Alchemy (English Wikipedia)

Kahn 1994, pp. XIX, 41; Mandosio 2004, p. 683; Caiazzo 2004, pp. 700–703; Colinet 1995. Kahn, Didier (1994). La table d'émeraude et sa tradition alchimique [The Emerald Tablet and Its Alchemical Tradition] (in French). Paris: Les Belles Lettres. ISBN 9782251470054. Mandosio, Jean-Marc (2004). "La Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino, I. La Tabula smaragdina e i suoi commentari medievali" [The Tabula Smaragdina in the Latin Middle Ages, I. The Tabula Smaragdina and Its Medieval Commentaries]. In Lucentini, P.; Parri, I.; Perrone Compagni, V. (eds.). La tradizione ermetica dal mondo tardo-antico all'umanesimo. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Napoli, 20–24 novembre 2001 [Hermetism from Late Antiquity to Humanism]. Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia (in Italian). Vol. 40. Brepols. pp. 681–696. doi:10.1484/M.IPM-EB.4.00121. ISBN 978-2-503-51616-5. Caiazzo, Irene (2004). "La Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino, II. Note sulla fortuna della Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino" [The Tabula Smaragdina in the Latin Middle Ages, II. Notes on the Fortunes of the *Tabula Smaragdina* in the Latin Middle Ages]. In Lucentini, P.; Parri, I.; Perrone Compagni, V. (eds.). La tradizione ermetica dal mondo tardo-antico all'umanesimo. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Napoli, 20–24 novembre 2001 [The Hermetic tradition from the Late Antique world to Humanism. Proceedings of the International Conference of Studies, Naples, 20–24 November 2001]. Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia (in Italian). Vol. 40. Brepols. pp. 697–711. doi:10.1484/M.IPM-EB.4.00122. ISBN 978-2-503-51616-5. Colinet, Andrée (1995). "Le livre d'Hermès intitulé Liber dabessi ou Liber rebis" [The book of Hermes titled Liber dabessi or Liber rebis]. Studi medievali (in French). 36 (2): 1011–1052.

brill.com (Global: 814^th place; English: 460^th place)

Copenhaver 1992, p. xxxiii; Bull 2018, pp. 2–3. Garth Fowden is somewhat more cautious, noting that our earliest testimonies date to the first century BC (see Fowden 1986, p. 3, note 11). Copenhaver, Brian P. (1992). Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42543-3. Bull, Christian H. (2018). The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World: 186. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004370845. ISBN 978-90-04-37084-5. S2CID 165266222. Fowden, Garth (1986). The Egyptian Hermes: a Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32583-8. OCLC 13333446.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

