Amazon rainforest (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Amazon rainforest" in English language version.

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78web.archive.org

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8point9.com

"World Bank: Brazil faces $317 billion in annual losses to Amazon deforestation". 8.9ha. World Bank. May 24, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.

amazon.com

Snell, Ron (February 2, 2006). Jungle Calls (Kindle ed.). Garland, Texas: Hannibal Books. ISBN 0-929292-86-3. Retrieved May 27, 2020.

amazonconservation.org

"Our ecolodges". Archived from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2021.

amazonwatch.org

"Amazon Against the Clock: A Regional Assessment on Where and How to Protect 80% by 2025" (PDF). Amazon Watch. September 2022. p. 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 10, 2022. Graphic 2: Current State of the Amazon by country, by percentage / Source: RAISG (Red Amazónica de Información Socioambiental Georreferenciada) Elaborated by authors.

archive.org

Smith, A (1994). Explorers of the Amazon. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-76337-8.
Various (2001). Bierregaard, Richard; Gascon, Claude; Lovejoy, Thomas E.; Mesquita, Rita (eds.). Lessons from Amazonia: The Ecology and Conservation of a Fragmented Forest. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08483-2.

archive.today

● 2021 data: "Forest Pulse: The Latest on the World's Forests". WRI.org. World Resources Institute. June 2023. Archived from the original on June 27, 2023.
● 2022 and 2023 data: "Forest Pulse: The Latest on the World's Forests". WRI.org. World Resources Institute / Global Forest Review. April 4, 2024. Archived from the original on April 4, 2024.
"Research paper of Leydimere Oliveira on the amazon". Archived from the original on August 3, 2013.

bbc.co.uk

"Unnatural Histories – Amazon". BBC Four. Archived from the original on January 8, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
"Amazon drought 'severe' in 2010, raising warming fears" Archived April 15, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, February 3, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2014

news.bbc.co.uk

"Piranha 'less deadly than feared'". BBC News. July 2, 2007. Archived from the original on July 7, 2007. Retrieved July 2, 2007.

bbc.com

Costa, Camilla (May 21, 2020). "Amazon under threat: Fires, loggers and now virus". BBC. Retrieved November 14, 2023.
"Brazil: Amazon sees worst deforestation levels in 15 years". BBC News. November 19, 2021. Archived from the original on July 15, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022.
"'Record number of fires' in Brazilian rainforest". BBC News Online. BBC Online. BBC. August 21, 2019. Archived from the original on August 22, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
"US and Brazil agree to Amazon development". BBC. September 14, 2019. Archived from the original on March 7, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2020.

bitsofscience.org

2010 Amazon drought record: 8 Gt extra CO2 Archived March 27, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Rolf Schuttenhelm, Bits Of Science, February 4, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2014

books.google.com

Taylor, Isaac (1898). Names and Their Histories: A Handbook of Historical Geography and Topographical Nomenclature. London: Rivingtons. ISBN 978-0-559-29668-0. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
Chris C. Park (2003). Tropical Rainforests. Routledge. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-415-06239-8. Archived from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved August 24, 2017.

brazilian.report

Ziolla Menezes, Fabiane (May 30, 2023). "BNDES to join anti-deforestation effort from banks". The Brazilian Report. Retrieved June 1, 2023.

britannica.com

"Amazon River". britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. January 11, 2024.
"Amazon Rainforest". britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica. May 30, 2024.
"Yanomami". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.
"Mundurukú people". britannica.com. Encyclopaedia Britannica.

carbonbrief.org

Tandon, Ayesha (October 4, 2023). "Drying of Amazon could be early warning of 'tipping point' for the rainforest". Carbon Brief. Retrieved October 6, 2023.

cbsnews.com

Garrand, Danielle (August 20, 2019). "Parts of the Amazon rainforest are on fire – and smoke can be spotted from space". cbsnews.com. CBS Interactive Inc. Archived from the original on August 27, 2019. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

cfr.org

Diana, Roy. "Deforestation of Brazil's Amazon Has Reached a Record High. What's Being Done?". Retrieved November 2, 2024.

