Alexandra Kollontai (English Wikipedia)

Обзор Русско-Турецкой войны 1877-1878 гг. на Балканском полуостровѣ / Obzor Russko-Turet︠s︡koĭ voĭny 1877-1878 gg. na Balkanskom poluostrovi︠e︡ (St. Petersburg: V. Gosudarstvennoi tipografii, 1900) (Review of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878 on the Balkan Peninsula) (St. Petersburg: State Printing House, 1900) – Also see: Overview of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 (Book on Demand Ltd., 2015) (in Russian language, not English)

archive.org

Adding to the Dostoevskian melodrama, the first husband of Alexandra Kollontai's mother, an engineer named Mravinskii, was enlisted by the Tsar's secret police in 1881 to help ferret out a plot to kill the Tsar with dynamite placed under the street in a tunnel. Mravinskii helped police agents check for secret tunnels made by Narodnaia Volia terrorists – who managed to plant dynamite in this manner anyway. Tsar Alexander II was assassinated two weeks later by less sophisticated means when he changed his ordinary route through the streets, but Mravinskii was arrested when the dynamite tunnel was discovered, charged with misleading the police. Alexandra's mother persuaded her second husband to use his influence to aid her first, and as a result Mravinskii was saved from harsh Siberian exile, stripped of his rights and exiled to European Russia instead. Clements, p. 9. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
"The library loaned maps, globes, textbooks, and other materials to groups meeting in various parts of the city and sent out illegal populist and Marxist tracts under the cover of the legal activity." Clements, p. 18. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Porter, Cathy (1980). Alexandra Kollontai: The Lonely Struggle of the Woman Who Defied Lenin. New York: Dial Press. pp. 340–341. ISBN 0803701292. Retrieved 14 January 2025.
Clements, p. 3. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 4. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 5. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Kollontai, Aleksandra (1945). "Iz vozpominanii". Oktyabr (9): 61. Cited in Clements, p. 6. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 11. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 12. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 14. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Kollontai, Aleksandra (1945). Den första etappen. Stockholm: Bonniers. pp. 218–219. Cited in Clements, p. 15. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 15. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 16. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 18. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, pp. 18–19. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Clements, p. 189. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.
Mastny, Vojtech (1972). "Stalin and the Prospects of a Separate Peace in World War II". The American Historical Review. 77 (5). American Historical Association: 1365–1388. doi:10.2307/1861311. JSTOR 1861311. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
Clements, p. 248. Clements, Barbara Evans (1979). Bolshevik Feminist: The Life of Aleksandra Kollontai. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-31209-4.

bataillesocialiste.wordpress.com

These words were reported by Kollontai's erstwhile diplomatic colleague and fighting comrade Marcel Body (1894–1984) in the obituary he published in 1952 in a political review ("Mémoires: Alexandra Kollontaï"; Preuves, No. 14, April 1952, pp. 12–24). The article has been reproduced online, albeit with many a copy error, at La Battaille socialiste Website. As they were pronounced during a tête-à-tête at Holmenkollen in Norway, the words cannot be confirmed by any third source but appear completely verisimilar.

books.google.com

On 13 March Kollontai boasted before the congress "that it was members of the Workers' Opposition faction who had been 'the first' to volunteer 'for Konstadt' and thus 'to fulfil our duty in the name of Communism and the international workers' revolution'." (Getzler, Israel (2002). Kronstadt 1917-1921. The fate of a Soviet democracy. Cambridge et al.: Cambridge University Press. p. 256. ISBN 0-521-89442-5)
Boynton, Victoria; Malin, Jo, eds. (2005). "Aleksandra Kollontai". Encyclopedia of Women's Autobiography. p. 326. ISBN 978-0-313-32739-1. In the first Soviet government, formed in the fall of 1917, Kollontai was appointed people's commissar (minister) for social welfare. She was the only woman in the cabinet but also the first woman in history who became a member of the government.

