Alexander Fleming (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Alexander Fleming" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

60nih.gov

4^th place

54doi.org

2^nd place

15semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

9web.archive.org

1^st place

7books.google.com

3^rd place

6elsevier.com

610^th place

704^th place

5harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

3nobelprize.org

301^st place

478^th place

3worldcat.org

5^th place

2sagepub.com

731^st place

638^th place

2independent.co.uk

36^th place

33^rd place

2sciencedirect.com

149^th place

178^th place

2nla.gov.au

275^th place

181^st place

2time.com

61^st place

54^th place

2bbc.co.uk

8^th place

10^th place

1jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

1zenodo.org

621^st place

380^th place

1sciencevision.org

low place

1canada.ca

1,712^th place

1,063^rd place

1wiley.com

222^nd place

297^th place

1nature.com

234^th place

397^th place

1bbvaopenmind.com

low place

1springer.com

274^th place

309^th place

1jhu.edu

699^th place

479^th place

1cambridge.org

305^th place

264^th place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

1royalsoced.org.uk

low place

7,521^st place

1espacenet.com

800^th place

676^th place

1bartonmills.net

low place

1nms.ac.uk

low place

1thegazette.co.uk

200^th place

141^st place

1acs.org

1,248^th place

1,104^th place

1stv.tv

3,137^th place

1,788^th place

1linz.govt.nz

low place

9,076^th place

acs.org

"Discovery and Development of Penicillin". International Historic Chemical Landmarks. American Chemical Society. Retrieved 21 August 2018.

bartonmills.net

BartonMills.net local history. Retrieved 17 October 2016.

bbc.co.uk

"BBC – Great Britons – Top 100". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 4 December 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2017.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Banknote designs mark Homecoming". BBC News. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2009.

bbvaopenmind.com

Yanes, Javier (6 August 2018). "Fleming and the Difficult Beginnings of Penicillin: Myth and Reality". OpenMind. Retrieved 7 June 2020.

books.google.com

Brown, Kevin (2004). Penicillin man : Alexander Fleming and the antibiotic revolution. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-3152-6. Retrieved 11 September 2015.
Maurois, André (1963). The Life of Sir Alexander Fleming: Discoverer of Penicillin. Penguin Books. p. 156. ISBN 1-199-30814-5.
Morin, Robert B.; Gorman, Marvin (2014). Penicillins and Cephalosporins. Academic Press. pp. xxii. ISBN 978-1-4832-7719-6.
Ward, John W.; Warren, Christian (2006). Silent Victories: The History and Practice of Public Health in Twentieth-Century America. Oxford University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-19-974798-6.
Baldry, Peter (1976). The Battle Against Bacteria: A Fresh Look. CUP Archive. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-521-21268-7.
Roberts, Michael; Ingram, Neil (2001). Biology (2, illustrated ed.). Nelson Thornes. p. 105. ISBN 0-7487-6238-8. Retrieved 4 March 2012. Penicillin is just one of a very large number of drugs which today are used by doctors to treat people with diseases.
Santesmases, María Jesús (18 December 2017). The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain: Health, Wealth and Authority. Springer. p. 39. ISBN 978-3-319-69718-5. Retrieved 7 July 2020.

cambridge.org

Fishman, Neil; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (April 2012). "Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), & the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)" (PDF). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1086/665010. PMID 22418625. S2CID 24828623. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

canada.ca

Canada, Environment and Climate Change (23 February 2018). "Final Screening Assessment of Micrococcus luteus strain ATCC 4698". aem. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

