, D. M. (2008). "Chediak-Higashi syndrome". Current Opinion in Hematology. 15 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f2bcce. PMID 18043242. S2CID 43243529.
Tietz, W. (1963). "A Syndrome of Deaf-Mutism Associated with Albinism Showing Dominant Autosomal Inheritance". American Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (3): 259–264. PMC 1932384. PMID 13985019.
Kruijt, Bastiaan; Franssen, Luuk; Prick, Liesbeth J. J. M.; Van Vliet, Johannes M. J.; Van Den Berg, Thomas J. T. P. (2011). "Ocular Straylight in Albinism". Optometry and Vision Science. 88 (5): E585–592. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318212071e. PMID 21358444. S2CID 24992321.
Boissy, R. E.; Zhao, H.; Oetting, W. S.; Austin, L. M.; Wildenberg, S. C.; Boissy, Y. L.; Zhao, Y.; Sturm, R. A.; Hearing, V. J.; King, R. A.; Nordlund, J. J. (1996). "Mutation in and lack of expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melanocytes from an individual with brown oculocutaneous albinism: A new subtype of albinism classified as "OCA3"". American Journal of Human Genetics. 58 (6): 1145–1156. PMC 1915069. PMID 8651291.
Dolinska, M. B.; Kovaleva, E.; Backlund, P.; Wingfield, P. T.; Brooks, B. P.; Sergeev, Y. V. (2014). "Albinism-Causing Mutations in Recombinant Human Tyrosinase Alter Intrinsic Enzymatic Activity". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84494. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984494D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084494. PMC 3879332. PMID 24392141.
Greaves, M. (2014). "Was skin cancer a selective force for black pigmentation in early hominin evolution?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1781): 20132955. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2955. PMC 3953838. PMID 24573849.
Hong, E. S.; Zeeb, H.; Repacholi, M. H. (2006). "Albinism in Africa as a public health issue". BMC Public Health. 6: 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-212. PMC 1584235. PMID 16916463.
Lee, J. (May 2002). "Surgical management of nystagmus". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (5): 238–241. doi:10.1177/014107680209500506. PMC 1279676. PMID 11983764.
Gronskov, K.; Ek, J.; Brondum-Nielsen, K. (2 November 2007). "Oculocutaneous albinism". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2: 43. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-43. PMC 2211462. PMID 17980020.
Yi, Z.; Garrison, N.; Cohen-Barak, O.; Karafet, T. M.; King, R. A.; Erickson, R. P.; Hammer, M. F.; Brilliant, M. H. (January 2003). "A 122.5-kilobase deletion of the P gene underlies the high prevalence of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 in the Navajo population". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1086/345380. PMC 420013. PMID 12469324.
Hedrick, Philip W. (June 2003). "Hopi Indians, cultural selection, and albinism". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 121 (2): 151–156. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10180. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 12740958.
Magna, P. (January 2014). "Biology and genetics of Oculocutaneous albinism and vitiligo-common pigmentation disorders in Southern Africa". South African Medical Journal. 103 (1): 984–988. doi:10.7196/samj.7046 (inactive 1 November 2024). PMID 24300644.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Tietz, W. (1963). "A Syndrome of Deaf-Mutism Associated with Albinism Showing Dominant Autosomal Inheritance". American Journal of Human Genetics. 15 (3): 259–264. PMC 1932384. PMID 13985019.
Boissy, R. E.; Zhao, H.; Oetting, W. S.; Austin, L. M.; Wildenberg, S. C.; Boissy, Y. L.; Zhao, Y.; Sturm, R. A.; Hearing, V. J.; King, R. A.; Nordlund, J. J. (1996). "Mutation in and lack of expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) in melanocytes from an individual with brown oculocutaneous albinism: A new subtype of albinism classified as "OCA3"". American Journal of Human Genetics. 58 (6): 1145–1156. PMC 1915069. PMID 8651291.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, at Johns Hopkins University (see also Mendelian Inheritance in Man for more information about this source).
Dolinska, M. B.; Kovaleva, E.; Backlund, P.; Wingfield, P. T.; Brooks, B. P.; Sergeev, Y. V. (2014). "Albinism-Causing Mutations in Recombinant Human Tyrosinase Alter Intrinsic Enzymatic Activity". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84494. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984494D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084494. PMC 3879332. PMID 24392141.
Greaves, M. (2014). "Was skin cancer a selective force for black pigmentation in early hominin evolution?". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281 (1781): 20132955. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.2955. PMC 3953838. PMID 24573849.
Hong, E. S.; Zeeb, H.; Repacholi, M. H. (2006). "Albinism in Africa as a public health issue". BMC Public Health. 6: 212. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-212. PMC 1584235. PMID 16916463.
"Albinism (Concept Id: C0001916)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
Lee, J. (May 2002). "Surgical management of nystagmus". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 95 (5): 238–241. doi:10.1177/014107680209500506. PMC 1279676. PMID 11983764.
Owsley, C. (2012). "Driving with bioptic telescopes: organizing a research agenda". Optom Vis Sci. 89 (9): 1249–1256. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e3182678dc8. PMC 3471243.
Gronskov, K.; Ek, J.; Brondum-Nielsen, K. (2 November 2007). "Oculocutaneous albinism". Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2: 43. doi:10.1186/1750-1172-2-43. PMC 2211462. PMID 17980020.
Yi, Z.; Garrison, N.; Cohen-Barak, O.; Karafet, T. M.; King, R. A.; Erickson, R. P.; Hammer, M. F.; Brilliant, M. H. (January 2003). "A 122.5-kilobase deletion of the P gene underlies the high prevalence of oculocutaneous albinism type 2 in the Navajo population". American Journal of Human Genetics. 72 (1): 62–72. doi:10.1086/345380. PMC 420013. PMID 12469324.