doi.org

Zukas, Alex (20 April 2009), "Kollontai, Alexandra (1872-1952)", in Ness, Immanuel (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–2, doi:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0858, ISBN 978-1-4051-9807-3, retrieved 2 May 2023, Alexandra Kollontai, nee Domontovich, who held the distinctions of being the first woman cabinet minister and the first woman ambassador
Mastny, Vojtech (1972). "Stalin and the Prospects of a Separate Peace in World War II". The American Historical Review. 77 (5). American Historical Association: 1365–1388. doi:10.2307/1861311. JSTOR 1861311. Retrieved 9 January 2016.
Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2018). "Crashing the Party: The radical legacy of a Soviet-era feminist". World Policy Journal. 35 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1215/07402775-7085877. ISSN 1936-0924. S2CID 159006262.
Roelofs, Joan (2 January 2018). "Alexandra Kollontai: Socialist Feminism in Theory and Practice". International Critical Thought. 8 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1080/21598282.2017.1419436. ISSN 2159-8282. S2CID 158374267.

geni.com

Alexandra Kollontai's original family name has been variously transliterated: Domontovits is probably the common alternative spelling (see: Genealogy of Mihail Domontovits).

ilsole24ore.com

24ilmagazine.ilsole24ore.com

Gide, André; Wright, Richard; Silone, Ignazio; Spender, Stephen; Koestler, Arthur; Fischer, Louis (1949). Crossman, Richard Howard Stafford (ed.). The God That Failed. Bantam Books. p. 101. The whole contribution by Silone in Italian is accessible for free online under the title Uscita di sicurezza at Il Sole-24 ORE Website (2017).

interaffairs.ru

"Дипломат Александра Коллонтай глазами внука" [Diplomat Alexandra Kollontai through the eyes of her grandson]. interaffairs.ru (in Russian). 2 June 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2020.

jhu.edu

muse.jhu.edu

Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2018). "Crashing the Party: The radical legacy of a Soviet-era feminist". World Policy Journal. 35 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1215/07402775-7085877. ISSN 1936-0924. S2CID 159006262.

jstor.org

Mastny, Vojtech (1972). "Stalin and the Prospects of a Separate Peace in World War II". The American Historical Review. 77 (5). American Historical Association: 1365–1388. doi:10.2307/1861311. JSTOR 1861311. Retrieved 9 January 2016.

knowbysight.info

According to Antonio Moscato [it], apart from Stalin and Kollontai, there were 19 full members in the Central Committee at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution: two of them were killed by counter-revolutionaries; five, including Lenin, died for other causes before Stalin's accession to power; the 12 members left fell all victims of Stalinist repression, including Trotsky who was assassinated in Mexico [La distruzione del partito bolscevico (a chapter of the essay: Lenin e Trotsky, le ragioni di una collaborazione), in Lenin/Trotsky (2017). Su Marx. L'approccio dei due capi della Rivoluzione russa (in Italian). Goware ebook. ISBN 978-88-6797-883-0]. However, Matvei Muranov too came unharmed through purges, outliving all his former colleagues until 1959: the exact number of those who fell victims of Stalin must thus be calculated as 11. For the list and dates of death of the full members of the Bolshevik Central Committee elected at the 6th Congress, see: Hirschkowitz, Naftali, ed. (2005–2020). "Comitato Centrale, eletto dal VI Congresso del POSDR(b) 3(16).8.1917, membri". Guida alla storia del Partito Comunista e dell'Unione Sovietica 1898 - 1991 (in Russian and Italian).

lasalle.edu

digitalcommons.lasalle.edu

Allen 2008, pp. 21–54. Allen, Barbara C. (2008). "'A Proletarian From a Novel': Politics, Identity, and Emotion in the Relationship between Alexander Shliapnikov and Alexandra Kollontai, 1911-1935". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 35 (2): 21–54.
Allen 2008, p. 177. Allen, Barbara C. (2008). "'A Proletarian From a Novel': Politics, Identity, and Emotion in the Relationship between Alexander Shliapnikov and Alexandra Kollontai, 1911-1935". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 35 (2): 21–54.
Allen 2008, p. 163. Allen, Barbara C. (2008). "'A Proletarian From a Novel': Politics, Identity, and Emotion in the Relationship between Alexander Shliapnikov and Alexandra Kollontai, 1911-1935". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 35 (2): 21–54.
Allen 2008, pp. 183–184. Allen, Barbara C. (2008). "'A Proletarian From a Novel': Politics, Identity, and Emotion in the Relationship between Alexander Shliapnikov and Alexandra Kollontai, 1911-1935". The Soviet and Post-Soviet Review. 35 (2): 21–54.