cifor.org

forestsnews.cifor.org

Verchot, Louis (January 29, 2015). "The science is clear: Forest loss behind Brazil's drought". Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR). Archived from the original on August 9, 2020. Retrieved November 8, 2018.

cnbc.com

"Record-breaking number of fires burn in Brazil's Amazon". CNBC. NBCUniversal. August 21, 2019. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

cnn.com

Weisberger, Mindy (March 26, 2024). "Ancient giant dolphin discovered in the Amazon". CNN. Retrieved March 29, 2024.
Yeung, Jessie; Alvarado, Abel (August 21, 2019). "Brazil's Amazon rainforest is burning at a record rate". CNN. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. Archived from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2019.

edition.cnn.com

"Scientists fear deforestation, fires and Covid-19 could create a 'perfect storm' in the Amazon". CNN. June 19, 2020. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved June 20, 2020.

creativecommons.org

Covey, Kristofer; Soper, Fiona; Pangala, Sunitha; Bernardino, Angelo; Pagliaro, Zoe; Basso, Luana; Cassol, Henrique; Fearnside, Philip; Navarrete, Diego; Novoa, Sidney; Sawakuchi, Henrique; Lovejoy, Thomas; Marengo, Jose; Peres, Carlos A.; Baillie, Jonathan; Bernasconi, Paula; Camargo, Jose; Freitas, Carolina; Hoffman, Bruce; Nardoto, Gabriela B.; Nobre, Ismael; Mayorga, Juan; Mesquita, Rita; Pavan, Silvia; Pinto, Flavia; Rocha, Flavia; de Assis Mello, Ricardo; Thuault, Alice; Bahl, Alexis Anne; Elmore, Aurora (2021). "Carbon and Beyond: The Biogeochemistry of Climate in a Rapidly Changing Amazon". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 4. Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.8401C. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.618401. ISSN 2624-893X. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived October 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.

devdiscourse.com

"Ecuador Amazon tribe win first victory against oil companies". Devdiscourse. April 27, 2019. Archived from the original on July 25, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2019.