Gilbert, Robert (9 January 2026). "The chemistry of alchemy". Britannica.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Sacco, Francesco G. (March 2016). "Meredith K. Ray, Daughters of Alchemy: Women and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0-674-50423-3". The British Journal for the History of Science. 49 (1): 122–123. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000078. ISSN 0007-0874. S2CID 146847844. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Pereira, Michela (2018). "Alchemy". In Craig, Edward (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Routledge. doi:10.4324/9780415249126-Q001-1. ISBN 978-0-415-25069-6. Alchemy is the quest for an agent of material perfection, produced through a creative activity (opus), in which humans and nature collaborate. It exists in many cultures (China, India, Islam; in the Western world since Hellenistic times) under different specifications: aiming at the production of gold and/or other perfect substances from baser ones, or of the elixir that prolongs life, or even of life itself. Because of its purpose, the alchemists' quest is always strictly linked to the religious doctrine of redemption current in each civilization where alchemy is practised.
In the Western world alchemy presented itself at its advent as a sacred art. But when, after a long detour via Byzantium and Islamic culture, it came back again to Europe in the twelfth century, adepts designated themselves philosophers. Since then alchemy has confronted natural philosophy for several centuries.
Newman, William R.; Mauskopf, Seymour H.; Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). "Chemical Knowledge in the Early Modern World". Osiris. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1086/678110. ISSN 0369-7827. PMID 26103744. S2CID 29035688. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Dufault, Olivier (2015). "Transmutation Theory in the Greek Alchemical Corpus". Ambix. 62 (3): 215–244. doi:10.1179/1745823415Y.0000000003. PMID 26307909. S2CID 10823051. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022.
Copenhaver 1992, p. xxxiii; Bull 2018, pp. 2–3. Garth Fowden is somewhat more cautious, noting that our earliest testimonies date to the first century BC (see Fowden 1986, p. 3, note 11). Copenhaver, Brian P. (1992). Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42543-3. Bull, Christian H. (2018). The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World: 186. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004370845. ISBN 978-90-04-37084-5. S2CID 165266222. Fowden, Garth (1986). The Egyptian Hermes: a Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32583-8. OCLC 13333446.
Van Bladel 2009, p. 17. Van Bladel, Kevin (2009). The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376135.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-537613-5.
Kraus 1943, pp. 274–275; Weisser 1980, p. 46. Kraus, Paul (1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam: Jābir and Greek Science Jâbir et la science grecque [Jābir ibn Ḥayyān: Contribution to the History of Scientific Thought in Islam]. Mémoires de l'Institut d'Égypte (in French). Vol. 45/II. Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. Weisser, Ursula (1980). Spies, Otto (ed.). Das "Buch über das Geheimnis der Schöpfung" von Pseudo-Apollonios von Tyana ["The Book on the Secret of Creation" by Pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana]. Berlin: De Gruyter. doi:10.1515/9783110866933. ISBN 978-3-11-086693-3.
Kahn 1994, pp. XIX, 41; Mandosio 2004, p. 683; Caiazzo 2004, pp. 700–703; Colinet 1995. Kahn, Didier (1994). La table d'émeraude et sa tradition alchimique [The Emerald Tablet and Its Alchemical Tradition] (in French). Paris: Les Belles Lettres. ISBN 9782251470054. Mandosio, Jean-Marc (2004). "La Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino, I. La Tabula smaragdina e i suoi commentari medievali" [The Tabula Smaragdina in the Latin Middle Ages, I. The Tabula Smaragdina and Its Medieval Commentaries]. In Lucentini, P.; Parri, I.; Perrone Compagni, V. (eds.). La tradizione ermetica dal mondo tardo-antico all'umanesimo. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Napoli, 20–24 novembre 2001 [Hermetism from Late Antiquity to Humanism]. Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia (in Italian). Vol. 40. Brepols. pp. 681–696. doi:10.1484/M.IPM-EB.4.00121. ISBN 978-2-503-51616-5. Caiazzo, Irene (2004). "La Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino, II. Note sulla fortuna della Tabula smaragdina nel Medioevo latino" [The Tabula Smaragdina in the Latin Middle Ages, II. Notes on the Fortunes of the *Tabula Smaragdina* in the Latin Middle Ages]. In Lucentini, P.; Parri, I.; Perrone Compagni, V. (eds.). La tradizione ermetica dal mondo tardo-antico all'umanesimo. Atti del Convegno internazionale di studi, Napoli, 20–24 novembre 2001 [The Hermetic tradition from the Late Antique world to Humanism. Proceedings of the International Conference of Studies, Naples, 20–24 November 2001]. Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia (in Italian). Vol. 40. Brepols. pp. 697–711. doi:10.1484/M.IPM-EB.4.00122. ISBN 978-2-503-51616-5. Colinet, Andrée (1995). "Le livre d'Hermès intitulé Liber dabessi ou Liber rebis" [The book of Hermes titled Liber dabessi or Liber rebis]. Studi medievali (in French). 36 (2): 1011–1052.
Olivelle, Patrick (31 January 2013). "Introduction". King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India. Oxford University Press. pp. 1–60. doi:10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199891825.003.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-989182-5.
Wujastyk, Dominik (1984). "An Alchemical Ghost: The Rasaratnākara of Nāgarjuna". Ambix. 31 (2): 70–83. doi:10.1179/amb.1984.31.2.70. PMID 11615977. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
White, David Gordon (2011). "Rasāyana (Alchemy)". Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0046. Archived from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Marmura ME (1965). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr". Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. JSTOR 2851429.
Speziale 2019 Speziale, Fabrizio (2019). "Rasāyana and Rasaśāstra in the Persian Medical Culture of South Asia". History of Science in South Asia. 7: 1–41. doi:10.18732/hssa.v7i0.40. S2CID 166469086.
Pregadio, Fabrizio (2021). "The Alchemical Body in Daoism". Journal of Daoist Studies. 14 (14): 99–127. doi:10.1353/dao.2021.0003. ISSN 1941-5524. S2CID 228176118.
Zhao, Meiling; Li, Yi; Wang, Zhang (2 March 2022). "Mercury and Mercury-Containing Preparations: History of Use, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics in Traditional Chinese Medicine". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13 807807. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.807807. PMC 8924441. PMID 35308204.
Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
Principe, Lawrence M (2011). "Alchemy Restored". Isis. 102 (2): 305–12. doi:10.1086/660139. PMID 21874690. S2CID 23581980.
Boschiero, Luciano (1 July 2017). "The secret lives of women". Metascience. 26 (2): 199–200. doi:10.1007/s11016-016-0144-z. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 151860901.
Sacco, Francesco G. (March 2016). "Meredith K. Ray, Daughters of Alchemy: Women and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0-674-50423-3". The British Journal for the History of Science. 49 (1): 122–123. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000078. ISSN 0007-0874. S2CID 146847844. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Roos, Anna Marie (2013). "The experimental approach towards a historiography of alchemy (reviewing L. M. Principe, the Secrets of Alchemy)". Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences. 44 (4): 787–789. doi:10.1016/j.shpsc.2013.08.001.
Szönyi, György E. (1 December 2012). ""Contending with the Fretful Element": Shakespeare and the (Gendered) Great Chain of Being". Gender Studies (in German). 11 (1): 1–22. doi:10.2478/v10320-012-0025-6. S2CID 143130101.
"Alchemy and Music". Nature. 135 (3423): 967–968. 1 June 1935. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..967.. doi:10.1038/135967a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
Aleklett, K.; Morrissey, D. J.; Loveland, W.; McGaughey, P. L.; Seaborg, G. T. (1 March 1981). "Energy dependence of ²⁰⁹Bi fragmentation in relativistic nuclear collisions". Physical Review C. 23 (3): 1044–1046. Bibcode:1981PhRvC..23.1044A. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.23.1044.

