Alcatraz Island (English Wikipedia)

"History: Military Fortress". Alcatrazcruises.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"GGNRA is one of the Largest Urban Parks in the World". Hornblower. October 9, 2018. Retrieved March 7, 2019.

alcatrazgardens.org

"Cultural Landscapes Inventory – Alcatraz Island – Golden Gate National Recreation Area" (PDF). National Park Service. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2016.

alcatrazhistory.com

"The History of Alcatraz Island". Alcatrazhistory.com. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"For Desperate or Irredeemable Types United States Federal Penitentiary Alcatraz". A History of Alcatraz Island, 1847–1972, Historic Resources Study. Retrieved September 6, 2012.
"Alcatraz Escape Attempts". Alcatrazhistory.com. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Ocean View Publishing Company. "A Brief History of Alcatraz, p. 5". Alcatrazhistory.com. Retrieved July 18, 2012.

archive.org

Odier, Odier (1982). The Rock: A History of Alcatraz: The Fort/The Prison. L'Image Odier. ISBN 0-9611632-0-8.
Full text of "The expeditions of John Charles Frémont". Urbana, University of Illinois Press. ISBN 9780252000867. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Oliver, Marilyn Tower (1998). Alcatraz Prison in American History. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers Inc. p. 9. ISBN 0-89490-990-8.

bbc.co.uk

"h2g2 – Alcatraz, San Francisco, California, USA". BBC. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

binghamton.edu

Brhel, John. "High-tech laser scans uncover hidden military traverse at Alcatraz Island". News – Binghamton University. Retrieved March 5, 2020.

books-about-california.com

"The March of Portolá and the Log of the San Carlos – Zoeth S. Eldredge & E. J. Molera – Log of the San Carlos". Books-about-california.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

books.google.com

The Rock (1915). "A Brief History of the Island of Alcatraz". The Rock. 1 (January). Improvement Fund, Pacific Branch United States Disciplinary Barracks, Alcatraz, California: 3.
LSA Associates, Inc. (July 9, 1993). Alcatraz Development Concept Plan and Environmental Assessment. Richmond, CA. p. 10. Retrieved October 11, 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

bop.gov

"BOP: Alcatraz". Bop.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"Alcatraz Origins". Federal Bureau of Prisons. March 11, 1016. Retrieved February 7, 2019. much damage occurred (graffiti, vandalism, and a fire that destroyed the lighthouse keeper's home, the Warden's home, and the Officers' Club)

britannica.com

"Alcatraz Island". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.

csulb.edu

Alcatraz Island Archived September 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, California State University Long Beach

doi.org

Janssen, Volker (August 2010). "Alcatraz: The Gangster Years. By David Ward with Gene Kassebaum. (Berkeley, University of California Press, 2009. 224 pp.) Hard Time at Tehachapi: California's First Women's Prison. By Kathleen Cairns. (Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2009. 584 pp.)". Pacific Historical Review. 79 (3): 471–474. doi:10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.471. ISSN 0030-8684.

ghostarchive.org

"This Is An Alcatraz Documentary (Part 1)". Narrated by Howard Duff. 1971. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Occupation of Alcatraz, 11-29-1969. YouTube. November 27, 2008. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021.

history.com

Klein, Christopher. "10 Things You May Not Know About Alcatraz". History.com. Retrieved February 16, 2020.

kqed.org

ww2.kqed.org

Levi, Ryan. "Alcatraz Displays Irrational Numbers & Irrationally Long Prison Sentences". KQED.ORG. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.

ljworld.com

www2.ljworld.com

Locke, Michelle (February 2, 2008). "LJWorld.com / Activist wants to transform Alcatraz into global peace center". .ljworld.com. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

militarymuseum.org

"Historic Posts, Camps, Stations and Airfields: Post at Alcatraz Island". Militarymuseum.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

nationalmap.gov

edits.nationalmap.gov

"Alcatraz Island". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior.

nationalpost.com

"Archeologists find hidden tunnels below Alcatraz prison". National Post. March 6, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.

nativenewsonline.net

"Hundreds Will Gather on Alcatraz Island for Annual Indigenous Peoples Sunrise Ceremony". Native News Online. November 24, 2021. Retrieved August 14, 2022.

