Alcoholic beverage (English Wikipedia)

Robinson, J., ed. (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 279. ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2.
Jancis Robinson (2006). The Oxford Companion to Wine (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2. See alcoholic strength at p. 10.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Whisky hangover 'worse than vodka, study suggests'". BBC News. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2009.

bbc.com

"'World's oldest brewery' found in cave in Israel, say researchers". BBC News. 15 September 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2021.

belfasttelegraph.co.uk

"Cancer warning labels to be included on alcohol in Ireland, minister confirms". Belfast Telegraph. 26 September 2018. Archived from the original on 11 April 2020. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

books.google.com

Brostrom GG, Brostrom JJ (30 December 2008). The Business of Wine: An Encyclopedia: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 6–. ISBN 978-0-313-35401-4.
Forbes, Robert James (1970). A Short History of the Art of Distillation: From the Beginnings up to the Death of Cellier Blumenthal. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-00617-1. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
Nelson, Max (2005). The Barbarian's Beverage: A History of Beer in Ancient Europe. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-415-31121-2. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow (2006). The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: alpha and beta subclasses. Springer. p. 169. ISBN 978-0-387-25495-1. Retrieved 29 July 2011.
Parker, Robert M. (2008). Parker's Wine Buyer's Guide, 7th Edition. Simon and Schuster. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4391-3997-4.
Ulbricht CE, ed. (2010). "Apple Cider Vinegar". Natural Standard Herb & Supplement Guide: An Evidence-Based Reference (1st ed.). Elsevier. p. 59. ISBN 978-0-323-07295-3.
Sahagún, Bernardino de; Nicholson, Henry B. (23 March 1997). Primeros Memoriales. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 9780806129099 – via Google Books.

britannica.com

"Distilled spirit/distilled liquor". Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008. Retrieved 5 February 2013.

deacons.net

Code of Canon Law, 1983 Archived 19 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine

discovery.com

dsc.discovery.com

Ancient Mashed Grapes Found in Greece Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Discovery News.

doi.org

Jernigan, D; Ross, CS (March 2020). "The Alcohol Marketing Landscape: Alcohol Industry Size, Structure, Strategies, and Public Health Responses". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement. Sup 19 (Suppl 19): 13–25. doi:10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.13. PMC 7064002. PMID 32079559.
Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; Arian, Nicholas; Zimsen, Stephanie R M.; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Tapp, Austin Douglas; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Salama, Joseph S.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Degu; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Aboyans, Victor; Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi; Acharya, Pawan; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Gina; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akibu, Mohammed; et al. (August 2018). "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". The Lancet. 392 (10152): 1015–1035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. PMC 6148333. PMID 30146330.
McGovern, P.E.; Zhang, J.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Hall, G.R.; Moreau, R.A.; Nunez, A.; Butrym, E.D.; Richards, M.P.; Wang, C.-S.; Cheng, G.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, C. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
McGovern P, Jalabadze M, Batiuk S, Callahan MP, Smith KE, Hall GR, Kvavadze E, Maghradze D, Rusishvili N, Bouby L, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Boaretto E, Bacilieri R, This P, Wales N, Lordkipanidze D (November 2017). "Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (48): E10309–E10318. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11410309M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714728114. PMC 5715782. PMID 29133421.
Edman, Johan (September 2015), "Temperance and Modernity: Alcohol Consumption as a Collective Problem, 1885–1913", Journal of Social History, 49 (1): 20–52, doi:10.1093/jsh/shv029
Mihretie, GN; Kassa, BG; Ayele, AD; Liyeh, TM; Belay, HG; Miskr, AD; Minuye, B; Azanaw, MM; Worke, MD (2023). "Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 18 (6): e0286850. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1886850M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286850. PMC 10249834. PMID 37289839.
Miller, A. P.; Pitpitan, E. V.; Nabukalu, D.; Nalugoda, F.; Nakigozi, G.; Kigozi, G.; Grabowski, M. K.; Kennedy, C. E.; Wagman, J. A. (2021). "Transactional Sex, Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Rakai Region of Uganda". AIDS and Behavior. 25 (4): 1144–1158. doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03069-9. PMC 8807528. PMID 33128109.
Norris, AH; Kitali, AJ; Worby, E (October 2009). "Alcohol and transactional sex: how risky is the mix?". Social Science & Medicine (1982). 69 (8): 1167–1176. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.015. PMID 19713023.
Caton, S.J.; Ball, M; Ahern, A; Hetherington, M.M. (2004). "Dose-dependent effects of alcohol on appetite and food intake". Physiology & Behavior. 81 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.017. PMID 15059684. S2CID 22424908.
Scinska, A; Koros, E; Habrat, B; Kukwa, A; Kostowski, W; Bienkowski, P (2000). "Bitter and sweet components of ethanol taste in humans". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 60 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00149-0. PMID 10940547.
Nakayama, Takeyoshi (September 1959). "Studies on acetic acid-bacteria I. Biochemical studies on ethanol oxidation". The Journal of Biochemistry. 46 (9): 1217–1225. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a127022.
Wansink, Brian; van Ittersum, Koert (2005). "Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: comparative study of effect of practice and concentration". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1512–1514. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1512. PMC 1322248. PMID 16373735.
Kalinowski, A.; Humphreys, K. (13 April 2016). "Governmental standard drink definitions and low-risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries". Addiction. 111 (7): 1293–1298. doi:10.1111/add.13341. PMID 27073140.
Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (January 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x. PMID 17207097.

