Alloy (English Wikipedia)

Gammons, Christopher H.; Williams-Jones, A. E. (April 1995). "Hydrothermal geochemistry of electrum; thermodynamic constraints". Economic Geology. 90 (2): 420–432. Bibcode:1995EcGeo..90..420G. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.2.420.
Ahles, Aaron A.; et al. (December 2021). "Mechanical properties of meteoritic Fe-Ni alloys for in-situ extraterrestrial structures". Acta Astronautica. 189: 465–475. Bibcode:2021AcAau.189..465A. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.001.
Zhao, J.; et al. (2025). "Metallurgical analyses reveal brass production in the Northeast China". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 17 (1) 2. Bibcode:2025ArAnS..17....2Z. doi:10.1007/s12520-024-02108-z.
Hull, C. J.; et al. (June 2020). "The liquid state of carbon". Chemical Physics Letters. 749 137341. id. 137341. Bibcode:2020CPL...74937341H. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137341.
Hogan, C. (1969). "Density of States of an Insulating Ferromagnetic Alloy". Physical Review. 188 (2): 870–874. Bibcode:1969PhRv..188..870H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.188.870.
Zhang, X.; Suhl, H. (1985). "Spin-wave-related period doublings and chaos under transverse pumping". Physical Review A. 32 (4): 2530–2533. Bibcode:1985PhRvA..32.2530Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.32.2530. PMID 9896377.
Birol, Yucel (February 5, 2012). "AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 513: 150–153. Bibcode:2012JAllC.513..150B. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.010. ISSN 0925-8388.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Elshennawy, Ahmad K.; Weheba, Gamal S. (2015). Manufacturing Processes & Materials (5th ed.). Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME). pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-0-87263-871-6.
Anderson, Robert John (1925). The Metallurgy of Aluminium and Aluminium Alloys. H. C. Baird & Company, Incorporated. pp. 261–266.
Demeri, Mahmoud Y. (2013). Advanced High-Strength Steels: Science, Technology, and Applications. ASM International. pp. 41–45. ISBN 978-1-62708-005-7.
Tong, Colin (2018). Introduction to Materials for Advanced Energy Systems. Springer. p. 400. ISBN 978-3-319-98002-7.
Klabunde, K. J.; Cardenas-Trivino, G. (2008). "Metal Atom/Vapor Approaches to Active Metal Clusters/Particles". In Fürstner, Alois (ed.). Active Metals: Preparation, Characterization, Applications. John Wiley & Sons. p. 272. ISBN 978-3-527-61516-2.
Kaushish, J. P. (2010). Manufacturing Prosesses (2nd ed.). PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. ISBN 978-81-203-4082-4.
Allcock, Harry R. (2019). Introduction to Materials Chemistry (2nd ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 271–272. ISBN 978-1-119-34119-2.
Wadhwa, Amandeep Singh; Dhaliwal, Harvinder Singh (2008). A Textbook of Engineering Material and Metallurgy. Firewall Media. pp. 206–211, 439. ISBN 978-81-318-0357-8.
Thompson, John Graham (1958). Nickel and Its Alloys. Circular of the USA National Bureau of Standards. Vol. 592. U.S. Department of Commerce. pp. 54–55.
Groover, Mikell P. (2010). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems (4 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0470-467008.
Verhoeven, John D. (2007). Steel Metallurgy for the Non-metallurgist. ASM International. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-61503-056-9. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05.
Shamsuddin, M. (2016). Physical Chemistry of Metallurgical Processes. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 383–384. ISBN 978-1-119-07831-9.
Bose, Sudhangshu (2011). High Temperature Coatings. Elsevier. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-08-046955-3.
Davis, Joseph R. (1993). ASM Specialty Handbook: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. ASM International. p. 211. ISBN 978-0-87170-496-2.
Froes, F. H., ed. (2015). Titanium: Physical Metallurgy, Processing, and Applications. EngineeringPro collection. ASM International. pp. 15–16. ISBN 978-1-62708-080-4.