marxists.org

These "personal friends" were specially mentioned by Kollontai in the first draft of her Autobiography, the renegade Kautsky being however crossed out in the second expurgated version (quotation drawn from Marxists.org).
An English edition of the pamphlet (Solidarity (London) Pamphlet no.7, 1961) is accessible on line at marxist.org).
Letter to Helga Kern, 26 July 1926, reproduced in Iring Fetscher's afterword to Kollontai's Autobiographie einer sexuell emanzipierten Kommunistin, Munich, Rogner & Bernhard, 1970 (quoted from the Italian edition, Autobiografia, Milan, Feltrinelli, 1975, p. 67). Fetscher's book presents a collation of both the versions written by Kollontai, the initial draft and the second expurgated one. The two versions are also collated in the English online edition accessible at Marxists Internet Archive.
An abridged version edited by Sally Ryan (2000) and Chris Clayton (2006) and drawn from Alexandra Kollontai: Selected Articles and Speeches (Moscow, Progress Publishers, 1984) is accessible online at Marxists Internet Archive.
Kollontai, Aleksandra (1926), Autobiography..., op. cit. (drawn from Marxists.org).
Theses of the Workers Opposition translated by Barbara Allen for marxists.org from: Tasks of Trade Unions, Pravda, 25 January 1921.
Trotsky, Leon. "Speech in Discussion of the Policies of the Russian Communist Party July 5, 1921". Marxist Archive. Retrieved 22 February 2021.
Shliapnikov: Appeal of the 22 at Marxists Internet Archive
Saint Petersburg: Znamie. Chapter 3: "The Struggle for Political Rights" (quotation from Marxists.org, translation by Alix Holt (1977): Selected Writings of Alexandra Kollontai. London: Allison & Busby).
"Communism and the Family by Alexandra Kollontai". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
Kollontai, A. (1920) "Communism and the Family," text Kommunistka.
Reproduced at marxists.org, translated by Salvator Attansio, proofed and corrected by Chris Clayton.

moma.org

"Recent films from West-Germany" (PDF). Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 19 March 2021.

nobelprize.org

"Nomination archive: Alexandra Mikhaylovna Kollontay". The Nobel Prize. April 2020. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
The Nobel Peace Prize: Revelations from the Soviet Past. Nobelprize.org. Retrieved on 16 June 2011.

nytimes.com

"Bolshevik leaders reacted to the difference in their ages like cackling village gossips," adds Simon Karlinsky ("The Menshivic, Bolshevik, Stalinist feminist". The New York Times, 4 January 1981). Both Dybenko and Shliapnikov were People's Commissars alongside Kollontai in the first Soviet government.
Karlinsky, Simon (4 January 1981). "The Menshivik, Bolshevik, Stalinist feminist". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2018.

ria.ru

Биография Александры Коллонтай. ria.ru (in Russian). 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2018). "Crashing the Party: The radical legacy of a Soviet-era feminist". World Policy Journal. 35 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1215/07402775-7085877. ISSN 1936-0924. S2CID 159006262.
Roelofs, Joan (2 January 2018). "Alexandra Kollontai: Socialist Feminism in Theory and Practice". International Critical Thought. 8 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1080/21598282.2017.1419436. ISSN 2159-8282. S2CID 158374267.

skbl.se

"Aleksandra Mikhajlova Kollontaj". Svenskt kvinnobiografiskt lexikon.
"skbl.se - Ada Konstantia Nilsson". skbl.se. Retrieved 13 October 2024.

solidarity-us.org

Ebert, Teresa (1999) "Alexandra Kollontai and Red Love" Archived 28 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 24 February 2016).

spartacus-educational.com

According to John Simkin, on 27 February trade unionists supporting the Workers' Opposition published a proclamation calling for 'freedom of speech, press and assembly for all who labour', and for the 'liberation of all arrested Socialists and non-partisan workers.' (Alexander Shlyapnikov at Spartacus Educational). However, these positions appear much more in line with those of the Kronstadt insurgents than with the mainstream of the Workers' Opposition.
Simkin, John, Alexandra Kollontai, at Spartacus Educational

stanford.edu

plato.stanford.edu

Ferguson, Ann; Hennessy, Rosemary; Nagel, Mechthild (2021), "Feminist Perspectives on Class and Work", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2021 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 22 March 2022

umn.edu

d-commons.d.umn.edu

Allen 2007, p. 31. Allen, Barbara C. (2007). "Early dissent within the party: Alexander Shliapnikov and the letter of the twenty-two". The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928 (PDF). Vol. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2021.
Allen 2007, p. 48. Allen, Barbara C. (2007). "Early dissent within the party: Alexander Shliapnikov and the letter of the twenty-two". The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928 (PDF). Vol. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2021.

