Ambient music (English Wikipedia)

Lanza, Joseph (2004). Elevator Music: A Surreal History of Muzak, Easy-listening, and Other Moodsong. University of Michigan Press. p. 185. ISBN 0-472-08942-0.
George Grove, Stanley Sadie, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Macmillan Publishers, 1st ed., 1980 (ISBN 0-333-23111-2), vol. 7 (Fuchs to Gyuzelev), "André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry", p. 708: "in L'épreuve villageoise, where the various folk elements – couplet form, simplicity of style, straightforward rhythm, drone bass in imitation of bagpipes – combine to express at once ingenuous coquetry and sincerity."
Jarrett, Michael (1998). Sound Tracks: A Musical ABC, Volumes 1–3. Temple University Press. p. 1973. ISBN 978-1-56639-641-7.
Toop, David (1995). Ocean of Sound. Serpent's Tail. p. 115. ISBN 9781852423827.

backroadsmusic.com

"Any music with a generally slow, relaxing pace and space-creating imagery or atmospherics may be considered Space Music, without conventional rhythmic elements, while drawing from any number of traditional, ethnic, or modern styles." Lloyde Barde, July/August 2004, Making Sense of the Last 20 Years in New Music Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine

bandcamp.com

daily.bandcamp.com

Chandler, Simon (8 March 2017). "The Mall, Nostalgia, and the Loss of Innocence: An Interview With 猫シ Corp". Bandcamp Daily. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.

books.google.com

Holmes, Thom (2008). Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture. Routledge. p. 403. ISBN 978-0203929599. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
George Grove, Stanley Sadie, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Macmillan Publishers, 1st ed., 1980 (ISBN 0-333-23111-2), vol. 7 (Fuchs to Gyuzelev), "André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry", p. 708: "in L'épreuve villageoise, where the various folk elements – couplet form, simplicity of style, straightforward rhythm, drone bass in imitation of bagpipes – combine to express at once ingenuous coquetry and sincerity."
Mattingly, Rick (2002). The Techno Primer: The Essential Reference for Loop-based Music Styles. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 38. ISBN 0634017888. Retrieved 1 April 2013.

boxoffice.com

pro.boxoffice.com

Gilchrist, Todd (September 18, 2011). "Johnny Jewel on Developing the Unique Soundtrack For Drive". Box Office. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2011.

britannica.com

"Musique concrète | musical composition technique". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-12-07.

cambridge.org

dictionary.cambridge.org

"Ambient". Cambridge Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2018-02-12.

canculturemag.com

Review: The Mandy Experience at Revue Cinema Canculture. November 1, 2018. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

dictionary.com

"Ambient music". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-12.

doi.org

Johnson, Timothy A. (1994). "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?". The Musical Quarterly. 78 (4): 742–773. doi:10.1093/mq/78.4.742. ISSN 0027-4631. JSTOR 742508.
Rodgers, Tara (2010). Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822394150. ISBN 978-0-8223-4661-6.
Webster, Peter (September 2002). "Historical Perspectives on Technology and Music". Music Educators Journal. 89 (1): 38–43, 54. doi:10.2307/3399883. JSTOR 3399883. S2CID 143483610.
Yehuda, Nechama (2011). "Music and Stress". The Journal of Adult Development. 18 (2): 85–94. doi:10.1007/s10804-010-9117-4. S2CID 45335464.

dukeupress.edu

read.dukeupress.edu

Rodgers, Tara (2010). Pink Noises: Women on Electronic Music and Sound. Duke University Press. doi:10.1215/9780822394150. ISBN 978-0-8223-4661-6.

echoes.org

"The early innovators in electronic "space music" were mostly located around Berlin. The term has come to refer to music in the style of the early and mid-1970s works of Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh and others in that scene. The music is characterized by long compositions, looping sequencer patterns, and improvised lead melody lines." – John Dilaberto, Berlin School, Echoes Radio on-line music glossary Archived 2007-06-14 at the Wayback Machine

finderskeepersrecords.com

"Buchla Concerts 1975". Finders Keepers Records. Retrieved 2020-12-09.

ghostarchive.org

Brooke, Eliza (16 February 2021). "The Soothing, Digital Rooms of YouTube". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 23 October 2021.