doi.org

Colebrook, L. (1956). "Alexander Fleming 1881–1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2: 117–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0008. JSTOR 769479. S2CID 71887808.
Bennett, Joan W.; Chung, King-Thom (2001). "Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin". Advances in Applied Microbiology. 49. Elsevier: 163–184. doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(01)49013-7. ISBN 978-0-12-002649-4. PMID 11757350. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Hugh, T. B. (2002). "Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin". The Medical Journal of Australia. 177 (1): 52–53, author 53 53. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04643.x. PMID 12436980. S2CID 222048204.
Cruickshank, Robert (1955). "Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S". Nature. 175 (4459): 355–6. Bibcode:1955Natur.175..663C. doi:10.1038/175663a0. PMC 1023893. PMID 13271592.
McIntyre, N. (2007). "Sir Alexander Fleming". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (4): 234. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-72. PMID 18615899. S2CID 77187550.
Mazumdar, P. M. (1984). "Fleming as Bacteriologist: Alexander Fleming". Science. 225 (4667): 1140–1141. Bibcode:1984Sci...225.1140C. doi:10.1126/science.225.4667.1140. PMID 17782415.
Tan, S. Y.; Tatsumura, Y. (July 2015). "Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of penicillin". Singapore Medical Journal. 56 (7): 366–367. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015105. PMC 4520913. PMID 26243971.
Fleming, Alexander (September 1917). "The Physiological and Antiseptic Action of Flavine (With Some Observations on the Testing of Antiseptics)". The Lancet. 190 (4905): 341–345. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)52126-1.
Fleming, A. (1922). "On a remarkable bacteriolytic element found in tissues and secretions". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 93 (653): 306–317. Bibcode:1922RSPSB..93..306F. doi:10.1098/rspb.1922.0023.
Lalchhandama, Kholhring (2020). "Reappraising Fleming's snot and mould". Science Vision. 20 (1): 29–42. doi:10.33493/scivis.20.01.03.
Salton, M. R. J. (1957). "The properties of lysozyme and its action on micororganisms". Bacteriological Reviews. 21 (2): 82–100. doi:10.1128/MMBR.21.2.82-100.1957. PMC 180888. PMID 13436356.
Schleifer, K. H.; Kloos, W. E.; Moore, A. (1972). "Taxonomic Status of Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872: Correlation Between Peptidoglycan Type and Genetic Compatibility". International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 22 (4): 224–227. doi:10.1099/00207713-22-4-224.
Young, Michael; Artsatbanov, Vladislav; Beller, Harry R.; Chandra, Govind; Chater, Keith F.; Dover, Lynn G.; Goh, Ee-Been; Kahan, Tamar; Kaprelyants, Arseny S.; Kyrpides, Nikos; Lapidus, Alla (2010). "Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus, a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (3): 841–860. doi:10.1128/JB.01254-09. PMC 2812450. PMID 19948807.
Fleming, Alexander (1932). "Lysozyme". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 26 (2): 71–84. doi:10.1177/003591573202600201. S2CID 209362460.
Gallo, Richard L. (2013). "The birth of innate immunity". Experimental Dermatology. 22 (8): 517. doi:10.1111/exd.12197. PMID 23879811. S2CID 23482849.
Ragland, Stephanie A.; Criss, Alison K. (2017). "From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (9): e1006512. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006512. PMC 5608400. PMID 28934357.
Bigger, Joseph W.; Boland, C. R.; O'meara, R. A. Q. (1927). "Variant colonies ofStaphylococcus aureus". The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology. 30 (2): 261–269. doi:10.1002/path.1700300204.
Houbraken, Jos; Frisvad, Jens C.; Samson, Robert A. (2011). "Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens". IMA Fungus. 2 (1): 87–95. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12. PMC 3317369. PMID 22679592.
Hibbett, David S.; Taylor, John W. (2013). "Fungal systematics: is a new age of enlightenment at hand?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (2): 129–133. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2963. PMID 23288349. S2CID 17070407.
Hare, R. (1982). "New light on the history of penicillin". Medical History. 26 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1017/s0025727300040758. PMC 1139110. PMID 7047933.
Curry J (1981). "Obituary: C. J. La Touche". Medical Mycology. 19 (2): 164. doi:10.1080/00362178185380261.
Wainwright, Milton (1993). "The Mystery of the Plate: Fleming's Discovery and Contribution to the Early Development of Penicillin". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1177/096777209300100113. PMID 11639213. S2CID 7578843.
"International Congress of Microbiology". British Medical Journal. 2 (3944): 307–310. 1936. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3943.253. PMC 2457049.
Dixon, Bernard (1986). "A Salute to the Pioneers of Microbiology". Nature Biotechnology. 4 (8): 681. doi:10.1038/nbt0886-681. S2CID 37941905.
"Annotations". British Medical Journal. 2 (4208): 310–2. August 1941. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4208.310. PMC 2162429. PMID 20783842.