web.archive.org

Allen 2007, p. 31. Allen, Barbara C. (2007). "Early dissent within the party: Alexander Shliapnikov and the letter of the twenty-two". The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928 (PDF). Vol. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2021.
Allen 2007, p. 48. Allen, Barbara C. (2007). "Early dissent within the party: Alexander Shliapnikov and the letter of the twenty-two". The NEP Era: Soviet Russia 1921-1928 (PDF). Vol. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 November 2021.
Ebert, Teresa (1999) "Alexandra Kollontai and Red Love" Archived 28 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine. (Retrieved 24 February 2016).
The Voice Of Russia. vor.ru (Spanish)
Биография Александры Коллонтай. ria.ru (in Russian). 26 July 2017. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023.

wikipedia.org

bg.wikipedia.org

She was preceded by the First Hungarian Republic representative to Switzerland Rosika Schwimmer (1918), the First Republic of Armenia Honorary Consul to Japan Diana Apcar (1920), and the 'first secretary' of the Bulgarian legation to the United States Nadezhda Stanchova [bg] (1921).

it.wikipedia.org

According to Antonio Moscato [it], apart from Stalin and Kollontai, there were 19 full members in the Central Committee at the time of the Bolshevik Revolution: two of them were killed by counter-revolutionaries; five, including Lenin, died for other causes before Stalin's accession to power; the 12 members left fell all victims of Stalinist repression, including Trotsky who was assassinated in Mexico [La distruzione del partito bolscevico (a chapter of the essay: Lenin e Trotsky, le ragioni di una collaborazione), in Lenin/Trotsky (2017). Su Marx. L'approccio dei due capi della Rivoluzione russa (in Italian). Goware ebook. ISBN 978-88-6797-883-0]. However, Matvei Muranov too came unharmed through purges, outliving all his former colleagues until 1959: the exact number of those who fell victims of Stalin must thus be calculated as 11. For the list and dates of death of the full members of the Bolshevik Central Committee elected at the 6th Congress, see: Hirschkowitz, Naftali, ed. (2005–2020). "Comitato Centrale, eletto dal VI Congresso del POSDR(b) 3(16).8.1917, membri". Guida alla storia del Partito Comunista e dell'Unione Sovietica 1898 - 1991 (in Russian and Italian).

ru.wikipedia.org

Another of Kollontai's half-nephews (the son of her eldest half-sister Adèle and also her own cousin), who was an out-and-out Bolshevik from 1917, committed suicide in 1931. "They overdid vigilance," bitterly wrote Kollontai in her diary, as she prepared, "trembling", to tell her half-sister the terrible news (Farnsworth [2010], p. 960). Farnsworth does not mention the suicide's name, but, according to the Russian Wikipedia, the name of the only male child of Adèle (Аглаиде) and Konstantin Alekseevich Domontovich [ru] was Mikhail, the same as Kollontai's.

wiley.com

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Zukas, Alex (20 April 2009), "Kollontai, Alexandra (1872-1952)", in Ness, Immanuel (ed.), The International Encyclopedia of Revolution and Protest, Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–2, doi:10.1002/9781405198073.wbierp0858, ISBN 978-1-4051-9807-3, retrieved 2 May 2023, Alexandra Kollontai, nee Domontovich, who held the distinctions of being the first woman cabinet minister and the first woman ambassador

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Ghodsee, Kristen R. (2018). "Crashing the Party: The radical legacy of a Soviet-era feminist". World Policy Journal. 35 (2): 70–74. doi:10.1215/07402775-7085877. ISSN 1936-0924. S2CID 159006262.
Roelofs, Joan (2 January 2018). "Alexandra Kollontai: Socialist Feminism in Theory and Practice". International Critical Thought. 8 (1): 166–175. doi:10.1080/21598282.2017.1419436. ISSN 2159-8282. S2CID 158374267.