hos.com

"Each spoke, tracing a thin pie-shape out of the whole, would contribute to the modern or New Ambient movement: new age, neo-classical, space, electronic, ambient, progressive, jazzy, tribal, world, folk, ensemble, acoustic, meditative, and back to new age... "New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
Hill, Stephen. "What is spacemusic?". Hearts of Space. Archived from the original on 2006-03-25. ... Originally a 1970s reference to the conjunction of ambient electronics and our expanding visions of cosmic space ... In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic
"When you listen to space and ambient music you are connecting with a tradition of contemplative sound experience whose roots are ancient and diverse. The genre spans historical, ethnic, and contemporary styles. In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, What is spacemusic? Archived 2006-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
"A timeless experience...as ancient as the echoes of a simple bamboo flute or as contemporary as the latest ambient electronica. Any music with a generally slow pace and space-creating sound image can be called spacemusic. Generally quiet, consonant, ethereal, often without conventional rhythmic and dynamic contrasts, spacemusic is found within many historical, ethnic, and contemporary genres."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, sidebar "What is Spacemusic?" in essay Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
"This music is experienced primarily as a continuum of spatial imagery and emotion, rather than as thematic musical relationships, compositional ideas, or performance values." Essay by Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Innerspace, Meditative, and Transcendental... This music promotes a psychological movement inward." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Space And Travel Music: Celestial, Cosmic, and Terrestrial... This New Age sub-category has the effect of outward psychological expansion. Celestial or cosmic music removes listeners from their ordinary acoustical surroundings by creating stereo sound images of vast, virtually dimensionless spatial environments. In a word — spacey. Rhythmic or tonal movements animate the experience of flying, floating, cruising, gliding, or hovering within the auditory space."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, in an essay titled New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
" Restorative powers are often claimed for it, and at its best it can create an effective environment to balance some of the stress, noise, and complexity of everyday life." – Stephen Hill, Founder, Music from the Hearts of Space What is Spacemusic? Archived 2006-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
"The program has defined its own niche — a mix of ambient, electronic, world, new-age, classical and experimental music....Slow-paced, space-creating music from many cultures — ancient bell meditations, classical adagios, creative space jazz, and the latest electronic and acoustic ambient music are woven into a seamless sequence unified by sound, emotion, and spatial imagery." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine

hyperreal.org

music.hyperreal.org

Eno, Brian. "Music for Airports". Hyperreal Music Archive. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
"Epsilon: Ambient Music, Beginnings and Implications, by Chris Melchior". music.hyperreal.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
Werner, Peter. "Epsilon: Ambient Industrial". Music Hyperreal. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
"...Spacemusic ... conjures up either outer "space" or "inner space" " – Lloyd Barde, founder of Backroads Music Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
"This was the soundtrack for countless planetarium shows, on massage tables, and as soundtracks to many videos and movies."- Lloyd Barde Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine

jstor.org

Johnson, Timothy A. (1994). "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?". The Musical Quarterly. 78 (4): 742–773. doi:10.1093/mq/78.4.742. ISSN 0027-4631. JSTOR 742508.
Webster, Peter (September 2002). "Historical Perspectives on Technology and Music". Music Educators Journal. 89 (1): 38–43, 54. doi:10.2307/3399883. JSTOR 3399883. S2CID 143483610.

kaitlynaureliasmith.com

"Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith – Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith". Retrieved 2021-01-05.

merriam-webster.com

"Ambient". Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2015-04-20.

movie-wave.net

The Passion of the Christ James Southall from The Movie Wave. 29 March 2004. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

nasa.gov

voyager.jpl.nasa.gov

"Voyager – Sounds on the Golden Record". voyager.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 2020-12-09.

newyorker.com

Walls, Seth Colter (17 September 2012). "An Electronic-Music Classic Reborn". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2020-12-09.
Abramovich, Alex (20 January 2016). "The Invention of Ambient Music". The New Yorker. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

npr.org

Hermes, Will (May 8, 2000). "The Story Of '4'33"'". Npr. Retrieved March 11, 2020.

nytimes.com

Brooke, Eliza (16 February 2021). "The Soothing, Digital Rooms of YouTube". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2021-12-28. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
Ezra, Marcus (23 October 2020). "Why Are TikTok Teens Listening to an Album About Dementia?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.

pitchfork.com

"Susumu Yokota: Sakura". Pitchfork. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
"The 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time – Page 2". Pitchfork.com. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"The 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time – Page 3". Pitchfork.com. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"The 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time – Page 4". Pitchfork.com. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"The 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time – Page 5". Pitchfork.com. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2020.
"The 50 Best Ambient Albums of All Time – Page 3". Pitchfork. 26 September 2016. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
"Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith's Existential Synthesizer Music". Pitchfork. 15 March 2016. Retrieved 2021-01-05.
Abebe, Nitsuh (28 November 2005). "Slowdive: Just for a Day / Souvlaki / Pygmalion". Pitchfork. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

residentadvisor.net

"Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith and Suzanne Ciani collaborate on Sunergy for RVNG". Resident Advisor. Retrieved 2021-01-05.