Fleming A (September 1941). "Penicillin". British Medical Journal. 2 (4210): 386. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4210.386. PMC 2162878.
Moberg, C. (1991). "Penicillin's forgotten man: Norman Heatley". Science. 253 (5021): 734–735. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..734M. doi:10.1126/science.1876832. PMID 1876832.
Conly, J. M.; Johnston, B. L. (2005). "Where are all the new antibiotics? The new antibiotic paradox". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 16 (3): 159–160. doi:10.1155/2005/892058. PMC 2095020. PMID 18159536.
Wainwright, M.; Swan, H. T. (1987). "The Sheffield penicillin story". Mycologist. 1 (1): 28–30. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(87)80022-8.
Wainwright, Milton (1990). "Besredka's "antivirus" in relation to Fleming's initial views on the nature of penicillin". Medical History. 34 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1017/S0025727300050286. PMC 1036002. PMID 2405221.
Wainwright, M. (1987). "The history of the therapeutic use of crude penicillin". Medical History. 31 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1017/s0025727300046305. PMC 1139683. PMID 3543562.
Wainwright M, Swan HT (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1): 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336.
Howie, J. (1986). "Penicillin: 1929–40". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 293 (6540): 158–159. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.158. PMC 1340901. PMID 3089435.
Glover, J. (1986). "The MRC and informed consent". British Medical Journal. 293 (6540): 157–158. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.157. PMC 1340900. PMID 3089434.
Marko, Vladimir (2020). "Penicillin". From Aspirin to Viagra: Stories of the Drugs that Changed the World. Springer. pp. 105–106. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44286-6_5. ISBN 978-3-030-44286-6. OCLC 1164582807. S2CID 241636139.
Rossiter, Peter (2005). "Keith Bernard Rogers". BMJ. 331 (7516): 579. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7516.579-c. PMC 1200632.
Aronson, J. K. (1992). "Penicillin". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1007/BF00314911. PMID 1541305. S2CID 62877498.
Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P.; Shampo, Marc A. (2015). "Howard Walter Florey – Production of Penicillin". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (6): e63–64. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.028. PMID 26046419.
Shama, Gilbert (2017). "Miracle near 34th street: Wartime Penicillin Research at St John's University, NY". Endeavour. 41 (4): 217–220. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.09.003. PMID 29055651.
Wainwright, Milton (2002). "Fleming's unfinished". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 45 (4): 529–538. doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0065. PMID 12388885. S2CID 32684352.
Fleming, A (1942). "In-vitro Tests of Penicillin Potency". The Lancet. 239 (6199): 732–733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)70368-0.
Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Cairns, H.; Lewin, W. S.; Duthie, E. S.; Smith, Honor V. (1944). "Pneumococcal Meningitis Treated with Penicillin". The Lancet. 243 (6299): 655–659. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)77085-1.
Fleming, Alexander (1943). "Streptococcal Meningitis treated With Penicillin". The Lancet. 242 (6267): 434–438. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)87452-8.
Mathews, John A. (2008). "The Birth of the Biotechnology Era: Penicillin in Australia, 1943–80". Prometheus. 26 (4): 317–333. doi:10.1080/08109020802459306. S2CID 143123783.
Richards, A. N. (1964). "Production of penicillin in the United States (1941–1946)". Nature. 201 (4918): 441–445. Bibcode:1964Natur.201..441R. doi:10.1038/201441a0. PMID 14164615. S2CID 4296757.
Fishman, Neil; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (April 2012). "Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), & the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)" (PDF). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1086/665010. PMID 22418625. S2CID 24828623. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Rosenblatt-Farrell, Noah (2009). "The Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 117 (6): 244–150. doi:10.1289/ehp.117-a244. PMC 2702430. PMID 19590668.
Rammelkamp, Charles H.; Maxon, Thelma (1942). "Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the Action of Penicillin". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 51 (3): 386–389. doi:10.3181/00379727-51-13986. S2CID 87530495.
Plough, Harold H. (1945). "Penicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Clinical Implications". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 15 (10): 446–451. doi:10.1093/ajcp/15.10.446. PMID 21005048.
Gaynes, Robert (2017). "The Discovery of Penicillin – New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (5): 849–853. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161556. PMC 5403050.
Dufour, Héloïse D.; Carroll, Sean B. (2013). "History: Great myths die hard". Nature. 502 (7469): 32–33. doi:10.1038/502032a. PMID 24137644.
Selwyn, Sydney (1980). "Howard Florey: the making of a great scientist". Journal of Medical Microbiology. 13 (3): 483. doi:10.1099/00222615-13-3-483.