Reardon, Arthur C., ed. (2011). Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist (Second ed.). ASM International. pp. 233–238. ISBN 978-1-61503-845-9.
Denham, Henry George (1922). An Inorganic Chemistry. E. Arnold & Company. p. 628.
Davis, Joseph R., ed. (2004). Tensile Testing (2nd ed.). ASM International. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-61503-095-8.
Mills, Adelbert Phillo (1922). Hayward, Harrison W. (ed.). Materials of Construction: Their Manufacture and Properties (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & sons, inc, originally published by the University of Wisconsin, Madison. p. 34.
Yeh, Jien-Wei; Santodonato, Louis J. (2016). "Physical Metallurgy". In Gao, Michael C.; et al. (eds.). High-Entropy Alloys: Fundamentals and Applications. Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-27013-5.
Messler, Robert W. (2004). Joining of Materials and Structures: From Pragmatic Process to Enabling Technology. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-08-047884-5.
Campbell, Flake C., ed. (2008). Elements of Metallurgy and Engineering Alloys. ASM International. p. 81. ISBN 978-1-61503-058-3.
Naumann, Robert J. (2008). Introduction to the Physics and Chemistry of Materials. CRC Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-4200-6134-5.
Ross, Robert B. (1988). Handbook of Metal Treatments and Testing (2nd ed.). Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 320–321. ISBN 978-0-412-31390-5.
Lahiri, Amiya Kumar (2017). Applied Metallurgy and Corrosion Control: A Handbook for the Petrochemical Industry. Indian Institute of Metals Series. Springer. pp. 117–118. ISBN 978-981-10-4684-1.
Dossett, Jon L.; Boyer, Howard E. (2006). Practical heat treating (2nd ed.). ASM International. pp. 1–14. ISBN 978-1-61503-110-8.
Blair, Malcolm; Stevens, Thomas L., eds. (1995). Steel Castings Handbook (6th ed.). ASM International. p. 24–2. ISBN 978-1-61503-242-6.
Horath, Larry (2019). Fundamentals of Materials Science for Technologists: Properties, Testing, and Laboratory Exercises (Third ed.). Waveland Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-4786-3953-4.
González-Velázquez, Jorge Luis (2019). Correia, José A. F. O.; De Jesus, Abílio M. P. (eds.). Mechanical Behavior and Fracture of Engineering Materials. Structural Integrity. Vol. 12. Springer Nature. pp. 129–132. ISBN 978-3-030-29241-6.
Martin, J. W. (2016). Hume-Rothery, W. (ed.). Precipitation Hardening. The Commonwealth and International Library: Selected Readings in Metallurgy. Elsevier. pp. 3–8. ISBN 978-1-4831-8250-6.
Murray, George; et al. (1993). Introduction to Engineering Materials: Behavior: Properties, and Selection. Materials Engineering. CRC Press. pp. 227–230. ISBN 978-1-4398-1498-7.
Martin, J. W. (2012). Precipitation Hardening: Theory and Applications (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-08-098489-6.
Chandler, Harry, ed. (1998). Metallurgy for the Non-Metallurgist. ASM International. pp. 1–5. ISBN 978-0-87170-652-2.
Alarifi, Ibrahim M. (2021). Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology. Elsevier. pp. 61–63. ISBN 978-0-12-824249-0.
Rapp, George (2009). Archaeomineralogy. Springer. p. 180. ISBN 978-3-540-78593-4. Retrieved 2016-04-28.
Miskimin, Harry A. (1977). The economy of later Renaissance Europe, 1460–1600. Cambridge University Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-521-29208-5.
Nicholson, Paul T.; Shaw, Ian (2000). Ancient Egyptian materials and technology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 164–167. ISBN 0-521-45257-0.
Kay, Melvyn (2008). Practical Hydraulics. Taylor and Francis. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-415-35115-7.
Benvenuto, Mark Anthony (2016). Metals and Alloys: Industrial Applications. De Gruyter Textbook. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-3-11-044185-7.
Brinkley, Frank (1904). Japan and China: Japan, its history, arts, and literature. Oxford University. p. 317.
Roberts, George Adam; et al. (1998). Tool steels. ASM International. pp. 2–4. ISBN 0-87170-599-0.
