Altitude sickness (English Wikipedia)

Baillie, K.; Simpson, A. "Acute mountain sickness". Apex (Altitude Physiology Expeditions). Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2007. — High altitude information for laypeople
Thompson, A. A. R. "Altitude Sickness". Apex. Retrieved 8 May 2007.

altitudemedicine.org

"Altitude Illness". Telluride, Colorado: Institute for Altitude Medicine.

archive.org

Tortora GJ, Anagnostakos NP (1987). Principles of anatomy and physiology (Fifth ed.). New York: Harper & Row, Publishers. pp. 444–445. ISBN 978-0-06-350729-6.
Hackett P, Shlim D (2009). "Chapter 2 The Pre-Travel Consultation – Self-Treatable Diseases – Altitude Illness". In Turell D, Brunette G, Kozarsky P, Lefor A (eds.). CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010 "The Yellow Book". St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7020-3481-7.

army.mil

usariem.army.mil

"Altitude Acclimatization Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012.

basecampmd.com

"Prophylaxis". Everest BC Clinic, BaseCampMD.com. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
"Treating AMS". Everest BC Clinic, BaseCampMD.com. Retrieved 21 November 2009.

books.google.com

Ferri FF (2016). Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017 E-Book: 5 Books in 1. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 590. ISBN 9780323448383.
West JB (2013). High Life: A History of High-Altitude Physiology and Medicine. Springer. pp. 2–7. ISBN 9781461475736.
Dannen K, Dannen D (2002). Rocky Mountain National Park. Globe Pequot. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7627-2245-7 – via Google Books. Visitors unaccustomed to high elevations may experience symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS)[...s]uggestions for alleviating symptoms include drinking plenty of water[.]

cdc.gov

wwwnc.cdc.gov

Hackett P, Shlim D (2009). "Chapter 2 The Pre-Travel Consultation – Self-Treatable Diseases – Altitude Illness". In Turell D, Brunette G, Kozarsky P, Lefor A (eds.). CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010 "The Yellow Book". St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-0-7020-3481-7.

doi.org

Simancas-Racines D, Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Osorio D, Franco JV, Xu Y, Hidalgo R (June 2018). "Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (12): CD009567. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009567.pub2. PMC 6513207. PMID 29959871.
Meier D, Collet TH, Locatelli I, Cornuz J, Kayser B, Simel DL, Sartori C (November 2017). "Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review". JAMA. 318 (18): 1810–1819. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16192. PMID 29136449. S2CID 205087288.
Douglas DJ, Schoene RB (June 2010). "End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and acute mountain sickness in the first 24 hours upon ascent to Cusco Peru (3326 meters)". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 21 (2): 109–13. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2010.01.003. PMID 20591371.
Hackett PH, Roach RC (July 2001). "High-altitude illness". The New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (2): 107–14. doi:10.1056/NEJM200107123450206. PMID 11450659.
Molano Franco D, Nieto Estrada VH, Gonzalez Garay AG, Martí-Carvajal AJ, Arevalo-Rodriguez I (April 2019). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non-pharmacological interventions". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD013315. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013315. PMC 6477878. PMID 31012483.
Brown JP, Grocott MP (1 February 2013). "Humans at altitude: physiology and pathophysiology". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 13 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mks047. ISSN 1743-1816.
Platt D, Griggs RC (April 2012). "Use of acetazolamide in sulfonamide-allergic patients with neurologic channelopathies". Archives of Neurology. 69 (4): 527–9. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2723. PMC 3785308. PMID 22158718.
Kelly TE, Hackett PH (2010). "Acetazolamide and sulfonamide allergy: a not so simple story". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 11 (4): 319–23. doi:10.1089/ham.2010.1051. PMID 21190500.
Lee AG, Anderson R, Kardon RH, Wall M (July 2004). "Presumed "sulfa allergy" in patients with intracranial hypertension treated with acetazolamide or furosemide: cross-reactivity, myth or reality?". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 138 (1): 114–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.019. PMID 15234289.
Gonzalez Garay, Alejandro; Molano Franco, Daniel; Nieto Estrada, Víctor H.; Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J.; Arevalo-Rodriguez, Ingrid (March 2018). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (12): CD012983. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012983. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6494375. PMID 29529715.
Baillie JK, Thompson AA, Irving JB, Bates MG, Sutherland AI, Macnee W, et al. (May 2009). "Oral antioxidant supplementation does not prevent acute mountain sickness: double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial". QJM. 102 (5): 341–8. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp026. PMID 19273551.
Bauer I (26 November 2019). "Erythroxylum – a comprehensive review". Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 5 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7. PMC 6880514. PMID 31798934.
Wang J, Xiong X, Xing Y, Liu Z, Jiang W, Huang J, Feng B (2013). "Chinese herbal medicine for acute mountain sickness: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013: 732562. doi:10.1155/2013/732562. PMC 3881533. PMID 24454510.
West JB (February 1995). "Oxygen enrichment of room air to relieve the hypoxia of high altitude". Respiration Physiology. 99 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(94)00094-G. PMID 7777705.
Derstine, Mia; Small, Elan; Davis, Andrew M. (24 October 2024). "Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness". JAMA. 332 (19): 1665–1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 39446318.
Cain SM, Dunn JE (July 1966). "Low doses of acetazolamide to aid accommodation of men to altitude". Journal of Applied Physiology. 21 (4): 1195–200. doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.4.1195. PMID 5916650.
Grissom CK, Roach RC, Sarnquist FH, Hackett PH (March 1992). "Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mountain sickness: clinical efficacy and effect on gas exchange". Annals of Internal Medicine. 116 (6): 461–5. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-461. PMID 1739236. S2CID 1731172.
Lipman GS, Kanaan NC, Holck PS, Constance BB, Gertsch JH (June 2012). "Ibuprofen prevents altitude illness: a randomized controlled trial for prevention of altitude illness with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 59 (6): 484–90. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.019. PMID 22440488.
Gertsch JH, Corbett B, Holck PS, Mulcahy A, Watts M, Stillwagon NT, et al. (December 2012). "Altitude Sickness in Climbers and Efficacy of NSAIDs Trial (ASCENT): randomized, controlled trial of ibuprofen versus placebo for prevention of altitude illness". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 23 (4): 307–15. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2012.08.001. PMID 23098412.
Kanaan NC, Peterson AL, Pun M, Holck PS, Starling J, Basyal B, et al. (June 2017). "Prophylactic Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Results in Equivalent Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence at High Altitude: A Prospective Randomized Trial". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 28 (2): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2016.12.011. PMID 28479001.