elsevier.com

linkinghub.elsevier.com

Bennett, Joan W.; Chung, King-Thom (2001). "Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin". Advances in Applied Microbiology. 49. Elsevier: 163–184. doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(01)49013-7. ISBN 978-0-12-002649-4. PMID 11757350. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Wainwright, M.; Swan, H. T. (1987). "The Sheffield penicillin story". Mycologist. 1 (1): 28–30. doi:10.1016/S0269-915X(87)80022-8.
Shama, Gilbert (2017). "Miracle near 34th street: Wartime Penicillin Research at St John's University, NY". Endeavour. 41 (4): 217–220. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.09.003. PMID 29055651.
Fleming, A (1942). "In-vitro Tests of Penicillin Potency". The Lancet. 239 (6199): 732–733. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)70368-0.
Fleming, Alexander (1943). "Streptococcal Meningitis treated With Penicillin". The Lancet. 242 (6267): 434–438. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)87452-8.

espacenet.com

worldwide.espacenet.com

US 2423873, Coghill, Robert D. & Moyer, Andrew J., "Method for production of increased yields of penicillin", published 15 July 1947

ghostarchive.org

Fishman, Neil; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (April 2012). "Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), & the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)" (PDF). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1086/665010. PMID 22418625. S2CID 24828623. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cruickshank, Robert (1955). "Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S". Nature. 175 (4459): 355–6. Bibcode:1955Natur.175..663C. doi:10.1038/175663a0. PMC 1023893. PMID 13271592.
Mazumdar, P. M. (1984). "Fleming as Bacteriologist: Alexander Fleming". Science. 225 (4667): 1140–1141. Bibcode:1984Sci...225.1140C. doi:10.1126/science.225.4667.1140. PMID 17782415.
Fleming, A. (1922). "On a remarkable bacteriolytic element found in tissues and secretions". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 93 (653): 306–317. Bibcode:1922RSPSB..93..306F. doi:10.1098/rspb.1922.0023.
Moberg, C. (1991). "Penicillin's forgotten man: Norman Heatley". Science. 253 (5021): 734–735. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..734M. doi:10.1126/science.1876832. PMID 1876832.
Richards, A. N. (1964). "Production of penicillin in the United States (1941–1946)". Nature. 201 (4918): 441–445. Bibcode:1964Natur.201..441R. doi:10.1038/201441a0. PMID 14164615. S2CID 4296757.

independent.co.uk

Lowe, Gordon (13 May 1999). "Obituary: Sir Edward Abraham". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.
"Norman Heatley". The Independent. 23 January 2004. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Wainwright, Milton (2002). "Fleming's unfinished". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 45 (4): 529–538. doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0065. PMID 12388885. S2CID 32684352.

jstor.org

Colebrook, L. (1956). "Alexander Fleming 1881–1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2: 117–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0008. JSTOR 769479. S2CID 71887808.

linz.govt.nz

gazetteer.linz.govt.nz

"Place name detail: Mount Fleming". New Zealand Gazetteer. New Zealand Geographic Board. Retrieved 21 August 2022.