rollingstone.com

Blistein, Jon (18 July 2019). "Iggy Pop Previews New Album With Meditative Title-Track 'Free'". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 5 December 2019.

screenrant.com

10 Best Ambient Movie Soundtracks by Lucy-Jo Finnighan from ScreenRant. October 31, 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

self-titledmag.com

"INTERVIEW: Suzanne Ciani On... Her Buchla Beginnings, Talking Dishwashers and Why No One Got Electronic Music In the '70s". self-titled. 2014-04-03. Retrieved 2020-12-09.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Webster, Peter (September 2002). "Historical Perspectives on Technology and Music". Music Educators Journal. 89 (1): 38–43, 54. doi:10.2307/3399883. JSTOR 3399883. S2CID 143483610.
Yehuda, Nechama (2011). "Music and Stress". The Journal of Adult Development. 18 (2): 85–94. doi:10.1007/s10804-010-9117-4. S2CID 45335464.

sfgate.com

"Hill's Hearts of Space Web site provides streaming access to an archive of hundreds of hours of spacemusic artfully blended into one-hour programs combining ambient, electronic, world, new-age and classical music." Steve Sande, The Sky's the Limit with Ambient Music, SF Chronicle, Sunday, January 11, 2004 Archived August 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

slashseconds.org

"/seconds". slashseconds.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-04-05.

soundoflife.com

Masterfully MASSIVE: Hans Zimmer’s Multi-Dimensional Score for ‘Dune 2' Sound of Life. 11 March 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

spectrumculture.com

Korber, Kevin (6 August 2015). "Holy Hell! Pygmalion Turns 20". Spectrum Culture. Retrieved 10 July 2017.

spokesman.com

‘Titanic’ Soundtrack Making Its Own Waves Steve Morse, The Boston Globe. 20 February 1998. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

starsend.org

"Star's End" is (with the exception of "Music from the Hearts of Space") the longest running radio program of ambient music in the world. Since 1976, Star's End has been providing the Philadelphia broadcast area with music to sleep and dream to." "Star's End" website background information page Archived 2007-08-14 at the Wayback Machine

stylusmagazine.com

Orme, Mike (7 December 2006). "The Bluffer's Guide: The Berlin School". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.

theguardian.com

Morley, Paul (2010-01-17). "On gospel, Abba and the death of the record: an audience with Brian Eno | Interview". The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
Beaumont-Thomas, Ben (2014-07-08). "Laraaji: the Brian Eno of laughter". The Guardian.
"Ambient pioneer Midori Takada: 'Everything on this earth has a sound'". The Guardian. 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2020-12-12.
"Joker and Chernobyl composer Hildur Guðnadóttir: 'I'm treasure hunting'". the Guardian. 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2022-05-08.

thequietus.com

Clarke, Patrick (19 October 2020). "Everywhere At The End Of Time Becomes TikTok Challenge (Leyland James Kirby gives us his reaction)". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.

thevinylfactory.com

May, Chris (12 April 2016). "The essential guide to Brian Eno in 10 records". Thevinylfactory.com. Retrieved 5 September 2020.

thewire.co.uk

Warburton, Dan (October 2005). "Éliane Radigue". The Wire. 260: 26.

tokyoweekender.com

Q&A with Isao Tomita Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Tokyo Weekender

vice.com

thump.vice.com

Isao Tomita, an Early Major Japanese Electronic Composer, Is Dead Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Vice

vimeo.com

A Portrait of Eliane Radigue (2009), retrieved 2020-12-09

virginia.edu

libraetd.lib.virginia.edu

Szabo, Victor (2015-04-22). "Ambient Music as Popular Genre: Historiography, Interpretation, Critique". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on 2020-02-10.