flightsafety.org

FSF Editorial Staff (May–June 1997). "Wheel-well Stowaways Risk Lethal Levels of Hypoxia and Hypothermia" (PDF). Human Factors and Aviation Medicine. 44 (3). Flight Safety Foundation: 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2010. The relative amount of oxygen in the air (21 percent) does not vary appreciably at altitudes up to 21,350 meters (70,000 feet).

jamanetwork.com

Derstine, Mia; Small, Elan; Davis, Andrew M. (24 October 2024). "Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness". JAMA. 332 (19): 1665–1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 39446318.

medlineplus.gov

"Acute mountain sickness: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 9 February 2025.

merckmanuals.com

"Altitude Diseases – Injuries; Poisoning". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. May 2018. Retrieved 3 August 2018.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Simancas-Racines D, Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Osorio D, Franco JV, Xu Y, Hidalgo R (June 2018). "Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (12): CD009567. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009567.pub2. PMC 6513207. PMID 29959871.
Meier D, Collet TH, Locatelli I, Cornuz J, Kayser B, Simel DL, Sartori C (November 2017). "Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review". JAMA. 318 (18): 1810–1819. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16192. PMID 29136449. S2CID 205087288.
Douglas DJ, Schoene RB (June 2010). "End-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide and acute mountain sickness in the first 24 hours upon ascent to Cusco Peru (3326 meters)". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 21 (2): 109–13. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2010.01.003. PMID 20591371.
Hackett PH, Roach RC (July 2001). "High-altitude illness". The New England Journal of Medicine. 345 (2): 107–14. doi:10.1056/NEJM200107123450206. PMID 11450659.
Molano Franco D, Nieto Estrada VH, Gonzalez Garay AG, Martí-Carvajal AJ, Arevalo-Rodriguez I (April 2019). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non-pharmacological interventions". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD013315. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013315. PMC 6477878. PMID 31012483.
Platt D, Griggs RC (April 2012). "Use of acetazolamide in sulfonamide-allergic patients with neurologic channelopathies". Archives of Neurology. 69 (4): 527–9. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2723. PMC 3785308. PMID 22158718.
Kelly TE, Hackett PH (2010). "Acetazolamide and sulfonamide allergy: a not so simple story". High Altitude Medicine & Biology. 11 (4): 319–23. doi:10.1089/ham.2010.1051. PMID 21190500.
Lee AG, Anderson R, Kardon RH, Wall M (July 2004). "Presumed "sulfa allergy" in patients with intracranial hypertension treated with acetazolamide or furosemide: cross-reactivity, myth or reality?". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 138 (1): 114–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2004.02.019. PMID 15234289.
Gonzalez Garay, Alejandro; Molano Franco, Daniel; Nieto Estrada, Víctor H.; Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J.; Arevalo-Rodriguez, Ingrid (March 2018). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (12): CD012983. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012983. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6494375. PMID 29529715.
Baillie JK, Thompson AA, Irving JB, Bates MG, Sutherland AI, Macnee W, et al. (May 2009). "Oral antioxidant supplementation does not prevent acute mountain sickness: double blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial". QJM. 102 (5): 341–8. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp026. PMID 19273551.
Bates MG, Thompson AA, Baillie JK (March 2007). "Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in the treatment and prevention of high altitude pulmonary edema". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 8 (3): 226–31. PMID 17408118.
Bauer I (26 November 2019). "Erythroxylum – a comprehensive review". Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 5 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7. PMC 6880514. PMID 31798934.