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Clement, Stromata, vi. 4.

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Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
The title of the τελευταὶα ἀποχή is traditionally translated as the "Final Count". Considering that the treatise does not mention any count nor counting and that it makes a case against the use of sacrifice in the practice of alchemy, a preferable translation would be "the Final Abstinence". See Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. pp. 127–131. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. pp. 118–141. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.

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Dufault, Olivier (2015). "Transmutation Theory in the Greek Alchemical Corpus". Ambix. 62 (3): 215–244. doi:10.1179/1745823415Y.0000000003. PMID 26307909. S2CID 10823051. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022.

hcommons.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Dufault, Olivier (2015). "Transmutation Theory in the Greek Alchemical Corpus". Ambix. 62 (3): 215–244. doi:10.1179/1745823415Y.0000000003. PMID 26307909. S2CID 10823051. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022.
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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Marmura ME (1965). "An Introduction to Islamic Cosmological Doctrines: Conceptions of Nature and Methods Used for Its Study by the Ikhwan Al-Safa'an, Al-Biruni, and Ibn Sina by Seyyed Hossein Nasr". Speculum. 40 (4): 744–746. doi:10.2307/2851429. JSTOR 2851429.

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"Alchemy and Music". Nature. 135 (3423): 967–968. 1 June 1935. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..967.. doi:10.1038/135967a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

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pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Newman, William R.; Mauskopf, Seymour H.; Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). "Chemical Knowledge in the Early Modern World". Osiris. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1086/678110. ISSN 0369-7827. PMID 26103744. S2CID 29035688. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Dufault, Olivier (2015). "Transmutation Theory in the Greek Alchemical Corpus". Ambix. 62 (3): 215–244. doi:10.1179/1745823415Y.0000000003. PMID 26307909. S2CID 10823051. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022.
Wujastyk, Dominik (1984). "An Alchemical Ghost: The Rasaratnākara of Nāgarjuna". Ambix. 31 (2): 70–83. doi:10.1179/amb.1984.31.2.70. PMID 11615977. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
Zhao, Meiling; Li, Yi; Wang, Zhang (2 March 2022). "Mercury and Mercury-Containing Preparations: History of Use, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics in Traditional Chinese Medicine". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13 807807. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.807807. PMC 8924441. PMID 35308204.
Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
Principe, Lawrence M (2011). "Alchemy Restored". Isis. 102 (2): 305–12. doi:10.1086/660139. PMID 21874690. S2CID 23581980.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Zhao, Meiling; Li, Yi; Wang, Zhang (2 March 2022). "Mercury and Mercury-Containing Preparations: History of Use, Clinical Applications, Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics in Traditional Chinese Medicine". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 13 807807. doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.807807. PMC 8924441. PMID 35308204.

