Aluminum electrolytic capacitor (English Wikipedia)

IEC 60384-4-1, Fixed capacitors for use in electronic equipment – Part 4-1: Blank detail specification – Fixed aluminium electrolytic capacitors with non-solid electrolyte, Beuth Verlag [10]
"Beuth Verlag – Normen, Standards & Fachliteratur kaufen | seit 1924". www.beuth.de.

books.google.com

P. McK. Deeley, "Electrolytic Capacitors", The Cornell-Dubilier Electric Corp. South Plainfield New Jersey, 1938 [6]

capacitorlab.com

"Capacitor Lab – Visual Signs of Capacitor Failure – Bulging and Leaking". www.capacitorlab.com.

capxongroup.com

"CapXon, Manufacturing Process". Archived from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2014-12-14.

cde.com

CDE, series DCMC, PDF
S. Parler, Cornell Dubilier CDE, "Heating in Aluminum Electrolytic Strobe and Photoflash Capacitors" PDF
"Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Application Guide" (PDF). Cornell Dubilier Capacitors. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-14. While the capacitors may withstand continuous application of 1.5 V reverse voltage, exceeding that can damage the capacitor by overheating, overpressure, and dielectric breakdown.

chemi-con.co.jp

NCC, Technical Note Judicious Use of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors PDF Archived 2017-05-05 at the Wayback Machine

datasheetarchive.com

"Bob Pease, Understand Capacitor Soakage to Optimize Analog Systems". Archived from the original on 2015-01-07. Retrieved 2014-12-14.

deepdyve.com

J. M. Sanz, J. M. Albella, J. M. Martinez-Duart, On the inhibition of the reaction between anodic aluminum oxide and water [13]

designers-guide.org

* "Modeling Dielectric Absorption in Capacitors", by Ken Kundert

dfrsolutions.com

Hillman; Helmold (2004), Identification of Missing or Insufficient Electrolyte Constituents in Failed Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors (PDF), DFR solutions
Joelle Arnold, Uprating of Electrolytic Capacitors, DfR Solutions
A New method for testing electrolytic capacitors to compare life expectancy dfrsolutions.com Archived 2017-10-25 at the Wayback Machine

digikey.com

S. G. Parler, Cornell Dubilier, Reliability of CDE Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors [9]

doi.org

J. Ho, T. R. Jow, S. Boggs, Historical Introduction to Capacitor Technology, Electrical Insulation Magazine, IEEE (Volume:26, Issue: 1) January 19, 2010, ISSN 0883-7554, doi:10.1109/MEI.2010.5383924, PDF Archived 2016-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
A. G. MacDiarmid, "'Synthetic metals': A novel role for organic polymers (Nobel Lecture)", Angewandte Chemie 2001, 40, 2581−2590. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010716)40:14<2581::aid-anie2581>3.0.co;2-2
S. Machida; S. Miyata; A. Techagumpuch (1989), "Chemical synthesis of highly electrically conductive polypyrrole", Synthetic Metals, 31 (3): 311–318, doi:10.1016/0379-6779(89)90798-4

dpma.de

depatisnet.dpma.de

Charles Pollack: D.R.P. 92564, filed 14 January 1896, granted 19 May 1897 D.R.P. 92564

ecadigitallibrary.com

J.L. Stevens, A.C. Geiculescu, T.F. Strange, Dielectric Aluminum Oxides: Nano-Structural Features and Composites PDF Archived 2014-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
J.L. Stevens, T. R. Marshall, A.C. Geiculescu m, C.R. Feger, T.F. Strange, Carts USA 2006, The Effects of Electrolyte Composition on the Deformation Characteristics of Wet Aluminum ICD Capacitors, [4] Archived 2014-11-26 at the Wayback Machine

edn.com

Gregory Mirsky, Determining end-of-life, ESR, and lifetime calculations for electrolytic capacitors at higher temperatures, EDN, August 20, 2008, [11]