fairbankslutheran.org

An example of a church that does. See the "Sunday Worship" section on the "Welcome" page.

fifefire.gov.uk

"fifedirect – Licensing & Regulations – Calling Time on Short Measures!". Fifefire.gov.uk. 29 July 2008. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 11 February 2010.

gov.uk

"Acetic acid: general information". GOV.UK. Government Digital Service. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

greatbritishchefs.com

"The history and origins of cider". 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

McGovern, P.E.; Zhang, J.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Hall, G.R.; Moreau, R.A.; Nunez, A.; Butrym, E.D.; Richards, M.P.; Wang, C.-S.; Cheng, G.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, C. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
McGovern P, Jalabadze M, Batiuk S, Callahan MP, Smith KE, Hall GR, Kvavadze E, Maghradze D, Rusishvili N, Bouby L, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Boaretto E, Bacilieri R, This P, Wales N, Lordkipanidze D (November 2017). "Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (48): E10309–E10318. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11410309M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714728114. PMC 5715782. PMID 29133421.
Mihretie, GN; Kassa, BG; Ayele, AD; Liyeh, TM; Belay, HG; Miskr, AD; Minuye, B; Azanaw, MM; Worke, MD (2023). "Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 18 (6): e0286850. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1886850M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286850. PMC 10249834. PMID 37289839.

hsph.harvard.edu

"Vinegar". TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University. 1 October 2019. Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. Retrieved 4 March 2020.

history-science-technology.com

al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources from the 8th Century". Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298. (same content also available on the author's website Archived 29 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine); cf. Berthelot, Marcellin; Houdas, Octave V. (1893). La Chimie au Moyen Âge. Vol. I–III. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. vol. I, pp. 141, 143.

iarc.fr

monographs.iarc.fr

Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs, Volumes 1–111 Archived 25 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine. monographs.iarc.fr

iard.org

"Minimum Legal Age Limits". IARD.org. International Alliance for Responsible Drinking. Archived from the original on 4 May 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2016.

milenio.com

semanal.milenio.com

Villarreal, Hector (5 April 2009). "La Guerra Santa de la Santa Muerte" [The Holy War of Santa Muerte]. Milenio semana (in Spanish). Mexico City: Milenio. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.

nationalgeographic.com

Khan, Gulnaz (24 January 2018). "Meet Maximón: The Liquor-Drinking, Chain-Smoking Saint". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018.