nature.com

Hibbett, David S.; Taylor, John W. (2013). "Fungal systematics: is a new age of enlightenment at hand?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (2): 129–133. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2963. PMID 23288349. S2CID 17070407.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Bennett, Joan W.; Chung, King-Thom (2001). "Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin". Advances in Applied Microbiology. 49. Elsevier: 163–184. doi:10.1016/s0065-2164(01)49013-7. ISBN 978-0-12-002649-4. PMID 11757350. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Hugh, T. B. (2002). "Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin". The Medical Journal of Australia. 177 (1): 52–53, author 53 53. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04643.x. PMID 12436980. S2CID 222048204.
Cruickshank, Robert (1955). "Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S". Nature. 175 (4459): 355–6. Bibcode:1955Natur.175..663C. doi:10.1038/175663a0. PMC 1023893. PMID 13271592.
McIntyre, N. (2007). "Sir Alexander Fleming". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (4): 234. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-72. PMID 18615899. S2CID 77187550.
Mazumdar, P. M. (1984). "Fleming as Bacteriologist: Alexander Fleming". Science. 225 (4667): 1140–1141. Bibcode:1984Sci...225.1140C. doi:10.1126/science.225.4667.1140. PMID 17782415.
Tan, S. Y.; Tatsumura, Y. (July 2015). "Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of penicillin". Singapore Medical Journal. 56 (7): 366–367. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015105. PMC 4520913. PMID 26243971.
Allison, V. D. (1974). "Personal recollections of Sir Almroth Wright and Sir Alexander Fleming". The Ulster Medical Journal. 43 (2): 89–98. PMC 2385475. PMID 4612919.
Salton, M. R. J. (1957). "The properties of lysozyme and its action on micororganisms". Bacteriological Reviews. 21 (2): 82–100. doi:10.1128/MMBR.21.2.82-100.1957. PMC 180888. PMID 13436356.
Young, Michael; Artsatbanov, Vladislav; Beller, Harry R.; Chandra, Govind; Chater, Keith F.; Dover, Lynn G.; Goh, Ee-Been; Kahan, Tamar; Kaprelyants, Arseny S.; Kyrpides, Nikos; Lapidus, Alla (2010). "Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus, a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (3): 841–860. doi:10.1128/JB.01254-09. PMC 2812450. PMID 19948807.
Gallo, Richard L. (2013). "The birth of innate immunity". Experimental Dermatology. 22 (8): 517. doi:10.1111/exd.12197. PMID 23879811. S2CID 23482849.
Ragland, Stephanie A.; Criss, Alison K. (2017). "From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (9): e1006512. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006512. PMC 5608400. PMID 28934357.
Houbraken, Jos; Frisvad, Jens C.; Samson, Robert A. (2011). "Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens". IMA Fungus. 2 (1): 87–95. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12. PMC 3317369. PMID 22679592.
Hibbett, David S.; Taylor, John W. (2013). "Fungal systematics: is a new age of enlightenment at hand?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (2): 129–133. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2963. PMID 23288349. S2CID 17070407.
Hare, R. (1982). "New light on the history of penicillin". Medical History. 26 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1017/s0025727300040758. PMC 1139110. PMID 7047933.
Diggins FW (1999). "The true history of the discovery of penicillin, with refutation of the misinformation in the literature". British Journal of Biomedical Science. 56 (2): 83–93. PMID 10695047.
Fleming, Alexander (1929). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 10 (3): 226–236. PMC 2041430. PMID 2048009.; Reprinted as Fleming A (1979). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 60 (1): 3–13. PMC 2041430.
Wainwright, Milton (1993). "The Mystery of the Plate: Fleming's Discovery and Contribution to the Early Development of Penicillin". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1177/096777209300100113. PMID 11639213. S2CID 7578843.
"Annotations". British Medical Journal. 2 (4208): 310–2. August 1941. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4208.310. PMC 2162429. PMID 20783842.
Moberg, C. (1991). "Penicillin's forgotten man: Norman Heatley". Science. 253 (5021): 734–735. Bibcode:1991Sci...253..734M. doi:10.1126/science.1876832. PMID 1876832.
Conly, J. M.; Johnston, B. L. (2005). "Where are all the new antibiotics? The new antibiotic paradox". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 16 (3): 159–160. doi:10.1155/2005/892058. PMC 2095020. PMID 18159536.
Wainwright, Milton (1990). "Besredka's "antivirus" in relation to Fleming's initial views on the nature of penicillin". Medical History. 34 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1017/S0025727300050286. PMC 1036002. PMID 2405221.
Wainwright, M. (1987). "The history of the therapeutic use of crude penicillin". Medical History. 31 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1017/s0025727300046305. PMC 1139683. PMID 3543562.
Wainwright M, Swan HT (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1): 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336.
Howie, J. (1986). "Penicillin: 1929–40". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 293 (6540): 158–159. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.158. PMC 1340901. PMID 3089435.
Glover, J. (1986). "The MRC and informed consent". British Medical Journal. 293 (6540): 157–158. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.157. PMC 1340900. PMID 3089434.
Aronson, J. K. (1992). "Penicillin". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1007/BF00314911. PMID 1541305. S2CID 62877498.
Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P.; Shampo, Marc A. (2015). "Howard Walter Florey – Production of Penicillin". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 90 (6): e63–64. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.028. PMID 26046419.
Shama, Gilbert (2017). "Miracle near 34th street: Wartime Penicillin Research at St John's University, NY". Endeavour. 41 (4): 217–220. doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.09.003. PMID 29055651.