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Newman, William R.; Mauskopf, Seymour H.; Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). "Chemical Knowledge in the Early Modern World". Osiris. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1086/678110. ISSN 0369-7827. PMID 26103744. S2CID 29035688. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Dufault, Olivier (2015). "Transmutation Theory in the Greek Alchemical Corpus". Ambix. 62 (3): 215–244. doi:10.1179/1745823415Y.0000000003. PMID 26307909. S2CID 10823051. Archived from the original on 9 October 2022.
Copenhaver 1992, p. xxxiii; Bull 2018, pp. 2–3. Garth Fowden is somewhat more cautious, noting that our earliest testimonies date to the first century BC (see Fowden 1986, p. 3, note 11). Copenhaver, Brian P. (1992). Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42543-3. Bull, Christian H. (2018). The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World: 186. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004370845. ISBN 978-90-04-37084-5. S2CID 165266222. Fowden, Garth (1986). The Egyptian Hermes: a Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32583-8. OCLC 13333446.
Speziale 2019 Speziale, Fabrizio (2019). "Rasāyana and Rasaśāstra in the Persian Medical Culture of South Asia". History of Science in South Asia. 7: 1–41. doi:10.18732/hssa.v7i0.40. S2CID 166469086.
Pregadio, Fabrizio (2021). "The Alchemical Body in Daoism". Journal of Daoist Studies. 14 (14): 99–127. doi:10.1353/dao.2021.0003. ISSN 1941-5524. S2CID 228176118.
Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
Principe, Lawrence M (2011). "Alchemy Restored". Isis. 102 (2): 305–12. doi:10.1086/660139. PMID 21874690. S2CID 23581980.
Boschiero, Luciano (1 July 2017). "The secret lives of women". Metascience. 26 (2): 199–200. doi:10.1007/s11016-016-0144-z. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 151860901.
Sacco, Francesco G. (March 2016). "Meredith K. Ray, Daughters of Alchemy: Women and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0-674-50423-3". The British Journal for the History of Science. 49 (1): 122–123. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000078. ISSN 0007-0874. S2CID 146847844. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
Szönyi, György E. (1 December 2012). ""Contending with the Fretful Element": Shakespeare and the (Gendered) Great Chain of Being". Gender Studies (in German). 11 (1): 1–22. doi:10.2478/v10320-012-0025-6. S2CID 143130101.

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Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.

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Van Bladel 2009, p. 17. Van Bladel, Kevin (2009). The Arabic Hermes: From Pagan Sage to Prophet of Science. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195376135.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-537613-5.

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"Monas hieroglyphica is not a traditional alchemical work, but has important theoretical insights about a cosmic vision, in which alchemy played an important part."Szőnyi, György E. (2015). "'Layers of Meaning in Alchemy in John Dee's Monas hieroglyphica and its Relevance in a Central European Context'" (PDF). Centre for Renaissance Texts, 2015, 118. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.

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"Alchemy". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 18 August 2007. Retrieved 21 August 2007.
Newman, William R.; Mauskopf, Seymour H.; Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). "Chemical Knowledge in the Early Modern World". Osiris. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1086/678110. ISSN 0369-7827. PMID 26103744. S2CID 29035688. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940). A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Archived from the original on 12 November 2019. Retrieved 23 February 2021; "alchemy". Oxford Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on 23 December 2016. Retrieved 30 September 2018.
"Greek Word Study Tool". perseus.tufts.edu. Archived from the original on 7 November 2020. Retrieved 14 February 2020.
Grimes, Shannon (2018). Becoming Gold. Auckland: Rubedo Press. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
The title of the τελευταὶα ἀποχή is traditionally translated as the "Final Count". Considering that the treatise does not mention any count nor counting and that it makes a case against the use of sacrifice in the practice of alchemy, a preferable translation would be "the Final Abstinence". See Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. pp. 127–131. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
Dufault, Olivier (2019). Early Greek Alchemy, Patronage and Innovation. Berkeley: California Classical Studies. pp. 118–141. ISBN 978-1-939926-12-8. Archived from the original on 12 February 2020. Retrieved 12 February 2020.
Roberts, Alexandre M. (2019). "Framing a Middle Byzantine Alchemical Codex". Dumbarton Oaks Papers. 73: 69–70. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
Wujastyk, Dominik (1984). "An Alchemical Ghost: The Rasaratnākara of Nāgarjuna". Ambix. 31 (2): 70–83. doi:10.1179/amb.1984.31.2.70. PMID 11615977. Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
White, David Gordon (2011). "Rasāyana (Alchemy)". Oxford Bibliographies Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780195399318-0046. Archived from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
Kraus, Paul, Jâbir ibn Hayyân, Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque,. Cairo (1942–1943). Repr. By Fuat Sezgin, (Natural Sciences in Islam. 67–68), Frankfurt. 2002: (cf. Ahmad Y Hassan. "A Critical Reassessment of the Geber Problem: Part Three". Archived from the original on 28 May 2014. Retrieved 16 September 2014.)
Saliba, George (2008). ""China and Islamic Civilization: Exchange of Techniques and Scientific Ideas"" (PDF). American University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
"Monas hieroglyphica is not a traditional alchemical work, but has important theoretical insights about a cosmic vision, in which alchemy played an important part."Szőnyi, György E. (2015). "'Layers of Meaning in Alchemy in John Dee's Monas hieroglyphica and its Relevance in a Central European Context'" (PDF). Centre for Renaissance Texts, 2015, 118. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
Sacco, Francesco G. (March 2016). "Meredith K. Ray, Daughters of Alchemy: Women and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0-674-50423-3". The British Journal for the History of Science. 49 (1): 122–123. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000078. ISSN 0007-0874. S2CID 146847844. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
"Exeter Centre for the Study of Esotericism. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Exeter, UK". University of Exeter. Archived from the original on 14 August 2011. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
Richard Conniff. "Alchemy May Not Have Been the Pseudoscience We All Thought It Was." Smithsonian Magazine. Archived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine February 2014.
"Alchemy and Music". Nature. 135 (3423): 967–968. 1 June 1935. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..967.. doi:10.1038/135967a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