doi.org

Roosevelt, A.C.; da Costa, M. Lima; Machado, C. Lopes; Michab, M.; Mercier, N.; Valladas, H.; Feathers, J.; Barnett, W.; da Silveira, M. Imazio; Henderson, A.; Sliva, J.; Chernoff, B.; Reese, D.S.; Holman, J.A.; Toth, N.; Schick, K. (April 19, 1996). "Paleoindian Cave Dwellers in the Amazon: The Peopling of the Americas". Science. 272 (5260): 373–384. Bibcode:1996Sci...272..373R. doi:10.1126/science.272.5260.373. S2CID 129231783.
Heckenberger, Michael J.; Kuikuro, Afukaka; Kuikuro, Urissapá Tabata; Russell, J. Christian; Schmidt, Morgan; Fausto, Carlos; Franchetto, Bruna (September 19, 2003). "Amazonia 1492: Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland?". Science. 301 (5640): 1710–1714. Bibcode:2003Sci...301.1710H. doi:10.1126/science.1086112. PMID 14500979. S2CID 7962308.
Meggers, Betty J. (December 19, 2003). "Revisiting Amazonia Circa 1492". Science. 302 (5653): 2067–2070. doi:10.1126/science.302.5653.2067b. PMID 14684803. S2CID 5316715.
Clement, Charles R.; Denevan, William M.; Heckenberger, Michael J.; Junqueira, André Braga; Neves, Eduardo G.; Teixeira, Wenceslau G.; Woods, William I. (August 7, 2015). "The domestication of Amazonia before European conquest". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 282 (1812): 20150813. doi:10.1098/rspb.2015.0813. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 4528512. PMID 26202998.
Martti Pärssinen; Denise Schaan; Alceu Ranzi (2009). "Pre-Columbian geometric earthworks in the upper Purús: a complex society in western Amazonia". Antiquity. 83 (322): 1084–1095. doi:10.1017/s0003598x00099373. S2CID 55741813.
The influence of human alteration has been generally underestimated, reports Darna L. Dufour: "Much of what has been considered natural forest in Amazonia is probably the result of hundreds of years of human use and management." "Use of Tropical Rainforests by Native Amazonians," BioScience 40, no. 9 (October 1990):658. For an example of how such peoples integrated planting into their nomadic lifestyles, see Rival, Laura (1993). "The Growth of Family Trees: Understanding Huaorani Perceptions of the Forest". Man. 28 (4): 635–652. doi:10.2307/2803990. JSTOR 2803990.
Heckenberger, M.J.; Kuikuro, A; Kuikuro, UT; Russell, JC; Schmidt, M; Fausto, C; Franchetto, B (September 19, 2003), "Amazonia 1492: Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland?", Science, vol. 301, no. 5640 (published 2003), pp. 1710–14, Bibcode:2003Sci...301.1710H, doi:10.1126/science.1086112, PMID 14500979, S2CID 7962308
Burnham, Robyn J.; Johnson, Kirk R. (2004). "South American palaeobotany and the origins of neotropical rainforests". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 359 (1450): 1595–1610. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1531. PMC 1693437. PMID 15519975.
Maslin, Mark; Malhi, Yadvinder; Phillips, Oliver; Cowling, Sharon (2005). "New views on an old forest: assessing the longevity, resilience and future of the Amazon rainforest" (PDF). Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers. 30 (4): 477–499. Bibcode:2005TrIBG..30..477M. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5661.2005.00181.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 1, 2008. Retrieved September 25, 2008.
Costa, João Batista Sena; Bemerguy, Ruth Léa; Hasui, Yociteru; Borges, Maurício da Silva (2001). "Tectonics and paleogeography along the Amazon river". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 14 (4): 335–347. Bibcode:2001JSAES..14..335C. doi:10.1016/S0895-9811(01)00025-6.
Milani, Edison José; Zalán, Pedro Victor (1999). "An outline of the geology and petroleum systems of the Paleozoic interior basins of South America". Episodes. 22 (3): 199–205. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1999/v22i3/007.
Colinvaux, Paul A.; Oliveira, Paulo E. De (2000). "Palaeoecology and climate of the Amazon basin during the last glacial cycle". Journal of Quaternary Science. 15 (4): 347–356. Bibcode:2000JQS....15..347C. doi:10.1002/1099-1417(200005)15:4<347::AID-JQS537>3.0.CO;2-A.
Van Der Hammen, Thomas; Hooghiemstra, Henry (2000). "Neogene and Quaternary history of vegetation, climate, and plant diversity in Amazonia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 19 (8): 725. Bibcode:2000QSRv...19..725V. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.536.519. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00024-4.