nbcnews.com

Roach, John. "Cheers! Eight ancient drinks uncorked by science". Nbc News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2013.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jernigan, D; Ross, CS (March 2020). "The Alcohol Marketing Landscape: Alcohol Industry Size, Structure, Strategies, and Public Health Responses". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement. Sup 19 (Suppl 19): 13–25. doi:10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.13. PMC 7064002. PMID 32079559.
Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; Arian, Nicholas; Zimsen, Stephanie R M.; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Tapp, Austin Douglas; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Salama, Joseph S.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Degu; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Aboyans, Victor; Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi; Acharya, Pawan; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Gina; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akibu, Mohammed; et al. (August 2018). "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". The Lancet. 392 (10152): 1015–1035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. PMC 6148333. PMID 30146330.
Rosso AM (2012). "Beer and wine in antiquity: beneficial remedy or punishment imposed by the Gods?". Acta medico-historica Adriatica. 10 (2): 237–262. PMID 23560753.
McGovern, P.E.; Zhang, J.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Hall, G.R.; Moreau, R.A.; Nunez, A.; Butrym, E.D.; Richards, M.P.; Wang, C.-S.; Cheng, G.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, C. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
McGovern P, Jalabadze M, Batiuk S, Callahan MP, Smith KE, Hall GR, Kvavadze E, Maghradze D, Rusishvili N, Bouby L, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Boaretto E, Bacilieri R, This P, Wales N, Lordkipanidze D (November 2017). "Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (48): E10309–E10318. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11410309M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714728114. PMC 5715782. PMID 29133421.
Mihretie, GN; Kassa, BG; Ayele, AD; Liyeh, TM; Belay, HG; Miskr, AD; Minuye, B; Azanaw, MM; Worke, MD (2023). "Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 18 (6): e0286850. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1886850M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286850. PMC 10249834. PMID 37289839.
Miller, A. P.; Pitpitan, E. V.; Nabukalu, D.; Nalugoda, F.; Nakigozi, G.; Kigozi, G.; Grabowski, M. K.; Kennedy, C. E.; Wagman, J. A. (2021). "Transactional Sex, Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Rakai Region of Uganda". AIDS and Behavior. 25 (4): 1144–1158. doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03069-9. PMC 8807528. PMID 33128109.
Norris, AH; Kitali, AJ; Worby, E (October 2009). "Alcohol and transactional sex: how risky is the mix?". Social Science & Medicine (1982). 69 (8): 1167–1176. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.07.015. PMID 19713023.
Caton, S.J.; Ball, M; Ahern, A; Hetherington, M.M. (2004). "Dose-dependent effects of alcohol on appetite and food intake". Physiology & Behavior. 81 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.017. PMID 15059684. S2CID 22424908.
Scinska, A; Koros, E; Habrat, B; Kukwa, A; Kostowski, W; Bienkowski, P (2000). "Bitter and sweet components of ethanol taste in humans". Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 60 (2): 199–206. doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00149-0. PMID 10940547.
Wansink, Brian; van Ittersum, Koert (2005). "Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: comparative study of effect of practice and concentration". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1512–1514. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1512. PMC 1322248. PMID 16373735.
Kalinowski, A.; Humphreys, K. (13 April 2016). "Governmental standard drink definitions and low-risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries". Addiction. 111 (7): 1293–1298. doi:10.1111/add.13341. PMID 27073140.
Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (January 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31 (1): 19–27. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x. PMID 17207097.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jernigan, D; Ross, CS (March 2020). "The Alcohol Marketing Landscape: Alcohol Industry Size, Structure, Strategies, and Public Health Responses". Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs. Supplement. Sup 19 (Suppl 19): 13–25. doi:10.15288/jsads.2020.s19.13. PMC 7064002. PMID 32079559.
Griswold, Max G.; Fullman, Nancy; Hawley, Caitlin; Arian, Nicholas; Zimsen, Stephanie R M.; Tymeson, Hayley D.; Venkateswaran, Vidhya; Tapp, Austin Douglas; Forouzanfar, Mohammad H.; Salama, Joseph S.; Abate, Kalkidan Hassen; Abate, Degu; Abay, Solomon M.; Abbafati, Cristiana; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankatchi; Abebe, Zegeye; Aboyans, Victor; Abrar, Mohammed Mehdi; Acharya, Pawan; Adetokunboh, Olatunji O.; Adhikari, Tara Ballav; Adsuar, Jose C.; Afarideh, Mohsen; Agardh, Emilie Elisabet; Agarwal, Gina; Aghayan, Sargis Aghasi; Agrawal, Sutapa; Ahmed, Muktar Beshir; Akibu, Mohammed; et al. (August 2018). "Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016". The Lancet. 392 (10152): 1015–1035. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2. PMC 6148333. PMID 30146330.
McGovern, P.E.; Zhang, J.; Tang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Hall, G.R.; Moreau, R.A.; Nunez, A.; Butrym, E.D.; Richards, M.P.; Wang, C.-S.; Cheng, G.; Zhao, Z.; Wang, C. (2004). "Fermented beverages of pre- and proto-historic China". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (51): 17593–17598. Bibcode:2004PNAS..10117593M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0407921102. PMC 539767. PMID 15590771.
McGovern P, Jalabadze M, Batiuk S, Callahan MP, Smith KE, Hall GR, Kvavadze E, Maghradze D, Rusishvili N, Bouby L, Failla O, Cola G, Mariani L, Boaretto E, Bacilieri R, This P, Wales N, Lordkipanidze D (November 2017). "Early Neolithic wine of Georgia in the South Caucasus". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 114 (48): E10309–E10318. Bibcode:2017PNAS..11410309M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1714728114. PMC 5715782. PMID 29133421.
Mihretie, GN; Kassa, BG; Ayele, AD; Liyeh, TM; Belay, HG; Miskr, AD; Minuye, B; Azanaw, MM; Worke, MD (2023). "Transactional sex among women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 18 (6): e0286850. Bibcode:2023PLoSO..1886850M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286850. PMC 10249834. PMID 37289839.
Miller, A. P.; Pitpitan, E. V.; Nabukalu, D.; Nalugoda, F.; Nakigozi, G.; Kigozi, G.; Grabowski, M. K.; Kennedy, C. E.; Wagman, J. A. (2021). "Transactional Sex, Alcohol Use and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in the Rakai Region of Uganda". AIDS and Behavior. 25 (4): 1144–1158. doi:10.1007/s10461-020-03069-9. PMC 8807528. PMID 33128109.
Wansink, Brian; van Ittersum, Koert (2005). "Shape of glass and amount of alcohol poured: comparative study of effect of practice and concentration". BMJ. 331 (7531): 1512–1514. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1512. PMC 1322248. PMID 16373735.