Wang J, Xiong X, Xing Y, Liu Z, Jiang W, Huang J, Feng B (2013). "Chinese herbal medicine for acute mountain sickness: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013: 732562. doi:10.1155/2013/732562. PMC 3881533. PMID 24454510.
West JB (February 1995). "Oxygen enrichment of room air to relieve the hypoxia of high altitude". Respiration Physiology. 99 (2): 225–32. doi:10.1016/0034-5687(94)00094-G. PMID 7777705.
Derstine, Mia; Small, Elan; Davis, Andrew M. (24 October 2024). "Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness". JAMA. 332 (19): 1665–1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 39446318.
Cain SM, Dunn JE (July 1966). "Low doses of acetazolamide to aid accommodation of men to altitude". Journal of Applied Physiology. 21 (4): 1195–200. doi:10.1152/jappl.1966.21.4.1195. PMID 5916650.
Grissom CK, Roach RC, Sarnquist FH, Hackett PH (March 1992). "Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mountain sickness: clinical efficacy and effect on gas exchange". Annals of Internal Medicine. 116 (6): 461–5. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-461. PMID 1739236. S2CID 1731172.
Lipman GS, Kanaan NC, Holck PS, Constance BB, Gertsch JH (June 2012). "Ibuprofen prevents altitude illness: a randomized controlled trial for prevention of altitude illness with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 59 (6): 484–90. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.019. PMID 22440488.
Gertsch JH, Corbett B, Holck PS, Mulcahy A, Watts M, Stillwagon NT, et al. (December 2012). "Altitude Sickness in Climbers and Efficacy of NSAIDs Trial (ASCENT): randomized, controlled trial of ibuprofen versus placebo for prevention of altitude illness". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 23 (4): 307–15. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2012.08.001. PMID 23098412.
Kanaan NC, Peterson AL, Pun M, Holck PS, Starling J, Basyal B, et al. (June 2017). "Prophylactic Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Results in Equivalent Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence at High Altitude: A Prospective Randomized Trial". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 28 (2): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2016.12.011. PMID 28479001.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Simancas-Racines D, Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Osorio D, Franco JV, Xu Y, Hidalgo R (June 2018). "Interventions for treating acute high altitude illness". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 6 (12): CD009567. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009567.pub2. PMC 6513207. PMID 29959871.
Molano Franco D, Nieto Estrada VH, Gonzalez Garay AG, Martí-Carvajal AJ, Arevalo-Rodriguez I (April 2019). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 3. Miscellaneous and non-pharmacological interventions". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4 (4): CD013315. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013315. PMC 6477878. PMID 31012483.
Platt D, Griggs RC (April 2012). "Use of acetazolamide in sulfonamide-allergic patients with neurologic channelopathies". Archives of Neurology. 69 (4): 527–9. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2011.2723. PMC 3785308. PMID 22158718.
Gonzalez Garay, Alejandro; Molano Franco, Daniel; Nieto Estrada, Víctor H.; Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J.; Arevalo-Rodriguez, Ingrid (March 2018). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (12): CD012983. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012983. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6494375. PMID 29529715.
Bauer I (26 November 2019). "Erythroxylum – a comprehensive review". Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 5 (1): 20. doi:10.1186/s40794-019-0095-7. PMC 6880514. PMID 31798934.
Wang J, Xiong X, Xing Y, Liu Z, Jiang W, Huang J, Feng B (2013). "Chinese herbal medicine for acute mountain sickness: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013: 732562. doi:10.1155/2013/732562. PMC 3881533. PMID 24454510.

oup.com

academic.oup.com

Brown JP, Grocott MP (1 February 2013). "Humans at altitude: physiology and pathophysiology". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 13 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mks047. ISSN 1743-1816.

