Ale (English Wikipedia)

Leong, Elaine (2017). "Brewing Ale and Boiling Water in 1651". academia.edu. Retrieved 28 December 2024.
Harald Bjorvand, 'The Etymology of English Ale', The Journal of Indo-European Studies, 35.1-2 (Spring/Summer 2007), 1-8.

alcoholprofessor.com

"Beer Style Guide: Get to Know Scotch Ale aka Wee Heavy". Alcohol Professor. 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

allagash.com

Willis, Brett (24 June 2019). "What is a Session Beer?". Allagash Brewing Company. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

annualreviews.org

Gibson, B.; Dahabieh, M.; Krogerus, K.; Jouhten, P.; Magalhães, F.; Pereira, R.; Siewers, V.; Vidgren, V. (17 January 2020). "Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Ale and Lager Yeasts for Improved Brewing Efficiency and Beer Quality". Annual Review of Food Science and Technology. 11 (23–11) – via Annual Review.

archive.org

J. P. Mallory; Douglas Q. Adams (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-19-929668-2.

beerandbrewing.com

"The Oxford Companion to Beer Definition of pale ale". Craft Beer & Brewing. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

beerconnoisseur.com

"American Amber Ale". The Beer Connoisseur®. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

beermaverick.com

"English-Style Summer Ale (Ale) Beer Style Guidelines". Beer Maverick. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"Belgian-Style Table Beer (Ale) Beer Style Guidelines". Beer Maverick. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

bjcp.org

"Beer Judge Certification Program". www.bjcp.org. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

books.google.com

Ben McFarland, World's Best Beers: One Thousand Craft Brews from Cask to Glass. Sterling Publishing Company. 2009. p. 271. ISBN 978-1-4027-6694-7. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
M. Shafiur Rahman, Handbook of Food Preservation. CRC Press. 2007. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-57444-606-7. Retrieved 7 August 2010.
Accum, Friedrich Christian. A treatise on adulterations of food: and culinary poisons, exhibiting the fraudulent sophistications of bread, beer, wine, spirituous liquors, tea, coffee ... and other articles employed in domestic economy and methods of detecting them. Longman, 1822, pp. 159, 170 read online
Hallam, H. E.; Thirsk, Joan (1988). The Agrarian History of England and Wales: Volume 2, 1042–1350. Cambridge University Press. p. 826. ISBN 978-0521200738. Retrieved 21 July 2020.

brewersassociation.org

"Brewers Association Beer Style Guidelines". Brewers Association. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

cascadebrewing.com

"Sour Beers 101". Cascade Brewing. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

craftbeer.com

"English-Style Brown Ale". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"French-Style Biere de Garde". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"Irish-Style Red Beer". CraftBeer.com. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

domesticfits.com

Eisenbraun, Jacqueline (6 March 2023). "Dark Beer: Taste, 8 Best Brands + 14 Types". Domestic Fits. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

foodandwine.com

"What Is a Barleywine?". Food & Wine. Retrieved 19 March 2024.
"What Is a Kölsch Beer and Why Should You Be Drinking One?". Food & Wine. Retrieved 19 March 2024.

myilibrary.com

lib.myilibrary.com

Bennett, Judith. Ale, Beer, and Brewsters in England. Retrieved 30 October 2012.

oed.com

"Ale, n.", Oxford English Dictionary Online, 3rd edn (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012). Accessed 28 August 2020.

oxforddictionaries.com

"Oxford English Dictionary Online". Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

uchicago.edu

artflsrv04.uchicago.edu

Chambers, Ephraim (1741). "Cyclopædia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences 4th ed. Vol. 1". London: D. Midwinter etc. Retrieved 8 March 2025.

ugent.be

lib.ugent.be

Doorman, Gerard (1955). "De middeleeuwse brouwerij en de gruit /". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 30 May 2020.

web.archive.org

"Oxford English Dictionary Online". Archived from the original on 4 May 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2014.

wellcomecollection.org

See the recipe for bottle ale in: By several hands (1690). Receipt-Book. Manuscript 4054 (wellcome collection). p. 180.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Food and eating in medieval Europe. Carlin, Martha; Rosenthal, Joel Thomas. London: Hambledon Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8264-1920-0. OCLC 458567668.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Oliver, Garrett (2012). The Oxford Companion to Beer. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 485. ISBN 978-0-19-536713-3. OCLC 706025045.

worldcat.org

Food and eating in medieval Europe. Carlin, Martha; Rosenthal, Joel Thomas. London: Hambledon Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-8264-1920-0. OCLC 458567668.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)