Ale (English Wikipedia)

Leong, Elaine (2017). "Brewing Ale and Boiling Water in 1651". academia.edu. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Harald Bjorvand, 'The Etymology of English Ale', The Journal of Indo-European Studies, 35.1-2 (Spring/Summer 2007), 1-8.

alcoholprofessor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Beer Style Guide: Get to Know Scotch Ale aka Wee Heavy". Alcohol Professor. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

allagash.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Willis, Brett (24 June 2019). "What is a Session Beer?". Allagash Brewing Company. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867^th place; English: 3,957^th place)

Gibson, B.; Dahabieh, M.; Krogerus, K.; Jouhten, P.; Magalhães, F.; Pereira, R.; Siewers, V.; Vidgren, V. (17 January 2020). "Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Ale and Lager Yeasts for Improved Brewing Efficiency and Beer Quality". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology. 11 (23–11): 23–44. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051715. PMID 31951488 – via Annual Review.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2.

beerandbrewing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Brewing, Craft Beer & (22 February 2018). "Brewing with All Kinds of Sugar". www.beerandbrewing.com. Retrieved 19 October 2025.
"The Oxford Companion to Beer Definition of pale ale". Craft Beer & Brewing. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

beerconnoisseur.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"American Amber Ale". The Beer Connoisseur®. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

beermaverick.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"English-Style Summer Ale (Ale) Beer Style Guidelines". Beer Maverick. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"Belgian-Style Table Beer (Ale) Beer Style Guidelines". Beer Maverick. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

bjcp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Beer Judge Certification Program". www.bjcp.org. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Ben McFarland, World's Best Beers: One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass. Sterling Publishing Company. 2009. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-4027-6694-7. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
M. Shafiur Rahman, Handbook of Food Preservation. CRC Press. 2007. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-57444-606-7. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
Accum, Friedrich Christian. A treatise on adulterations of food: and culinary poisons, exhibiting the fraudulent sophistications of bread, beer, wine, spirituous liquors, tea, coffee ... and other articles employed in domestic economy and methods of detecting them. Longman, 1822, pp. 159, 170 read online
Hallam, H. E.; Thirsk, Joan (1988). The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 2, 1042–1350. Cambridge University Press. p. 826. ISBN 978-0521200738. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

brewersassociation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Brewers Association Beer Style Guidelines". Brewers Association. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

byo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sulfur Dioxide in Brewing". Brew Your Own. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

cascadebrewing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Sour Beers 101". Cascade Brewing. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

craftbeer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"English-Style Brown Ale". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"French-Style Biere de Garde". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"Irish-Style Red Beer". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Guido, Luis F. (March–April 2016). "Sulfites in beer: reviewing regulation, analysis and role". Scientia Agricola. 73 (2). Piracicaba: University of São Paulo. doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0290. Retrieved 19 October 2025 – via SciELO.
Gibson, B.; Dahabieh, M.; Krogerus, K.; Jouhten, P.; Magalhães, F.; Pereira, R.; Siewers, V.; Vidgren, V. (17 January 2020). "Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Ale and Lager Yeasts for Improved Brewing Efficiency and Beer Quality". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology. 11 (23–11): 23–44. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051715. PMID 31951488 – via Annual Review.

domesticfits.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Eisenbraun, Jacqueline (6 March 2023). "Dark Beer: Taste, 8 Best Brands + 14 Types". Domestic Fits. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

foodandwine.com (Global: 4,552^nd place; English: 2,527^th place)

"What Is a Barleywine?". Food & Wine. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"What Is a Kölsch Beer and Why Should You Be Drinking One?". Food & Wine. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

mbaa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"O-4. Behavior of hydrogen sulfide during late-stage fermentation". O-4. Behavior of hydrogen sulfide during late-stage fermentation. Retrieved 19 October 2025.

myilibrary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lib.myilibrary.com

Bennett, Judith. Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England. Retrieved 30 October 2012.^{[dead link]}

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gibson, B.; Dahabieh, M.; Krogerus, K.; Jouhten, P.; Magalhães, F.; Pereira, R.; Siewers, V.; Vidgren, V. (17 January 2020). "Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Ale and Lager Yeasts for Improved Brewing Efficiency and Beer Quality". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology. 11 (23–11): 23–44. doi:10.1146/annurev-food-032519-051715. PMID 31951488 – via Annual Review.

oed.com (Global: 360^th place; English: 231^st place)

"Ale, n.", Oxford English Dictionary Online, 3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012). Accessed 28 August 2020.

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 710^th place; English: 648^th place)

"Oxford English Dictionary Online". Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

scielo.br (Global: 1,606^th place; English: 4,312^th place)

Guido, Luis F. (March–April 2016). "Sulfites in beer: reviewing regulation, analysis and role". Scientia Agricola. 73 (2). Piracicaba: University of São Paulo. doi:10.1590/0103-9016-2015-0290. Retrieved 19 October 2025 – via SciELO.

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

artflsrv04.uchicago.edu

Chambers, Ephraim (1741). "Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences 4th ed. Vol. 1". London: D. Midwinter etc. Retrieved 8 March 2025.

ugent.be (Global: 3,695^th place; English: 3,560^th place)

lib.ugent.be

Doorman, Gerard (1955). "De middeleeuwse brouwerij en de gruit /". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Oxford English Dictionary Online". Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.
"Sour Beers 101". Cascade Brewing. Archived from the original on 19 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

wellcomecollection.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

See the recipe for bottle ale in: By several hands (1690). Receipt-Book. Manuscript 4054 (wellcome collection). p. 180.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Food and eating in medieval Europe. Carlin, Martha; Rosenthal, Joel Thomas. London: Hambledon Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8264-1920-0. OCLC 458567668.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Oliver, Garrett (2012). The Oxford Companion to Beer. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 485. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3. OCLC 706025045.

Ale (English Wikipedia)

academia.edu (Global: 121st place; English: 142nd place)

alcoholprofessor.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

allagash.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867th place; English: 3,957th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

beerandbrewing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

beerconnoisseur.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

beermaverick.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

bjcp.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

brewersassociation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

byo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

cascadebrewing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

craftbeer.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

domesticfits.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

foodandwine.com (Global: 4,552nd place; English: 2,527th place)

mbaa.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

myilibrary.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

lib.myilibrary.com

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

oed.com (Global: 360th place; English: 231st place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 710th place; English: 648th place)

scielo.br (Global: 1,606th place; English: 4,312th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230th place; English: 214th place)

artflsrv04.uchicago.edu

ugent.be (Global: 3,695th place; English: 3,560th place)

lib.ugent.be

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

wellcomecollection.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

search.worldcat.org

academia.edu (Global: 121^st place; English: 142^nd place)

annualreviews.org (Global: 3,867^th place; English: 3,957^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

foodandwine.com (Global: 4,552^nd place; English: 2,527^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

oed.com (Global: 360^th place; English: 231^st place)

oxforddictionaries.com (Global: 710^th place; English: 648^th place)

scielo.br (Global: 1,606^th place; English: 4,312^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

ugent.be (Global: 3,695^th place; English: 3,560^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)