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Keyser, Paul T. (1990). "Alchemy in the Ancient World: From Science to Magic". Illinois Classical Studies. 15 (2): 353–378. hdl:2142/12197. ISSN 0363-1923.
Newman, William R.; Mauskopf, Seymour H.; Eddy, Matthew Daniel (2014). "Chemical Knowledge in the Early Modern World". Osiris. 29: 1–15. doi:10.1086/678110. ISSN 0369-7827. PMID 26103744. S2CID 29035688. Archived from the original on 30 July 2022. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
Copenhaver 1992, p. xxxiii; Bull 2018, pp. 2–3. Garth Fowden is somewhat more cautious, noting that our earliest testimonies date to the first century BC (see Fowden 1986, p. 3, note 11). Copenhaver, Brian P. (1992). Hermetica: The Greek Corpus Hermeticum and the Latin Asclepius in a New English Translation, with Notes and Introduction. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42543-3. Bull, Christian H. (2018). The Tradition of Hermes Trismegistus: The Egyptian Priestly Figure as a Teacher of Hellenized Wisdom. Religions in the Graeco-Roman World: 186. Brill. doi:10.1163/9789004370845. ISBN 978-90-04-37084-5. S2CID 165266222. Fowden, Garth (1986). The Egyptian Hermes: a Historical Approach to the Late Pagan Mind. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32583-8. OCLC 13333446.
Principe 2013, p. 32; Debus 2004, p. 415; Ruska 1926, pp. 193, 209. Principe, Lawrence M. (2013). The Secrets of Alchemy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-68295-2. Debus, Allen G. (2004). Alchemy and Early Modern Chemistry: Papers from Ambix. Jeremy Mills Publishing. ISBN 9780954648411. Ruska, Julius (1926). Tabula Smaragdina. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der hermetischen Literatur [Tabula Smaragdina: A Contribution to the History of Hermetic Literature] (in German). Heidelberg: Winter. OCLC 6751465.
Pregadio, Fabrizio (2021). "The Alchemical Body in Daoism". Journal of Daoist Studies. 14 (14): 99–127. doi:10.1353/dao.2021.0003. ISSN 1941-5524. S2CID 228176118.
Tarrant, Neil (2018). "Between Aquinas and Eymerich: The Roman Inquisition's Use of Dominican Thought in the Censorship of Alchemy". Ambix. 65 (3): 210–231. doi:10.1080/00026980.2018.1512779. ISSN 0002-6980. PMID 30134775. S2CID 52070616. Archived from the original on 16 December 2022. Retrieved 16 December 2022.
Ray, Meredith K. (2015). Daughters of alchemy: women and scientific culture in early modern Italy. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-42587-3. OCLC 905902839.
Boschiero, Luciano (1 July 2017). "The secret lives of women". Metascience. 26 (2): 199–200. doi:10.1007/s11016-016-0144-z. ISSN 1467-9981. S2CID 151860901.
Sacco, Francesco G. (March 2016). "Meredith K. Ray, Daughters of Alchemy: Women and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015. pp. 291. ISBN 978-0-674-50423-3". The British Journal for the History of Science. 49 (1): 122–123. doi:10.1017/S0007087416000078. ISSN 0007-0874. S2CID 146847844. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
"Alchemy and Music". Nature. 135 (3423): 967–968. 1 June 1935. Bibcode:1935Natur.135..967.. doi:10.1038/135967a0. ISSN 1476-4687. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.

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