electrochem.org

"Samuel Ruben: Inventor, Scholar, and Benefactor" by Kathryn R. Bullock PDF www.electrochem.org

electronicproducts.com

W. BONOMO, G. HOOPER, D. RICHARDSON, D. ROBERTS, and TH. VAN DE STEEG, Vishay Intertechnology, Failure modes in capacitors [12]

elna.co.jp

Elna, Principles, 3. Electrolyte, Table 2: An Example of the Composition of the Electrolyte "Aluminum electrolytic capacitors – Principles | ELNA". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
"Elna, Reliability of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors". Archived from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2014-12-14.

epcos.com

Ch. Baur, N. Will, Epcos, Long-term stability of aluminum electrolytic capacitors Built to last Archived 2015-01-28 at the Wayback Machine

epcos.de

Epcos, Aluminum electrolytic capacitors, General technical informations PDF

everyspec.com

"MIL-HDBK-217 F NOTICE-2 RELIABILITY PREDICTION ELECTRONIC". everyspec.com.

faradnet.com

Non-aqueous Electrolytes and Their Characteristics, FaradNet Electrolytic Capacitors, Part III: Chapter 10 [3] Archived 2016-06-17 at the Wayback Machine

fnal.gov

d0server1.fnal.gov

"Kemet, Polymer Tantalum Chip Capacitors" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-23. Retrieved 2014-12-14.

google.com.gt

Th. F. Strange, T. R. Marshall, Very high volt oxide formation of aluminum for electrolytic capacitors, US Patent 6299752 B1, 9. Okt. 2001, [2]

harvard.edu

nmr.mgh.harvard.edu

Nichicon, "General Descriptions of Aluminum Electolytic Capacitors, 1-3 Dielectric (Aluminum Oxide Layer)" PDF
"Nichicon, Application Guidelines for Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors" (PDF).

hitachi-chem.co.jp

Hitachi aic-europe, Explanations to the useful life, page 18 PDF

iec.ch

"Homepage". www.iec.ch.

webstore.iec.ch

"Welcome to the IEC Webstore". webstore.iec.ch.

ifre.re.kr

J. Ho, T. R. Jow, S. Boggs, Historical Introduction to Capacitor Technology, Electrical Insulation Magazine, IEEE (Volume:26, Issue: 1) January 19, 2010, ISSN 0883-7554, doi:10.1109/MEI.2010.5383924, PDF Archived 2016-12-05 at the Wayback Machine

jianghai-europe.com

Jianghai, 630 V-Elkos PDF Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
A. Albertsen, Jianghai Europe, "Keep your distance – Voltage Proof of Electrolytic Capacitors", PDF Archived 2013-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
A. Albertsen, Jianghai, Electrolytic Capacitor Lifetime Estimation PDF Archived 2013-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
Reliability of Electrolytic Capacitors, Dr. Arne Albertsen, Jianghai Europe PDF Archived 2020-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
Jianghai, Technical notes, Typical failure modes and factors of aluminum electrolytic capacitors PDF

kdk.com

"KDK, Specifications for Etched Foil for Anode, Low Voltage" (PDF).

kemet.com

Alfonso Berduque, Zongli Dou, Rong Xu, KEMET, Electrochemical Studies for Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor Applications: Corrosion Analysis of Aluminium in Ethylene Glycol-Based Electrolytes PDF Archived 2016-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
A. Berduque, Kemet, Low ESR Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors for Medium to High Voltage Applications, [7] Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine PDF

ncku.edu.tw

ir.lib.ncku.edu.tw

Jeng-Kuei Chang, Chia-Mei Lin, Chi-Min Liao, Chih-Hsiung Chen, Wen-Ta Tsai, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2004. "Effect of Heat-Treatment on Characteristics of Anodized Aluminum Oxide Formed in Ammonium Adipate Solution" [1] Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine DOI: 10.1149/1.1646140

niccomp.com

NIC, NSPE-H Serie, PDF
NIC Life expectancy of aluminum electrolytic capacitors (rev.1) (PDF Archived 2015-08-24 at the Wayback Machine)

nichicon.co.jp

products.nichicon.co.jp

Nichicon, CV series PDF

panasonic.com

industrial.panasonic.com

Production of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, Panasonic PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
Panasonic (10-degree-rule; PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine)
Panasonic, Reliability of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors PDF Archived 2015-01-17 at the Wayback Machine

panasonic.com

"Temporarily Unavailable". www.panasonic.com.

patents.google.com

US Patent Nr. 1774455, Electric condenser, filed October 19, 1925, granted August 26, 1930 [5]

rubycon.co.jp

Rubycon, Technical Notes for Electrolytic Capacitor, 2. Manufacture of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor PDF Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
"Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors FAQ". Rubycon Corporation. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-05. Owing to this film, it is said that the cathode foil will have the withstand voltage of about 1 to 1.5 V at room temperature. Since this film is not uniform, but unstable, and shows dispersion partly or for each lot, no guarantee is given to the withstand voltage of cathode.
Rubycon, Technical Notes for Electrolytic Capacitor, Charge and Discharge Application of Electrolytic Capacitor, PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
"Life of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors" (PDF). Rubycon Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-07.
Rubycon, Cautions for Proper Use of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor PDF Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine

sciencelinks.jp

Shigeru Uzawa, Akihiko Komat-u, Tetsushi Ogawara, Rubycon Corporation, Ultra Low Impedance Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with Water based Electrolyte "Science Links Japan | Ultra Low Impedance Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with Water based Electrolyte". Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2016-02-05.

vishay.com

"Vishay, Data sheet 128 SAL-RPM" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-17. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Vishay, Aluminium capacitors, Introduction, Revision: 10-Sep-13 1 Document Number: 28356, Chapter Storage, page 7 [8] Archived 2016-01-26 at the Wayback Machine
"Vishay, Engineering Solutions, Aluminum Capacitors in Power Supplies" (PDF).

web.archive.org

Jianghai, 630 V-Elkos PDF Archived 2013-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
J.L. Stevens, A.C. Geiculescu, T.F. Strange, Dielectric Aluminum Oxides: Nano-Structural Features and Composites PDF Archived 2014-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
Jeng-Kuei Chang, Chia-Mei Lin, Chi-Min Liao, Chih-Hsiung Chen, Wen-Ta Tsai, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2004. "Effect of Heat-Treatment on Characteristics of Anodized Aluminum Oxide Formed in Ammonium Adipate Solution" [1] Archived 2021-02-25 at the Wayback Machine DOI: 10.1149/1.1646140
A. Albertsen, Jianghai Europe, "Keep your distance – Voltage Proof of Electrolytic Capacitors", PDF Archived 2013-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
"Vishay, Data sheet 128 SAL-RPM" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-17. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Production of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors, Panasonic PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
"CapXon, Manufacturing Process". Archived from the original on 2015-12-11. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Rubycon, Technical Notes for Electrolytic Capacitor, 2. Manufacture of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor PDF Archived 2013-12-30 at the Wayback Machine
Non-aqueous Electrolytes and Their Characteristics, FaradNet Electrolytic Capacitors, Part III: Chapter 10 [3] Archived 2016-06-17 at the Wayback Machine
Elna, Principles, 3. Electrolyte, Table 2: An Example of the Composition of the Electrolyte "Aluminum electrolytic capacitors – Principles | ELNA". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
Alfonso Berduque, Zongli Dou, Rong Xu, KEMET, Electrochemical Studies for Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitor Applications: Corrosion Analysis of Aluminium in Ethylene Glycol-Based Electrolytes PDF Archived 2016-12-28 at the Wayback Machine
Shigeru Uzawa, Akihiko Komat-u, Tetsushi Ogawara, Rubycon Corporation, Ultra Low Impedance Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with Water based Electrolyte "Science Links Japan | Ultra Low Impedance Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor with Water based Electrolyte". Archived from the original on 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2016-02-05.
J.L. Stevens, T. R. Marshall, A.C. Geiculescu m, C.R. Feger, T.F. Strange, Carts USA 2006, The Effects of Electrolyte Composition on the Deformation Characteristics of Wet Aluminum ICD Capacitors, [4] Archived 2014-11-26 at the Wayback Machine
J. Ho, T. R. Jow, S. Boggs, Historical Introduction to Capacitor Technology, Electrical Insulation Magazine, IEEE (Volume:26, Issue: 1) January 19, 2010, ISSN 0883-7554, doi:10.1109/MEI.2010.5383924, PDF Archived 2016-12-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors FAQ". Rubycon Corporation. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-05. Owing to this film, it is said that the cathode foil will have the withstand voltage of about 1 to 1.5 V at room temperature. Since this film is not uniform, but unstable, and shows dispersion partly or for each lot, no guarantee is given to the withstand voltage of cathode.
"Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor Application Guide" (PDF). Cornell Dubilier Capacitors. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2014-12-14. While the capacitors may withstand continuous application of 1.5 V reverse voltage, exceeding that can damage the capacitor by overheating, overpressure, and dielectric breakdown.
A. Berduque, Kemet, Low ESR Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors for Medium to High Voltage Applications, [7] Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine PDF
A. Albertsen, Jianghai, Electrolytic Capacitor Lifetime Estimation PDF Archived 2013-01-08 at the Wayback Machine
Vishay, Aluminium capacitors, Introduction, Revision: 10-Sep-13 1 Document Number: 28356, Chapter Storage, page 7 [8] Archived 2016-01-26 at the Wayback Machine
Rubycon, Technical Notes for Electrolytic Capacitor, Charge and Discharge Application of Electrolytic Capacitor, PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine
"Kemet, Polymer Tantalum Chip Capacitors" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-23. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
AVX, "Analysis of Solid Tantalum Capacitor Leakage Current" Archived August 6, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
"Bob Pease, Understand Capacitor Soakage to Optimize Analog Systems". Archived from the original on 2015-01-07. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Reliability of Electrolytic Capacitors, Dr. Arne Albertsen, Jianghai Europe PDF Archived 2020-03-13 at the Wayback Machine
A New method for testing electrolytic capacitors to compare life expectancy dfrsolutions.com Archived 2017-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
NCC, Technical Note Judicious Use of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors PDF Archived 2017-05-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Life of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors" (PDF). Rubycon Corporation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-08-07.
"Snap-In HU". aic-europe.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04.
Panasonic (10-degree-rule; PDF Archived 2014-12-14 at the Wayback Machine)
NIC Life expectancy of aluminum electrolytic capacitors (rev.1) (PDF Archived 2015-08-24 at the Wayback Machine)
"Elna, Reliability of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors". Archived from the original on 2015-05-20. Retrieved 2014-12-14.
Panasonic, Reliability of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors PDF Archived 2015-01-17 at the Wayback Machine
Rubycon, Cautions for Proper Use of Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor PDF Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine
Ch. Baur, N. Will, Epcos, Long-term stability of aluminum electrolytic capacitors Built to last Archived 2015-01-28 at the Wayback Machine
Electronic Capacitors, SIC 3675 Industry report, 2010, from The Gale Group

worldcat.org

K. H. Thiesbürger: Der Elektrolyt-Kondensator., S. 88–91, 4. Auflage, Roederstein, Landshut 1991 (OCLC 313492506).
J. Ho, T. R. Jow, S. Boggs, Historical Introduction to Capacitor Technology, Electrical Insulation Magazine, IEEE (Volume:26, Issue: 1) January 19, 2010, ISSN 0883-7554, doi:10.1109/MEI.2010.5383924, PDF Archived 2016-12-05 at the Wayback Machine