ghr.nlm.nih.gov

"oculocutaneous albinism". Genetics Home Reference. Bethesda, Maryland: U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health. October 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2017. This tertiary source reuses information from other sources but does not name them.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jennifer G R Kromberg; Flynn, Kaitlyn A; Kerr, Robyn A (13 July 2023). "Determining a Worldwide Prevalence of Oculocutaneous Albinism: A Systematic Review". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 64 (10). doi:10.1167/iov. Archived from the original on 4 February 2025.

ohchr.org

"Independent Expert on the enjoyment of human rights by persons with albinism". OHCHR.org. Geneva: Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations.

omim.org

"Entry - #606574 - Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Type IV; OCA4 - OMIM". omim.org. Retrieved 5 March 2023.

reference.com

dictionary.reference.com

"albino". Random House Dictionary. 2017. Retrieved 10 November 2017 – via Dictionary.Reference.com.

reviewofoptometry.com

Sowka, Joseph W.; Gurwood, Andrew S.; Kabat, Allan G. (15 April 2009). "Albinism" (PDF). The Handbook of Ocular Disease Management: Supplement to Review of Optometry (11th ed.). New York: Jobson Medical Information. pp. 63A – 65A. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2017 – via ReviewOfOptometry.com.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kaplan, J.; De Domenico, I.; Ward, D. M. (2008). "Chediak-Higashi syndrome". Current Opinion in Hematology. 15 (1): 22–29. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3282f2bcce. PMID 18043242. S2CID 43243529.
Kruijt, Bastiaan; Franssen, Luuk; Prick, Liesbeth J. J. M.; Van Vliet, Johannes M. J.; Van Den Berg, Thomas J. T. P. (2011). "Ocular Straylight in Albinism". Optometry and Vision Science. 88 (5): E585–592. doi:10.1097/OPX.0b013e318212071e. PMID 21358444. S2CID 24992321.

southern-africas-children.org.uk

"Ukerewe Albino Society". Southern Africa's Children. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 21 July 2010.

theguardian.com

"A friend killed, and inquiries shelved: life fighting the stigma of albinism in Malawi". The Guardian. 22 April 2025.

umn.edu

albinism.med.umn.edu

King, Richard; Summers, C. Gail; Haefemeyer, James W.; LeRoy, Bonnie (2004). "Facts About Albinism". Albinism.Med.UMN.edu. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2017.

un.org

"International Albinism Awareness Day". Un.org. Retrieved 25 June 2025.

voanews.com

"Albinism Community in Malawi Demands an End to Attacks". VOA News. 10 July 2023.
"Malawi Court Convicts 12 People in Albino Attack". VOA News. 3 May 2022.
"UN Official: People With Albinism Risk 'Extinction' in Malawi". VOA News. 4 May 2016.
"Malawi Police Welcomes Country's First Albino Officers". VOA News. 25 August 2022.

web.archive.org

"Information Bulletin – Ocular Albinism". National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 11 March 2017.
Sowka, Joseph W.; Gurwood, Andrew S.; Kabat, Allan G. (15 April 2009). "Albinism" (PDF). The Handbook of Ocular Disease Management: Supplement to Review of Optometry (11th ed.). New York: Jobson Medical Information. pp. 63A – 65A. Archived (PDF) from the original on 24 August 2015. Retrieved 10 November 2017 – via ReviewOfOptometry.com.
King, Richard; Summers, C. Gail; Haefemeyer, James W.; LeRoy, Bonnie (2004). "Facts About Albinism". Albinism.Med.UMN.edu. University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Anon (7 January 2015). "World Albinism Alliance". WAA. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.
Jennifer G R Kromberg; Flynn, Kaitlyn A; Kerr, Robyn A (13 July 2023). "Determining a Worldwide Prevalence of Oculocutaneous Albinism: A Systematic Review". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 64 (10). doi:10.1167/iov. Archived from the original on 4 February 2025.
Vogel, Franck (August 2010). "Zeru, Zeru: Being Albino in Tanzania". Visura Magazine. No. 10. Westford, Vermont: Foto Visura. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Ingber, Sasha; Martin, Jacquelyn (27 January 2013). "Pictures: Inside the Lives of Albinos in Tanzania". National Geographic News. Washington DC: National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 27 January 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2017.
Machipisa, Lewis (25 November 2002). "The Last Minority Group to Find a Voice". IPSNews.net. Inter Press Service News Agency. Archived from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2010.

wired.com

Pardes, Arielle (20 July 2017). "The Wearables Giving Computer Vision to the Blind". Wired. Condé Nast. Retrieved 8 September 2017.

worldalbinism.org

Anon (7 January 2015). "World Albinism Alliance". WAA. Archived from the original on 27 July 2018. Retrieved 27 July 2018.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Hedrick, Philip W. (June 2003). "Hopi Indians, cultural selection, and albinism". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 121 (2): 151–156. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10180. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 12740958.

youtube.com

Tanzanians with albinism targeted for witchcraft. UNICEF. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2017 – via YouTube.