Algerian Civil War (English Wikipedia)

"Algerian group backs al-Qaeda". BBC News. 23 October 2003. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
"Profile: Algeria's Salafist group". BBC News. 14 May 2003. Retrieved 7 November 2008.
New chief for Algeria's Islamists, Arezki Himeur, BBC News, 7 September 2004.
"Country profile: Algeria". BBC News. 20 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

books.google.com

Rex Brynen; Bahgat Korany; Paul Noble (1995). Political Liberalization and Democratization in the Arab World. Vol. 1. Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-55587-579-4.
Sidaoui, Riadh (2009). "Islamic Politics and the Military: Algeria 1962–2008". In Lane, Jan-Erik; Redissi, Hamadi; Ṣaydāwī, Riyāḍ (eds.). Religion and Politics: Islam and Muslim Civilization. Ashgate. pp. 241–243. ISBN 978-0-7546-7418-4.
Karl DeRouen Jr.; Uk Heo (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II. ABC-CLIO. pp. 115–117. ISBN 978-1-85109-919-1.
Yahia H. Zoubir; Haizam Amirah-Fernández (2008). North Africa: Politics, Region, and the Limits of Transformation. Routledge. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-134-08740-2.
Mannes, Aaron (2004). Profiles in Terror: The Guide to Middle East Terrorist Organizations. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-7425-3525-1.
Cordesman, Anthony H. (2002). A Tragedy of Arms: Military and Security Developments in the Maghreb. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-275-96936-3.
Brosché, Johan; Höglund, Kristine (2015). "The diversity of peace and war in Africa". Armaments, Disarmament and International Security. Oxford University Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-19-873781-0.
Tabarani, Gabriel G. (2011). Jihad's New Heartlands: Why The West Has Failed To Contain Islamic Fundamentalism. AuthorHouse. p. 329. ISBN 978-1-4678-9180-6.
Harmon, Stephen A. (2014). Terror and Insurgency in the Sahara-Sahel Region: Corruption, Contraband, Jihad and the Mali War of 2012–2013. Ashgate. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4094-5475-5.
Paul Collier; Nicholas Sambanis (2005). Understanding Civil War: Africa. World Bank Publications. p. 235. ISBN 978-0-8213-6047-7.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.255 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.254 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.159-60 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.166 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.165 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.162–63 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.164 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.166–67 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.169 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Joffe, George (2008). "Democracy and the Muslim World". In Teixeira, Nuno Severiano (ed.). The International Politics of Democratization: Comparative Perspectives. Routledge. p. 167. ISBN 978-1-134-05436-7.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.171 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.170 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.170–71 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Martínez, Luis (2000) [1998]. The Algerian Civil War, 1990–1998. Columbia University Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-231-11996-2.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.173 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.174 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Djerejian, Edward P.; Martin, William (2008). Danger and Opportunity: An American Ambassador's Journey Through the Middle East. Simon and Schuster. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-4391-1412-4.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.258 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.262 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.260 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.263 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.264 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.265 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
"Algeria". Fields of Fire: An Atlas of Ethnic Conflict. Lulu. 2009. p. 2.07. ISBN 978-0-9554657-7-2.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.268 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.268-9 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.267 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.271 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.272-3 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.274 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.175-6 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.275 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.
Kepel, Jihad, 2002: p.256 Kepel, Gilles (2002). Jihad: The Trail of Political Islam. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01090-1.

carnegie-mec.org

The "black decade" or "décennie noire":
- Ghanem, Dalia (22 October 2021). "Education in Algeria: Don't Mention the War". carnegie-mec.org. Retrieved 5 March 2023.

cfr.org

Takeyh, Ray (Summer 2003). "Islamism in Algeria: A struggle between hope and agony". Middle East Policy. 10 (2). Council on Foreign Relations: 62–75. doi:10.1111/1475-4967.00106. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.

child-soldiers.org

Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (2001). "Global Report on Child Soldiers". child-soldiers.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (2004). "Child Soldiers Global Report 2004". child-soldiers.org. Retrieved 16 May 2018.

doi.org

Takeyh, Ray (Summer 2003). "Islamism in Algeria: A struggle between hope and agony". Middle East Policy. 10 (2). Council on Foreign Relations: 62–75. doi:10.1111/1475-4967.00106. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.

elkhabar.com

استفادة 408 شخص من قانون المصالحة وإرهابي يسلم نفسه Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, El Khabar Archived 27 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, 25 September 2006

fidh.org

Projet de charte pour la paix et la réconciliation nationale: pas d'impunité au nom de la " réconciliation " !, International Federation of Human Rights, 22 September 2005 (in French)

fpif.org

Prince, Rob (16 October 2012). "Algerians Shed Few Tears for Deceased President Chadli Bendjedid". Foreign Policy in Focus. Retrieved 17 June 2015.

france24.com

"Algerian army accused in massacre of French monks". France 24. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009.

georgetown.edu

law.georgetown.edu

see also: International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic Archived 7 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine & Women Living Under Muslim Laws, Shadow Report on Algeria p. 15.

h-net.org

Calvert, John (March 2003). "The Logic of the Algerian Civil War [Review of Luis Martinez. The Algerian Civil War, 1990–1998.]". H-Net online. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

hicn.org

Hagelstein, Roman (2007). "Where and When does Violence Pay Off? The Algerian Civil War". HICN. Households in Conflict Network: 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
"Explaining the Violence Pattern of the Algerian Civil War, Roman Hagelstein, Households in Conflict Network, pp. 9, 17" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2012.