Wainwright, Milton (2002). "Fleming's unfinished". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 45 (4): 529–538. doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0065. PMID 12388885. S2CID 32684352.
Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Richards, A. N. (1964). "Production of penicillin in the United States (1941–1946)". Nature. 201 (4918): 441–445. Bibcode:1964Natur.201..441R. doi:10.1038/201441a0. PMID 14164615. S2CID 4296757.
Fishman, Neil; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (April 2012). "Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), & the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)" (PDF). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1086/665010. PMID 22418625. S2CID 24828623. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Rosenblatt-Farrell, Noah (2009). "The Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 117 (6): 244–150. doi:10.1289/ehp.117-a244. PMC 2702430. PMID 19590668.
Plough, Harold H. (1945). "Penicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Clinical Implications". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 15 (10): 446–451. doi:10.1093/ajcp/15.10.446. PMID 21005048.
Dufour, Héloïse D.; Carroll, Sean B. (2013). "History: Great myths die hard". Nature. 502 (7469): 32–33. doi:10.1038/502032a. PMID 24137644.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Cruickshank, Robert (1955). "Sir Alexander Fleming, F.R.S". Nature. 175 (4459): 355–6. Bibcode:1955Natur.175..663C. doi:10.1038/175663a0. PMC 1023893. PMID 13271592.
Tan, S. Y.; Tatsumura, Y. (July 2015). "Alexander Fleming (1881–1955): Discoverer of penicillin". Singapore Medical Journal. 56 (7): 366–367. doi:10.11622/smedj.2015105. PMC 4520913. PMID 26243971.
Allison, V. D. (1974). "Personal recollections of Sir Almroth Wright and Sir Alexander Fleming". The Ulster Medical Journal. 43 (2): 89–98. PMC 2385475. PMID 4612919.
Fleming, Alexander; Allison, V. D. (1922). "Observations on a Bacteriolytic Substance ("Lysozyme") Found in Secretions and Tissues". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 3 (5): 252–260. PMC 2047739.
Salton, M. R. J. (1957). "The properties of lysozyme and its action on micororganisms". Bacteriological Reviews. 21 (2): 82–100. doi:10.1128/MMBR.21.2.82-100.1957. PMC 180888. PMID 13436356.
Young, Michael; Artsatbanov, Vladislav; Beller, Harry R.; Chandra, Govind; Chater, Keith F.; Dover, Lynn G.; Goh, Ee-Been; Kahan, Tamar; Kaprelyants, Arseny S.; Kyrpides, Nikos; Lapidus, Alla (2010). "Genome Sequence of the Fleming Strain of Micrococcus luteus, a Simple Free-Living Actinobacterium". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (3): 841–860. doi:10.1128/JB.01254-09. PMC 2812450. PMID 19948807.
Ragland, Stephanie A.; Criss, Alison K. (2017). "From bacterial killing to immune modulation: Recent insights into the functions of lysozyme". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (9): e1006512. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006512. PMC 5608400. PMID 28934357.
Houbraken, Jos; Frisvad, Jens C.; Samson, Robert A. (2011). "Fleming's penicillin producing strain is not Penicillium chrysogenum but P. rubens". IMA Fungus. 2 (1): 87–95. doi:10.5598/imafungus.2011.02.01.12. PMC 3317369. PMID 22679592.
Hare, R. (1982). "New light on the history of penicillin". Medical History. 26 (1): 1–24. doi:10.1017/s0025727300040758. PMC 1139110. PMID 7047933.
Fleming, Alexander (1929). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 10 (3): 226–236. PMC 2041430. PMID 2048009.; Reprinted as Fleming A (1979). "On the antibacterial action of cultures of a Penicillium, with special reference to their use in the isolation of B. influenzae". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 60 (1): 3–13. PMC 2041430.
"International Congress of Microbiology". British Medical Journal. 2 (3944): 307–310. 1936. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3943.253. PMC 2457049.
"Annotations". British Medical Journal. 2 (4208): 310–2. August 1941. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4208.310. PMC 2162429. PMID 20783842.
Fleming A (September 1941). "Penicillin". British Medical Journal. 2 (4210): 386. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.4210.386. PMC 2162878.
Conly, J. M.; Johnston, B. L. (2005). "Where are all the new antibiotics? The new antibiotic paradox". Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology. 16 (3): 159–160. doi:10.1155/2005/892058. PMC 2095020. PMID 18159536.
Wainwright, Milton (1990). "Besredka's "antivirus" in relation to Fleming's initial views on the nature of penicillin". Medical History. 34 (1): 79–85. doi:10.1017/S0025727300050286. PMC 1036002. PMID 2405221.
Wainwright, M. (1987). "The history of the therapeutic use of crude penicillin". Medical History. 31 (1): 41–50. doi:10.1017/s0025727300046305. PMC 1139683. PMID 3543562.
Wainwright M, Swan HT (January 1986). "C.G. Paine and the earliest surviving clinical records of penicillin therapy". Medical History. 30 (1): 42–56. doi:10.1017/S0025727300045026. PMC 1139580. PMID 3511336.
Howie, J. (1986). "Penicillin: 1929–40". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 293 (6540): 158–159. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.158. PMC 1340901. PMID 3089435.
Glover, J. (1986). "The MRC and informed consent". British Medical Journal. 293 (6540): 157–158. doi:10.1136/bmj.293.6540.157. PMC 1340900. PMID 3089434.
Rossiter, Peter (2005). "Keith Bernard Rogers". BMJ. 331 (7516): 579. doi:10.1136/bmj.331.7516.579-c. PMC 1200632.
Kissick, William L. (1959). "The Life of Sir Alexander Fleming, Discoverer of Penicillin". The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 32 (2): 140. PMC 2604061.
Abraham EP, Chain E, Holiday ER (1942). "Purification and Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Penicillin". British Journal of Experimental Pathology. 23 (3): 103–119. PMC 2065494.
Rosenblatt-Farrell, Noah (2009). "The Landscape of Antibiotic Resistance". Environmental Health Perspectives. 117 (6): 244–150. doi:10.1289/ehp.117-a244. PMC 2702430. PMID 19590668.
Gaynes, Robert (2017). "The Discovery of Penicillin – New Insights After More Than 75 Years of Clinical Use". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 23 (5): 849–853. doi:10.3201/eid2305.161556. PMC 5403050.