nbc11.com

"Elections and Results | KNTV Bay Area". NBC 11. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

newspapers.com

Kamstra, Jerry (December 7, 1969). "The Grim Plight of the .... (pt. 1)". The San Francisco Examiner & Chronicle. San Francisco, California. p. 22. Retrieved August 12, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

nps.gov

"Alcatraz Island – History & Culture (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov. March 27, 2010. Archived from the original on February 28, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"Alcatraz-World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary". Nps.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"Civil War at Alcatraz". National Park Service. March 19, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2019. the army continued to work on Alcatraz throughout 1860 and 1861, expanding and improving the island's existing fortifications. The military also used the island as a training ground for soldiers. New troops continually arrived on the island, underwent training, and departed for other assignments. With many new enlistees, the military personnel on Alcatraz increased to over 350 by the end of April 1861. The army slowly increased the number of men assigned to Alcatraz throughout the Civil War, reaching a high point of 433 men in early 1865. The army shipped most of these soldiers out to the Southwestern frontier; however, some were sent to battlefields in the East.
"Creation of Golden Gate National Recreation Area - Golden Gate National Recreation Area (U.S. National Park Service)".
"Alcatraz Island Historic Preservation and Safety Construction Program EIS". National Park Service. October 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2006.
"Directions". National Park Service. January 7, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019.
"@Large Ai Weiwei on Alcatraz". NPS.GOV.

npgallery.nps.gov

"National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
Stephen A. Haller (April 15, 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: Alcatraz Island / La Isla de los Alcatraces / Fort Alcatraz / The Post at Alcatraz / Pacific Branch, U.S. Military Prison / U.S. Disciplinary Barracks, Alcatraz Island / United States Penitentiary ad Alcatraz Island" (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved June 21, 2009. and Accompanying 18 photos, exterior and interior, from 1985, 1980, and undated. (4.03 MB)

tps.cr.nps.gov

"Alcatraz Island". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.

nytimes.com

Gyarkye, Lovia (July 8, 2020). "'Ai Weiwei: Yours Truly' Review: On the Irony of Personal Freedom". The New York Times.

oursausalito.com

"Alcatraz Indigenous People's Sunrise Gathering Thanksgiving 2022". OurSausalito.com. Retrieved August 14, 2022.

pacific.edu

scholarlycommons.pacific.edu

"Public Proposals for Alcatraz Island, 1963–1976". scholarlycommons.pacific.edu. Retrieved February 14, 2021.

researchgate.net

"The fate of the historic fortifications at Alcatraz island based on terrestrial laser scans and ground-penetrating radar interpretations from the recreation yard". Near Surface Geophysics. January 14, 2019. Retrieved March 7, 2019. Alcatraz is less known in its former military role as a 19th-century coastal fortification protecting the interests of a rapidly westward-expanding nation during the turbulent era of Manifest Destiny, the 1849 Gold Rush and the Civil War. The fortification, with its underground ammunition magazines and tunnels, is important from a military history perspective, marking the transition to earthen structures from the traditional brick and masonry constructions that characterized earlier 19th-century coastal defences.

reuters.com

"Voters consider changing Alcatraz to peace center". Reuters. February 4, 2008.

sfgate.com

Andrews, David (January 31, 2017). "'Hung Out to Dry': New Alcatraz art exhibit examines prison industrial complex". SFGATE.COM.

sfweekly.com

Schneider, Benjamin (March 10, 2021). "Alcatraz to Welcome Back Visitors". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.

web.archive.org

"Alcatraz Island". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
"The March of Portolá and the Log of the San Carlos – Zoeth S. Eldredge & E. J. Molera – Log of the San Carlos". Books-about-california.com. Archived from the original on February 13, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"History: Military Fortress". Alcatrazcruises.com. Archived from the original on November 19, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"BOP: Alcatraz". Bop.gov. Archived from the original on January 9, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"Alcatraz Island – History & Culture (U.S. National Park Service)". Nps.gov. March 27, 2010. Archived from the original on February 28, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
"Historic Posts, Camps, Stations and Airfields: Post at Alcatraz Island". Militarymuseum.org. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Alcatraz Island Archived September 23, 2006, at the Wayback Machine, California State University Long Beach
"Alcatraz Island Historic Preservation and Safety Construction Program EIS". National Park Service. October 2001. Archived from the original on October 15, 2006.
"Cultural Landscapes Inventory – Alcatraz Island – Golden Gate National Recreation Area" (PDF). National Park Service. 2005. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 6, 2016.
Schneider, Benjamin (March 10, 2021). "Alcatraz to Welcome Back Visitors". SF Weekly. Archived from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved March 12, 2021.
Levi, Ryan. "Alcatraz Displays Irrational Numbers & Irrationally Long Prison Sentences". KQED.ORG. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved March 21, 2017.

worldcat.org

Janssen, Volker (August 2010). "Alcatraz: The Gangster Years. By David Ward with Gene Kassebaum. (Berkeley, University of California Press, 2009. 224 pp.) Hard Time at Tehachapi: California's First Women's Prison. By Kathleen Cairns. (Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press, 2009. 584 pp.)". Pacific Historical Review. 79 (3): 471–474. doi:10.1525/phr.2010.79.3.471. ISSN 0030-8684.

youtube.com

"This Is An Alcatraz Documentary (Part 1)". Narrated by Howard Duff. 1971. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
Occupation of Alcatraz, 11-29-1969. YouTube. November 27, 2008. Archived from the original on October 29, 2021.