Colinvaux, P.A.; De Oliveira, P.E.; Bush, M.B. (January 2000). "Amazonian and neotropical plant communities on glacial time-scales: The failure of the aridity and refuge hypotheses". Quaternary Science Reviews. 19 (1–5): 141–169. Bibcode:2000QSRv...19..141C. doi:10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00059-1.
Yu, Hongbin (2015). "The fertilizing role of African dust in the Amazon rainforest: A first multiyear assessment based on data from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations". Geophysical Research Letters. 42 (6): 1984–1991. Bibcode:2015GeoRL..42.1984Y. doi:10.1002/2015GL063040.
Barkley, Anne E.; Prospero, Joseph M.; Mahowald, Natalie; Hamilton, Douglas S.; Popendorf, Kimberly J.; Oehlert, Amanda M.; Pourmand, Ali; Gatineau, Alexandre; Panechou-Pulcherie, Kathy; Blackwelder, Patricia; Gaston, Cassandra J. (August 13, 2019). "African biomass burning is a substantial source of phosphorus deposition to the Amazon, Tropical Atlantic Ocean, and Southern Ocean". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (33): 16216–16221. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11616216B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1906091116. PMC 6697889. PMID 31358622.
Da Silva; Jose Maria Cardoso; et al. (2005). "The Fate of the Amazonian Areas of Endemism". Conservation Biology. 19 (3): 689–694. Bibcode:2005ConBi..19..689D. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00705.x. S2CID 85843442.
Lewinsohn, Thomas M.; Paulo Inácio Prado (June 2005). "How Many Species Are There in Brazil?". Conservation Biology. 19 (3): 619–624. Bibcode:2005ConBi..19..619L. doi:10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00680.x. S2CID 84691981.
Wright, S. Joseph (October 12, 2001). "Plant diversity in tropical forests: a review of mechanisms of species coexistence". Oecologia. 130 (1): 1–14. Bibcode:2002Oecol.130....1W. doi:10.1007/s004420100809. PMID 28547014. S2CID 4863115.
Laurance, William F.; Fearnside, Philip M.; Laurance, Susan G.; Delamonica, Patricia; Lovejoy, Thomas E.; Rankin-de Merona, Judy M.; Chambers, Jeffrey Q.; Gascon, Claude (June 14, 1999). "Relationship between soils and Amazon forest biomass: a landscape-scale study". Forest Ecology and Management. 118 (1–3): 127–138. Bibcode:1999ForEM.118..127L. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00494-0.
Mynenia, Ranga B.; et al. (March 13, 2007). "Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 104 (12): 4820–4823. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.4820M. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611338104. PMC 1820882. PMID 17360360.
da Rosa; Elizabeth S. T.; et al. (August 2006). "Bat-transmitted Human Rabies Outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (8): 1197–1202. doi:10.3201/eid1708.050929. PMC 3291204. PMID 16965697.
Feng, Xiao; Merow, Cory; Liu, Zhihua; Park, Daniel S.; Roehrdanz, Patrick R.; Maitner, Brian; Newman, Erica A.; Boyle, Brad L.; Lien, Aaron; Burger, Joseph R.; Pires, Mathias M. (September 1, 2021). "How deregulation, drought and increasing fire impact Amazonian biodiversity". Nature. 597 (7877): 516–521. Bibcode:2021Natur.597..516F. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03876-7. ISSN 1476-4687. PMID 34471291. S2CID 237388791. Archived from the original on September 12, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021.
Lovejoy, Thomas E.; Nobre, Carlos (2018). "Amazon Tipping Point". Science Advances. 4 (2): eaat2340. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.2340L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2340. PMC 5821491. PMID 29492460.
Bochow, Nils; Boers, Niklas (October 6, 2023). "The South American monsoon approaches a critical transition in response to deforestation". Science Advances. 9 (40): eadd9973. Bibcode:2023SciA....9D9973B. doi:10.1126/sciadv.add9973. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 10550231. PMID 37792950.
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Banerjee, Onil; Cicowiez, Martin; Macedo, Marcia N; Malek, Žiga; Verburg, Peter H; Goodwin, Sean; Vargas, Renato; Rattis, Ludmila; Bagstad, Kenneth J; Brando, Paulo M; Coe, Michael T; Neill, Christopher; Marti, Octavio Damiani; Murillo, Josué Ávila (December 1, 2022). "Can we avert an Amazon tipping point? The economic and environmental costs". Environmental Research Letters. 17 (12): 125005. Bibcode:2022ERL....17l5005B. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aca3b8. hdl:1871.1/949d3af3-f463-40cc-90ab-1f9ff3060125. ISSN 1748-9326. S2CID 253666282.
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Covey, Kristofer; Soper, Fiona; Pangala, Sunitha; Bernardino, Angelo; Pagliaro, Zoe; Basso, Luana; Cassol, Henrique; Fearnside, Philip; Navarrete, Diego; Novoa, Sidney; Sawakuchi, Henrique; Lovejoy, Thomas; Marengo, Jose; Peres, Carlos A.; Baillie, Jonathan; Bernasconi, Paula; Camargo, Jose; Freitas, Carolina; Hoffman, Bruce; Nardoto, Gabriela B.; Nobre, Ismael; Mayorga, Juan; Mesquita, Rita; Pavan, Silvia; Pinto, Flavia; Rocha, Flavia; de Assis Mello, Ricardo; Thuault, Alice; Bahl, Alexis Anne; Elmore, Aurora (2021). "Carbon and Beyond: The Biogeochemistry of Climate in a Rapidly Changing Amazon". Frontiers in Forests and Global Change. 4. Bibcode:2021FrFGC...4.8401C. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2021.618401. ISSN 2624-893X. Available under CC BY 4.0 Archived October 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine.
Leal, C.G.; Lennox, G.D.; Ferraz, S.F.B.; Ferreira, J.; Gardner, T.A.; Thomson, J.R.; Berenguer, E.; Lees, A.C.; Hughes, R.M.; MackNally, R.; Aragão, L.E.O.C.; Brito, J.G.; Castello, L.; Garret, R.D.; Hamada, N.; Juen, L.; Leitão, R.P.; Louzada, J.; Morello, T.M.; Moura, N.G.; Nessimian, J.L.; Oliveira-Junior, J.M.B.; Oliveira, V.H.F.; Oliveira, V.C.; Parry, L.; Pompeu, P.S.; Solar, R.R.C.; Zuanon, J.; Barlow, J. (2020). "Integrated terrestrial-freshwater planning doubles conservation of tropical aquatic species" (PDF). Science. 370 (6512): 117–121. Bibcode:2020Sci...370..117L. doi:10.1126/science.aba7580. PMID 33004520. S2CID 222080850. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 15, 2021.
Lovejoy, Thomas E.; Nobre, Carlos (December 20, 2019). "Amazon tipping point: Last chance for action". Science Advances. 5 (12): eaba2949. Bibcode:2019SciA....5A2949L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba2949. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 6989302. PMID 32064324.
E. Lovejoy, Thomas; Nobre, Carlos (February 21, 2018). "Amazon Tipping Point". Science Advances. 4 (2): eaat2340. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.2340L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2340. PMC 5821491. PMID 29492460.
Gatti, Luciana V.; Basso, Luana S.; Miller, John B.; Gloor, Manuel; Gatti Domingues, Lucas; Cassol, Henrique L. G.; Tejada, Graciela; Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.; Nobre, Carlos; Peters, Wouter; Marani, Luciano (July 14, 2021). "Amazonia as a carbon source linked to deforestation and climate change". Nature. 595 (7867): 388–393. Bibcode:2021Natur.595..388G. doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03629-6. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 34262208. S2CID 235906356. Archived from the original on July 15, 2021. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
Wynne, R.H.; Joseph, K.A.; Browder, J.O.; Summers, P.M. (2007). "A Preliminary Review of Neotropical Primates in the Subsistence and Symbolism of Indigenous Lowland South American Peoples". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 28 (6): 1299–1315. Bibcode:2007IJRS...28.1299W. doi:10.1080/01431160600928609. S2CID 128603494. Archived from the original on December 21, 2008. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
Asner, Gregory P.; Knapp, David E.; Cooper, Amanda N.; Bustamante, Mercedes M.C.; Olander, Lydia P. (June 2005). "Ecosystem Structure throughout the Brazilian Amazon from Landsat Observations and Automated Spectral Unmixing". Earth Interactions. 9 (1): 1–31. Bibcode:2005EaInt...9g...1A. doi:10.1175/EI134.1. S2CID 31023189.
Kuplich, Tatiana M. (October 2006). "Classifying regenerating forest stages in Amazônia using remotely sensed images and a neural network". Forest Ecology and Management. 234 (1–3): 1–9. Bibcode:2006ForEM.234....1K. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.066.
Nobre, Carlos; Lovejoy, Thomas E. (February 1, 2018). "Amazon Tipping Point". Science Advances. 4 (2): eaat2340. Bibcode:2018SciA....4.2340L. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aat2340. ISSN 2375-2548. PMC 5821491. PMID 29492460.
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dw.com

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