nla.gov.au

catalogue.nla.gov.au

Henry Harris, Howard Florey and the development of penicillin, a lecture given on 29 September 1998, at the Florey Centenary, 1898–1998, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford University (sound recording) [1]

trove.nla.gov.au

Bickel, L. Florey: The Man Who Made Penicillin, Sun Books, Melbourne, 1972. https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/21266280

nms.ac.uk

"100,000 visitors in 6 days". National Museums Scotland. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.

nobelprize.org

"Sir Alexander Fleming – Biography". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 25 October 2011.
"Alexander Fleming Biography". Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. 1945. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
Fleming, A. (1945). "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945 -Penicillin: Nobel Lecture". NobelPrize.org. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Plough, Harold H. (1945). "Penicillin Resistance of Staphylococcus Aureus and its Clinical Implications". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 15 (10): 446–451. doi:10.1093/ajcp/15.10.446. PMID 21005048.

royalsoced.org.uk

Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2016.

sagepub.com

journals.sagepub.com

Wainwright, Milton (1993). "The Mystery of the Plate: Fleming's Discovery and Contribution to the Early Development of Penicillin". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1177/096777209300100113. PMID 11639213. S2CID 7578843.
Rammelkamp, Charles H.; Maxon, Thelma (1942). "Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the Action of Penicillin". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 51 (3): 386–389. doi:10.3181/00379727-51-13986. S2CID 87530495.

sciencedirect.com

Ligon, B. Lee (2004). "Sir Alexander Fleming: Scottish researcher who discovered penicillin". Seminars in Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 15 (1): 58–64. doi:10.1053/j.spid.2004.02.002. PMID 15175996.
Cairns, H.; Lewin, W. S.; Duthie, E. S.; Smith, Honor V. (1944). "Pneumococcal Meningitis Treated with Penicillin". The Lancet. 243 (6299): 655–659. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)77085-1.