sciencedirect.com

Rose, Stuart R.; Keystone, Jay S.; Connor, Bradley A.; Hackett, Peter; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Quarry, Doug (1 January 2006). "CHAPTER 15 – Altitude Illness". In Rose, Stuart R.; Keystone, Jay S.; Connor, Bradley A.; Hackett, Peter (eds.). International Travel Health Guide 2006-2007 (Thirteenth ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. pp. 216–229. ISBN 978-0-323-04050-1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Meier D, Collet TH, Locatelli I, Cornuz J, Kayser B, Simel DL, Sartori C (November 2017). "Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review". JAMA. 318 (18): 1810–1819. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16192. PMID 29136449. S2CID 205087288.
Grissom CK, Roach RC, Sarnquist FH, Hackett PH (March 1992). "Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mountain sickness: clinical efficacy and effect on gas exchange". Annals of Internal Medicine. 116 (6): 461–5. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-116-6-461. PMID 1739236. S2CID 1731172.

stanford.edu

med.stanford.edu

Sanford, John (March 2012). "Ibuprofen decreases likelihood of altitude sickness, researchers find". Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.

unil.ch

serval.unil.ch

Meier D, Collet TH, Locatelli I, Cornuz J, Kayser B, Simel DL, Sartori C (November 2017). "Does This Patient Have Acute Mountain Sickness?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review". JAMA. 318 (18): 1810–1819. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.16192. PMID 29136449. S2CID 205087288.

web.archive.org

Rose, Stuart R.; Keystone, Jay S.; Connor, Bradley A.; Hackett, Peter; Kozarsky, Phyllis E.; Quarry, Doug (1 January 2006). "CHAPTER 15 – Altitude Illness". In Rose, Stuart R.; Keystone, Jay S.; Connor, Bradley A.; Hackett, Peter (eds.). International Travel Health Guide 2006-2007 (Thirteenth ed.). Philadelphia: Mosby. pp. 216–229. ISBN 978-0-323-04050-1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2022.
Baillie, K.; Simpson, A. "Acute mountain sickness". Apex (Altitude Physiology Expeditions). Archived from the original on 1 February 2010. Retrieved 8 August 2007. — High altitude information for laypeople
FSF Editorial Staff (May–June 1997). "Wheel-well Stowaways Risk Lethal Levels of Hypoxia and Hypothermia" (PDF). Human Factors and Aviation Medicine. 44 (3). Flight Safety Foundation: 2. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 28 October 2010. The relative amount of oxygen in the air (21 percent) does not vary appreciably at altitudes up to 21,350 meters (70,000 feet).
Muza, S.R.; Fulco, C.S.; Cymerman, A. (2004). "Altitude Acclimatization Guide". U.S. Army Research Inst. Of Environmental Medicine Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division Technical Report (USARIEM–TN–04–05). Archived from the original on 23 April 2009. Retrieved 5 March 2009.
"Altitude Acclimatization Guide" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2012.
Sanford, John (March 2012). "Ibuprofen decreases likelihood of altitude sickness, researchers find". Archived from the original on 24 April 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2012.

webmd.com

"What Is Altitude Sickness?". WebMD. Retrieved 2 July 2021.

wemjournal.org

Kanaan NC, Peterson AL, Pun M, Holck PS, Starling J, Basyal B, et al. (June 2017). "Prophylactic Acetaminophen or Ibuprofen Results in Equivalent Acute Mountain Sickness Incidence at High Altitude: A Prospective Randomized Trial". Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. 28 (2): 72–78. doi:10.1016/j.wem.2016.12.011. PMID 28479001.

who.int

whqlibdoc.who.int

World Health Organization (1 January 2007). "Chapter 3: Environmental health risks" (PDF). International travel and health. p. 31. Retrieved 21 November 2009.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Brown JP, Grocott MP (1 February 2013). "Humans at altitude: physiology and pathophysiology". Continuing Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain. 13 (1): 17–22. doi:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mks047. ISSN 1743-1816.
Gonzalez Garay, Alejandro; Molano Franco, Daniel; Nieto Estrada, Víctor H.; Martí-Carvajal, Arturo J.; Arevalo-Rodriguez, Ingrid (March 2018). "Interventions for preventing high altitude illness: Part 2. Less commonly-used drugs". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (12): CD012983. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD012983. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6494375. PMID 29529715.
Derstine, Mia; Small, Elan; Davis, Andrew M. (24 October 2024). "Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute Altitude Illness". JAMA. 332 (19): 1665–1666. doi:10.1001/jama.2024.19562. ISSN 0098-7484. PMID 39446318.