hrw.org

Arms trade in practice, Hrw.org, October 2000
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igc.org

desip.igc.org

The Observer, 11 January 1998; "Algeria regime 'was behind Paris bombs'"

justice.net.nz

George Joffe Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, "Report: Ahmad Zaoui", 3 June 2003, p. 16:See also Martinez 1998:217: "So might the GIA not be the hidden face of a military regime faced with the need to rearrange its economic resources?"

lemonde.fr

En Algérie, dans la Mitidja, ni pardon ni oubli Archived 29 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Le Monde, 28 September 2005 (in French)

meforum.org

"Anwar N. Haddam: An Islamist Vision for Algeria". Middle East Quarterly. September 1996. Retrieved 18 January 2013.

merip.org

(Roberts, Hugh. "Algeria's Contested Elections". Middle East Report 209. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

nationsencyclopedia.com

Algeria, Encyclopedia of the Nations

newrepublic.com

Ajami, Fouad (27 January 2010). "The Furrows of Algeria". New Republic. Retrieved 4 June 2015.

nytimes.com

Whitney, Craig R. (24 May 1996). "7 French Monks Reported Killed By Islamic Militants in Algeria". The New York Times. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
ROBERT D. HERSHEY JR. (30 December 1989). "Worrying Anew Over Oil Imports". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 April 2008.
Whitney, Craig R. (24 May 1996). "7 French Monks Reported Killed By Islamic Militants in Algeria". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
DAOUD, KAMEL (29 May 2015). "The Algerian Exception". The New York Times. Retrieved 2 June 2015.

terrorismanalysts.com

Cavatorta, Francesco (2008). "Alternative Lessons from the 'Algerian Scenario'". Perspectives on Terrorism. 2 (1). Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2015.

timesonline.co.uk

Naughton, Philippe (20 November 1993). "Islamic militants' death threat drives foreigners from Algeria". The Times. London.(quoted in Willis 1996)

tripod.com

algeriawatch.tripod.com

"Part 4". algeriawatch.tripod.com.

washingtonpost.com

Whitlock, Craig (5 October 2006). "Al-Qaeda's Far-Reaching New Partner". The Washington Post. p. A01.

web.archive.org

Hagelstein, Roman (2007). "Where and When does Violence Pay Off? The Algerian Civil War". HICN. Households in Conflict Network: 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
Cavatorta, Francesco (2008). "Alternative Lessons from the 'Algerian Scenario'". Perspectives on Terrorism. 2 (1). Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
Entre menace, censure et liberté: La presse privé algérienne se bat pour survivre, 31 March 1998
Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers (2001). "Global Report on Child Soldiers". child-soldiers.org. Archived from the original on 25 May 2019. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
"Explaining the Violence Pattern of the Algerian Civil War, Roman Hagelstein, Households in Conflict Network, pp. 9, 17" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
Takeyh, Ray (Summer 2003). "Islamism in Algeria: A struggle between hope and agony". Middle East Policy. 10 (2). Council on Foreign Relations: 62–75. doi:10.1111/1475-4967.00106. Archived from the original on 11 May 2015. Retrieved 6 June 2015.
see also: International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic Archived 7 February 2006 at the Wayback Machine & Women Living Under Muslim Laws, Shadow Report on Algeria p. 15.
"algeria-interface.com". Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
(Roberts, Hugh. "Algeria's Contested Elections". Middle East Report 209. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2009.
"Algerian army accused in massacre of French monks". France 24. 7 July 2009. Archived from the original on 7 July 2009.
"Algeria: A human rights crisis" (PDF). Amnesty International. 5 September 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 7 November 2013.
"Quote". Archived from the original on 26 October 2005.
Kalyvas, Stathis N. "Wanton and Senseless?: The Logic of Massacres in Algeria" Archived 12 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Rationality and Society 1999; 11:
George Joffe Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, "Report: Ahmad Zaoui", 3 June 2003, p. 16:See also Martinez 1998:217: "So might the GIA not be the hidden face of a military regime faced with the need to rearrange its economic resources?"
Shadow Report on Algeria To The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Submitted by: International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic and Women Living Under Muslim Laws| January, 1999| p. 20. note 27
"Political Violence And The Prospect Of Peace In Algeria", in Perihelion, journal of the European Rim Policy And Investment Council, April 2003
En Algérie, dans la Mitidja, ni pardon ni oubli Archived 29 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine, Le Monde, 28 September 2005 (in French)
Algeria: New Amnesty Law Will Ensure Atrocities Go Unpunished, International Center for Transitional Justice, Press Release, 1 March 2006
استفادة 408 شخص من قانون المصالحة وإرهابي يسلم نفسه Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine, El Khabar Archived 27 September 2006 at the Wayback Machine, 25 September 2006
"Country profile: Algeria". BBC News. 20 September 2008. Archived from the original on 16 February 2009. Retrieved 16 February 2009.

wluml.org

Shadow Report on Algeria To The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Submitted by: International Women's Human Rights Law Clinic and Women Living Under Muslim Laws| January, 1999| p. 20. note 27

yale.edu

research.yale.edu

Kalyvas, Stathis N. "Wanton and Senseless?: The Logic of Massacres in Algeria" Archived 12 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine Rationality and Society 1999; 11: