Amateur Athletic Union (English Wikipedia)

Ikard, Robert W. (2005). Just For Fun: The Story of AAU Women's Basketball. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. p. 14. ISBN 9781610752220. OCLC 645941637. Early diverging from the prevalent philosophy of physical educators, the AAU in 1914 deemed swimming an acceptable competitive sport for women. After World War I, the union endorsed elite female competition in track and field (1922), then all generally recognized sports (1923), including basketball. In doing so, it turned 180 degrees from the attitude expressed by its president, James E. Sullivan, in 1910. Invoking an increasingly dated outlook, Sullivan had said his organization would not "register a female competitor and its registration committee refuses sanction for...a set of games where an event for women is scheduled."

britannica.com

"Amateur Athletic Union of the United States | American sports organization". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 4, 2018.

dallasnews.com

Sherrington, Kevin (August 1, 2022). "With NIL lacking 'guardrails,' who can step up to become college football's czar?". dallasnews.com. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved December 1, 2022.

ed.gov

files.eric.ed.gov

[1] "Protection of College Athletes. Hearings Before the Special Subcommittee on Education of the Committee on Education and Labor. House of Representatives, Ninety-Third Congress; First Session on H.R. 5623 and H.R. 5624", March and April 1973.

espn.com

Markazi, Arash (January 3, 2015). "Kobe: Europe's players more skillful". ESPN. Retrieved January 3, 2015.
Assael, Shaun (June 24, 2016). "AAU sued for allowing Rick Butler to coach in under-18 tournament". ESPN.

gcgym.com

"Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) | Gold Coast Gymnastics". www.gcgym.com. Retrieved June 4, 2018.

go.com

disneyparks.disney.go.com

"The Art of Preview Magic". Disney Parks. January 14, 2020. Retrieved March 5, 2021.

grandrivergenerals.com

"SRHL to Host AAU North American Championships". Grand River Generals. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014.

grantland.com

Kerr, Steve (May 8, 2012). "The Case for the 20-Year-Old Age Limit in the NBA". Grantland.

hhof.com

"Lockhart, Thomas -- Honoured Builder". Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame. Retrieved January 1, 2020.

ihoops.com

"The History of AAU Basketball". Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved May 24, 2010.

irishmirror.ie

Gamble, James (June 5, 2022). "LeBron James' journey as he becomes second athlete in history to be worth $1bn". rishmirror.ie. Irish Mirror. Retrieved November 24, 2022.

mastershistory.org

"X Open National Outdoor National Championship Locations".
"USATF Convention Locations".
Masters History. [2] Retrieved Nov 22, 2020
USMITT Newsletter Feb 1971. [3] Retrieved Nov 22, 2020

nbcsports.com

collegebasketball.nbcsports.com

Dauster, Rob (November 6, 2019). "Rising Son: Cole Anthony remains grounded as he follows his father's footsteps". NBC Sports. Retrieved November 17, 2022.

newspaperarchive.com

"No Concern Felt Here Over Trouble In Eastern Loop". Winnipeg Tribune. Winnipeg, Manitoba. March 2, 1937. p. 13.
"Eastern U.S. Puck Loops Quits A.A.U." Winnipeg Tribune. Winnipeg, Manitoba. August 31, 1937. p. 36.
Clarke, Robert (April 16, 1940). "New Controlling Body Formed At C.A.H.A. Meet". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. p. 15.
"C.A.H.A. Gains Few Points At Prague Hockey Confab". Winnipeg Tribune. Winnipeg, Manitoba. March 22, 1947. p. 33.
"Yank Puck Bodies Are Feudin' And Fightin'". Winnipeg Free Press. Winnipeg, Manitoba. November 8, 1947. p. 22.
Sullivan, Jack (February 23, 1960). "'Squawk' Valley Hassles 'Duck Soup'". Brandon Sun. Brandon, Manitoba. p. 7.

nowtoronto.com

Wilner, Norman (November 3, 2009). "Q&A: Kristopher Belman An interview with the director of More Than A Game". nowtoronto.com. Now Magazine. Retrieved November 24, 2022.

nytimes.com

timesmachine.nytimes.com

"A.A.U. Ban on Women. Female Athletes Barred from Competitions Sanctioned by Union" (PDF). The New York Times. January 18, 1914. Retrieved January 6, 2014. As a result of the recent agitation to permit enrollment of women athletes in the ranks of the Amateur Athletic Union a mail vote has been taken on the subject with the result that the Union has decided by an overwhelming vote to refuse registration to women athletes in all sports and competitions controlled by the A.A.U. ...
"Women Swimmers and A.A.U" (PDF). The New York Times. November 22, 1914. Retrieved January 6, 2014. While the unexpected action of the Amateur Athletic Union in permitting women swimmers to register hereafter and to compete at sanctioned meets ...
"A.A.U. May Discard Women's Swimming. After Two Years' Trial Question Will Come Before Annual Convention" (PDF). The New York Times. October 31, 1916. Retrieved January 6, 2014. The question whether the Amateur Athletic Union shall continue to recognize and control women swimmers will be one of the principal issues at the annual convention of that body, to be held in this city on Nov. 20. ...
"Women's Program Is Ready For Vote. Met. A. A. U. to Pass on Rulings for Athletic Competition at Friday Meeting" (PDF). The New York Times. December 13, 1922. Retrieved January 6, 2014. A standard programme for women's athletic competition in the local district will be adopted Friday night at a meeting of the Metropolitan A. A. U.'s Committee on Women's Athletics, to be held in the Park Avenue Hotel. ...

nytimes.com

Jeré Longman (October 25, 2011). "A Leading Pioneer". The New York Times. Retrieved January 6, 2014. In 1961, the Amateur Athletic Union prohibited American women from competing officially in road races. When sympathetic race organizers allowed them entry, their results did not count. ...

select.nytimes.com

"Women Rebelling In Track. Trackwomen Rebelling Against A.A.U. Policies". The New York Times. February 27, 1974. Retrieved January 6, 2014. Growing discontent with the policies and practices of the Amateur Athletic Union is causing a rebellion in women's track and field. At a time when the sport has made significant strides in gaining recognition in this country, a series of events last week indicated a deterioration between national officials and individual coaches and athletes. ...

omniluxe.net

Lee, Mike. "The Walt Disney World Preview Center". Widen Your World. Retrieved April 21, 2019.

oscars.org

"The 39th Academy Awards". oscars.org. Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. April 10, 1967. Retrieved December 5, 2022.

peabodyawards.com

"Dare to Compete: The Struggle of Women in Sports". peabodyawards.com. Peabody Awards. Retrieved November 30, 2022.

reuters.com

mobile.reuters.com

"Amateur Athletic Union probes abuse charges against ex leader". Reuters. Retrieved December 10, 2011.

runnersworld.com

Charles Butler (October 19, 2012). "40 Years Ago, Six Women Changed Racing Forever". Runner's World. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014. Lebow and his fellow organizers had openly courted women when the first New York City Marathon was held in 1970, even going so far as to ignore rules put in place by the Amateur Athletic Union that barred women from marathon racecourses. ...

si.com

"THE END OF THE AAU". Vault. Retrieved June 4, 2018.

thecrimson.com

Bennett H. Beach and John L. Powers (January 17, 1970). "Soaking up the Press". The Harvard Crimson.

theleadsports.com

TheLead Staff. ""At All Costs" Is The Single Best Documentary About AAU Basketball«". The Lead Sports. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2022.

theshadowleague.com

Gamble, J.R. (February 23, 2015). "Little Ballers Is A Perfect Blend Of Guts, Glory And Growth…On a Kid's Tip". The Shadow League. Shadow League Digital. Retrieved November 18, 2022.

tkdlifemagazine.com

Zirogiannis, Marc (February 26, 2016). "FILM REVIEW: EMPTY HAND: THE REAL KARATE KIDS". tkdlifemagazine.com. Tae Kwon Do Life magazine. Retrieved November 22, 2022.

trackandfieldnews.com

"Past Covers 1971". Trackandfieldnews.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.

usatoday.com

usatoday30.usatoday.com

"Symbols and traditions". USA Today. July 12, 1999. Retrieved May 18, 2015.

web.archive.org

Charles Butler (October 19, 2012). "40 Years Ago, Six Women Changed Racing Forever". Runner's World. Archived from the original on December 3, 2013. Retrieved January 6, 2014. Lebow and his fellow organizers had openly courted women when the first New York City Marathon was held in 1970, even going so far as to ignore rules put in place by the Amateur Athletic Union that barred women from marathon racecourses. ...
"Past Covers 1971". Trackandfieldnews.com. Archived from the original on April 16, 2015. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
"Inaugural Mite-Squirt Nationals - good to go" (PDF). AAUicehockey.org. March 1, 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 1, 2015.
"SRHL to Host AAU North American Championships". Grand River Generals. June 24, 2014. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014.
TheLead Staff. ""At All Costs" Is The Single Best Documentary About AAU Basketball«". The Lead Sports. Archived from the original on March 11, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2022.

workinsports.com

"AAU - Amateur Athletic Union Jobs at Work In Sports". www.workinsports.com. Retrieved June 4, 2018.

worldcat.org

Ikard, Robert W. (2005). Just For Fun: The Story of AAU Women's Basketball. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. p. 14. ISBN 9781610752220. OCLC 645941637. Early diverging from the prevalent philosophy of physical educators, the AAU in 1914 deemed swimming an acceptable competitive sport for women. After World War I, the union endorsed elite female competition in track and field (1922), then all generally recognized sports (1923), including basketball. In doing so, it turned 180 degrees from the attitude expressed by its president, James E. Sullivan, in 1910. Invoking an increasingly dated outlook, Sullivan had said his organization would not "register a female competitor and its registration committee refuses sanction for...a set of games where an event for women is scheduled."