Suryanarayana, C. (2011). Experimental Techniques in Materials and Mechanics. CRC Press. p. 202. ISBN 978-1-4398-1904-3.
Bramfitt, B. L. (2001). Metallographer's Guide: Practice and Procedures for Irons and Steels. ASM International. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-1-61503-146-7.
Tweedale, Geoffrey (1987). Sheffield Steel and America: A Century of Commercial and Technological Independence. Cambridge University Press. pp. 57–75. ISBN 978-0-521-33458-7.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Gammons, Christopher H.; Williams-Jones, A. E. (April 1995). "Hydrothermal geochemistry of electrum; thermodynamic constraints". Economic Geology. 90 (2): 420–432. Bibcode:1995EcGeo..90..420G. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.90.2.420.
Ahles, Aaron A.; et al. (December 2021). "Mechanical properties of meteoritic Fe-Ni alloys for in-situ extraterrestrial structures". Acta Astronautica. 189: 465–475. Bibcode:2021AcAau.189..465A. doi:10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.09.001.
Muhly, James D. (April 1985). "Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy". American Journal of Archaeology. 89 (2): 275–291. doi:10.2307/504330. JSTOR 504330.
Beagrie, Neil (1989). "The Romano-British Pewter Industry". Britannia. 20. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies: 169–191. doi:10.2307/526161. JSTOR 526161.
Zhao, J.; et al. (2025). "Metallurgical analyses reveal brass production in the Northeast China". Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. 17 (1) 2. Bibcode:2025ArAnS..17....2Z. doi:10.1007/s12520-024-02108-z.
Lianghui, Q. (1996). "A Preliminary Study of the Characteristics of Metallurgical Technology in Ancient China". In Dainian, F.; Cohen, R. S. (eds.). Chinese Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science. Vol. 179. Dordrecht: Springer. pp. 219–241. doi:10.1007/978-94-015-8717-4_18. ISBN 978-90-481-4546-1.
Hull, C. J.; et al. (June 2020). "The liquid state of carbon". Chemical Physics Letters. 749 137341. id. 137341. Bibcode:2020CPL...74937341H. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137341.
Hogan, C. (1969). "Density of States of an Insulating Ferromagnetic Alloy". Physical Review. 188 (2): 870–874. Bibcode:1969PhRv..188..870H. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.188.870.
Zhang, X.; Suhl, H. (1985). "Spin-wave-related period doublings and chaos under transverse pumping". Physical Review A. 32 (4): 2530–2533. Bibcode:1985PhRvA..32.2530Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.32.2530. PMID 9896377.
Rickard, T.A. (1941). "The Use of Meteoric Iron". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 71 (1/2): 55–66. doi:10.2307/2844401. JSTOR 2844401.
Pernicka, Ernst (2014). Horejs, Barbara; Mehofer, Mathias (eds.). The Development of Metallurgy in Western Anatolia, the Aegean and Southeastern Europe before Troy. Western Anatolia before Troy. Proto-Urbanisation in the 4th Millennium BC? Proceedings of the International Symposium held at the Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria, 21‒24 November, 2012. Wien. pp. 447–461. doi:10.11588/propylaeumdok.00004660.
De Ryck, I.; Adriaens, A.; Adams, F. (July–September 2005). "An overview of Mesopotamian bronze metallurgy during the 3rd millennium BC". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 6 (3): 261–268. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.002. hdl:1854/LU-329902.
Powell, Wayne; Bankoff, H. Arthur; Mason, Amir Y.; Mathur, Ryan; Bulatović, Aleksandar; Filipović, Vojislav; Gajić-Krsmanović, Milica; Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L. (30 November 2022). "Tin from Uluburun shipwreck shows small-scale commodity exchange fueled continental tin supply across Late Bronze Age Eurasia". Science Advances. 8 (48). doi:10.1126/sciadv.abq3766.
Birol, Yucel (February 5, 2012). "AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 513: 150–153. Bibcode:2012JAllC.513..150B. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.010. ISSN 0925-8388.