niaaa.nih.gov

"Alcohol Facts and Statistics". National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. National Institute of Health. August 2018. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 8 October 2018.

nla.gov.au

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ourworldindata.org

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researchgate.net

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semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Caton, S.J.; Ball, M; Ahern, A; Hetherington, M.M. (2004). "Dose-dependent effects of alcohol on appetite and food intake". Physiology & Behavior. 81 (1): 51–58. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2003.12.017. PMID 15059684. S2CID 22424908.

smithsonianmag.com

Zielinski, Sarah (16 September 2011). "The Alcoholics of the Animal World". Smithsonian. Archived from the original on 22 August 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.

steadfastlutherans.org

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Systembolaget.se About Systembolaget Archived 18 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine

theatlantic.com

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thejournal.ie

Finn, Christina. "Irish Cancer Society urges minister not to drop proposed cancer warning labels on alcohol products". TheJournal.ie. Archived from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

udlondres.com

Araujo Peña, Sandra Alejandro; Barbosa Ramírez Marisela; Galván Falcón Susana; García Ortiz Aurea; Uribe Ordaz Carlos. "El culto a la Santa Muerte: un estudio descriptivo" [The Santa Muerte Cult:A descriptive study]. Revista Psichologia (in Spanish). Mexico City: Universidad de Londres. Retrieved 7 October 2009.

umass.edu

scholarworks.umass.edu

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"No level of alcohol consumption is safe for our health". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 12 January 2023.
Roach, John. "Cheers! Eight ancient drinks uncorked by science". Nbc News. Archived from the original on 4 April 2019. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
"The history and origins of cider". 13 February 2019. Archived from the original on 21 June 2021.
"The History of Cider". 25 April 2022. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
Ancient Mashed Grapes Found in Greece Archived 3 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine Discovery News.
al-Hassan, Ahmad Y. (2009). "Alcohol and the Distillation of Wine in Arabic Sources from the 8th Century". Studies in al-Kimya': Critical Issues in Latin and Arabic Alchemy and Chemistry. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag. pp. 283–298. (same content also available on the author's website Archived 29 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine); cf. Berthelot, Marcellin; Houdas, Octave V. (1893). La Chimie au Moyen Âge. Vol. I–III. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. vol. I, pp. 141, 143.
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webmd.com

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