sciencevision.org

Lalchhandama, Kholhring (2020). "Reappraising Fleming's snot and mould". Science Vision. 20 (1): 29–42. doi:10.33493/scivis.20.01.03.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Colebrook, L. (1956). "Alexander Fleming 1881–1955". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 2: 117–126. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1956.0008. JSTOR 769479. S2CID 71887808.
Hugh, T. B. (2002). "Howard Florey, Alexander Fleming and the fairy tale of penicillin". The Medical Journal of Australia. 177 (1): 52–53, author 53 53. doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.2002.tb04643.x. PMID 12436980. S2CID 222048204.
McIntyre, N. (2007). "Sir Alexander Fleming". Journal of Medical Biography. 15 (4): 234. doi:10.1258/j.jmb.2007.05-72. PMID 18615899. S2CID 77187550.
Fleming, Alexander (1932). "Lysozyme". Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. 26 (2): 71–84. doi:10.1177/003591573202600201. S2CID 209362460.
Gallo, Richard L. (2013). "The birth of innate immunity". Experimental Dermatology. 22 (8): 517. doi:10.1111/exd.12197. PMID 23879811. S2CID 23482849.
Hibbett, David S.; Taylor, John W. (2013). "Fungal systematics: is a new age of enlightenment at hand?". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 11 (2): 129–133. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2963. PMID 23288349. S2CID 17070407.
Wainwright, Milton (1993). "The Mystery of the Plate: Fleming's Discovery and Contribution to the Early Development of Penicillin". Journal of Medical Biography. 1 (1): 59–65. doi:10.1177/096777209300100113. PMID 11639213. S2CID 7578843.
Dixon, Bernard (1986). "A Salute to the Pioneers of Microbiology". Nature Biotechnology. 4 (8): 681. doi:10.1038/nbt0886-681. S2CID 37941905.
Marko, Vladimir (2020). "Penicillin". From Aspirin to Viagra: Stories of the Drugs that Changed the World. Springer. pp. 105–106. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44286-6_5. ISBN 978-3-030-44286-6. OCLC 1164582807. S2CID 241636139.
Aronson, J. K. (1992). "Penicillin". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1007/BF00314911. PMID 1541305. S2CID 62877498.
Wainwright, Milton (2002). "Fleming's unfinished". Perspectives in Biology and Medicine. 45 (4): 529–538. doi:10.1353/pbm.2002.0065. PMID 12388885. S2CID 32684352.
Mathews, John A. (2008). "The Birth of the Biotechnology Era: Penicillin in Australia, 1943–80". Prometheus. 26 (4): 317–333. doi:10.1080/08109020802459306. S2CID 143123783.
Richards, A. N. (1964). "Production of penicillin in the United States (1941–1946)". Nature. 201 (4918): 441–445. Bibcode:1964Natur.201..441R. doi:10.1038/201441a0. PMID 14164615. S2CID 4296757.
Fishman, Neil; Infectious Diseases Society of America; Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (April 2012). "Policy statement on antimicrobial stewardship by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), & the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS)" (PDF). Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology. 33 (4): 322–327. doi:10.1086/665010. PMID 22418625. S2CID 24828623. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
Rammelkamp, Charles H.; Maxon, Thelma (1942). "Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to the Action of Penicillin". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 51 (3): 386–389. doi:10.3181/00379727-51-13986. S2CID 87530495.

springer.com

link.springer.com

Aronson, J. K. (1992). "Penicillin". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 42 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1007/BF00314911. PMID 1541305. S2CID 62877498.

stv.tv

"Robert Burns voted Greatest Scot". STV Group. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2016.

thegazette.co.uk

"No. 36544". The London Gazette (Supplement). 2 June 1944. p. 2566.

time.com

"Alexander Fleming – Time 100 People of the Century". Time. 29 March 1999. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.

content.time.com

Ho, David (29 March 1999). "Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

web.archive.org

"Alexander Fleming Biography". Les Prix Nobel. The Nobel Foundation. 1945. Archived from the original on 30 January 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
Lowe, Gordon (13 May 1999). "Obituary: Sir Edward Abraham". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.
"Norman Heatley". The Independent. 23 January 2004. Archived from the original on 16 November 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0-902198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2016.
"100,000 visitors in 6 days". National Museums Scotland. 3 August 2011. Archived from the original on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2012.
"Alexander Fleming – Time 100 People of the Century". Time. 29 March 1999. Archived from the original on 16 October 2007.
"BBC – Great Britons – Top 100". Internet Archive. Archived from the original on 4 December 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
"Banknote designs mark Homecoming". BBC News. 14 January 2008. Archived from the original on 25 January 2009. Retrieved 20 January 2009.
"Robert Burns voted Greatest Scot". STV Group. 30 November 2009. Archived from the original on 6 November 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2016.

wiley.com

doi.wiley.com

Gallo, Richard L. (2013). "The birth of innate immunity". Experimental Dermatology. 22 (8): 517. doi:10.1111/exd.12197. PMID 23879811. S2CID 23482849.

worldcat.org

Heaman, Elsbeth A. (2003). St Mary's: The History of a London Teaching Hospital. Montreal, Que.: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 212. ISBN 978-0-7735-7086-3. OCLC 144085272.
Marko, Vladimir (2020). "Penicillin". From Aspirin to Viagra: Stories of the Drugs that Changed the World. Springer. pp. 105–106. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44286-6_5. ISBN 978-3-030-44286-6. OCLC 1164582807. S2CID 241636139.
Ho, David (29 March 1999). "Bacteriologist Alexander Fleming". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 17 October 2020.

zenodo.org

Fleming, Alexander (September 1917). "The Physiological and Antiseptic Action of Flavine (With Some Observations on the Testing of Antiseptics)". The Lancet. 190 (4905): 341–345. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(01)52126-1.