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"Casting answers & advice.", Modern Casting, vol. 89, no. 7, Illinois: American Foundry Society, p. 56, July 1999

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Hull, C. J.; et al. (June 2020). "The liquid state of carbon". Chemical Physics Letters. 749 137341. id. 137341. Bibcode:2020CPL...74937341H. doi:10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137341.

goldconference.in (Global: low place; English: low place)

Hoyal, Ankur (2022-07-29). MMTC-PAMP: Introduction of Master Alloy (PDF). India Gold Conference. Chennai, India: MMTC-PAMP.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

De Ryck, I.; Adriaens, A.; Adams, F. (July–September 2005). "An overview of Mesopotamian bronze metallurgy during the 3rd millennium BC". Journal of Cultural Heritage. 6 (3): 261–268. doi:10.1016/j.culher.2005.04.002. hdl:1854/LU-329902.

hmsjournal.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mackenzie, R.; Whiteman, J. (2021). "Why pay more? An archaeometallurgical investigation of 19th-century Swedish wrought iron and Sheffield blister steel". Historical Metallurgy. 40 (2): 138–149. Retrieved 2025-09-30.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Muhly, James D. (April 1985). "Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy". American Journal of Archaeology. 89 (2): 275–291. doi:10.2307/504330. JSTOR 504330.
van der Merwe, Nikolaas J.; Avery, Donald H. (March–April 1982). "Pathways to Steel: Three different methods of making steel from iron were developed by ancient peoples of the Mediterranean, China, and Africa". American Scientist. 70 (2): 146–155. JSTOR 27851346.
Beagrie, Neil (1989). "The Romano-British Pewter Industry". Britannia. 20. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies: 169–191. doi:10.2307/526161. JSTOR 526161.
Rickard, T.A. (1941). "The Use of Meteoric Iron". Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. 71 (1/2): 55–66. doi:10.2307/2844401. JSTOR 2844401.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

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Zhang, X.; Suhl, H. (1985). "Spin-wave-related period doublings and chaos under transverse pumping". Physical Review A. 32 (4): 2530–2533. Bibcode:1985PhRvA..32.2530Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.32.2530. PMID 9896377.

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"Emperor's Ghost Army". pbs.org. November 2014. Retrieved 2025-10-02.

sciencedirect.com (Global: 137^th place; English: 146^th place)

Birol, Yucel (February 5, 2012). "AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 513: 150–153. Bibcode:2012JAllC.513..150B. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.010. ISSN 0925-8388.

slideshare.net (Global: 2,941^st place; English: 3,213^th place)

Jacobs, M. H. (2012-12-02). "Precipitation Hardnening". slideshare.net. TALAT Lecture 1204. University of Birmingham. Archived from the original on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2011-03-11.

utoledo.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Doehler-Jarvis Company Collection, MSS-202". www.utoledo.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-16.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Verhoeven, John D. (2007). Steel Metallurgy for the Non-metallurgist. ASM International. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-61503-056-9. Archived from the original on 2016-05-05.
Jacobs, M. H. (2012-12-02). "Precipitation Hardnening". slideshare.net. TALAT Lecture 1204. University of Birmingham. Archived from the original on 2012-12-02. Retrieved 2011-03-11.

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Birol, Yucel (February 5, 2012). "AlB3 master alloy to grain refine AlSi10Mg and AlSi12Cu aluminium foundry alloys". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 513: 150–153. Bibcode:2012JAllC.513..150B. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.010. ISSN 0925-8388.

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Loeber, Guido (2013-10-09). Master Alloys: Future Security of Supply With Master Alloys From a European Point of View (PDF). International Titanium Association Conference. Las Vegas: AMG Titanium Alloys & Coatings, GfE Metalle under Materialien GmbH.

Alloy (English Wikipedia)

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