vocal.media

10 Sci-Fi Movies With Trippy Ambient Soundtracks by Mike G. Futurism. Retrieved 31 March 2024.

web.archive.org

Q&A with Isao Tomita Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Tokyo Weekender
Isao Tomita, an Early Major Japanese Electronic Composer, Is Dead Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, Vice
"Ambient music". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-12.
"Ambient". Dictionary by Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on 2015-04-20.
"Ambient". Cambridge Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2018-02-12.
Eno, Brian. "Music for Airports". Hyperreal Music Archive. Archived from the original on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
"Music Genres". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2012-02-13.
Cooper, Sean. "Ambient". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2011-11-14.
"Each spoke, tracing a thin pie-shape out of the whole, would contribute to the modern or New Ambient movement: new age, neo-classical, space, electronic, ambient, progressive, jazzy, tribal, world, folk, ensemble, acoustic, meditative, and back to new age... "New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
"/seconds". slashseconds.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
"Epsilon: Ambient Music, Beginnings and Implications, by Chris Melchior". music.hyperreal.org. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
Szabo, Victor (2015-04-22). "Ambient Music as Popular Genre: Historiography, Interpretation, Critique". University of Virginia Library. Archived from the original on 2020-02-10.
Orme, Mike (7 December 2006). "The Bluffer's Guide: The Berlin School". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2022.
"AmbientMusicGuide.com – A history of ambient". Ambientmusicguide.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13. Retrieved 2016-04-05.
Ezra, Marcus (23 October 2020). "Why Are TikTok Teens Listening to an Album About Dementia?". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 8 April 2021. Retrieved 21 April 2021.
Ryce, Andrew (12 April 2019). "The Caretaker – Everywhere At The End Of Time (Stage 6) Album Review". Resident Advisor. Archived from the original on 13 April 2019. Retrieved 31 March 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
Clarke, Patrick (19 October 2020). "Everywhere At The End Of Time Becomes TikTok Challenge (Leyland James Kirby gives us his reaction)". The Quietus. Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 6 April 2021.
Chandler, Simon (8 March 2017). "The Mall, Nostalgia, and the Loss of Innocence: An Interview With 猫シ Corp". Bandcamp Daily. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2022.
"Ambient House". AllMusic. Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved October 4, 2006.
Werner, Peter. "Epsilon: Ambient Industrial". Music Hyperreal. Archived from the original on August 5, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2011.
"Ambient Pop". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 2017-07-18.
"Dark Ambient: Significant Albums, Artists, and Songs". AllMusic. Archived from the original on 21 June 2014. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
Hill, Stephen. "What is spacemusic?". Hearts of Space. Archived from the original on 2006-03-25. ... Originally a 1970s reference to the conjunction of ambient electronics and our expanding visions of cosmic space ... In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic
"Any music with a generally slow, relaxing pace and space-creating imagery or atmospherics may be considered Space Music, without conventional rhythmic elements, while drawing from any number of traditional, ethnic, or modern styles." Lloyde Barde, July/August 2004, Making Sense of the Last 20 Years in New Music Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
"When you listen to space and ambient music you are connecting with a tradition of contemplative sound experience whose roots are ancient and diverse. The genre spans historical, ethnic, and contemporary styles. In fact, almost any music with a slow pace and space-creating sound images could be called spacemusic." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, What is spacemusic? Archived 2006-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
"A timeless experience...as ancient as the echoes of a simple bamboo flute or as contemporary as the latest ambient electronica. Any music with a generally slow pace and space-creating sound image can be called spacemusic. Generally quiet, consonant, ethereal, often without conventional rhythmic and dynamic contrasts, spacemusic is found within many historical, ethnic, and contemporary genres."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, sidebar "What is Spacemusic?" in essay Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
"The early innovators in electronic "space music" were mostly located around Berlin. The term has come to refer to music in the style of the early and mid-1970s works of Klaus Schulze, Tangerine Dream, Ash Ra Tempel, Popol Vuh and others in that scene. The music is characterized by long compositions, looping sequencer patterns, and improvised lead melody lines." – John Dilaberto, Berlin School, Echoes Radio on-line music glossary Archived 2007-06-14 at the Wayback Machine
"This music is experienced primarily as a continuum of spatial imagery and emotion, rather than as thematic musical relationships, compositional ideas, or performance values." Essay by Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
"Innerspace, Meditative, and Transcendental... This music promotes a psychological movement inward." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
"...Spacemusic ... conjures up either outer "space" or "inner space" " – Lloyd Barde, founder of Backroads Music Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
"Space And Travel Music: Celestial, Cosmic, and Terrestrial... This New Age sub-category has the effect of outward psychological expansion. Celestial or cosmic music removes listeners from their ordinary acoustical surroundings by creating stereo sound images of vast, virtually dimensionless spatial environments. In a word — spacey. Rhythmic or tonal movements animate the experience of flying, floating, cruising, gliding, or hovering within the auditory space."Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, in an essay titled New Age Music Made Simple Archived 2010-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
" Restorative powers are often claimed for it, and at its best it can create an effective environment to balance some of the stress, noise, and complexity of everyday life." – Stephen Hill, Founder, Music from the Hearts of Space What is Spacemusic? Archived 2006-03-25 at the Wayback Machine
"This was the soundtrack for countless planetarium shows, on massage tables, and as soundtracks to many videos and movies."- Lloyd Barde Notes on Ambient Music, Hyperreal Music Archive Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
Gilchrist, Todd (September 18, 2011). "Johnny Jewel on Developing the Unique Soundtrack For Drive". Box Office. Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
"The program has defined its own niche — a mix of ambient, electronic, world, new-age, classical and experimental music....Slow-paced, space-creating music from many cultures — ancient bell meditations, classical adagios, creative space jazz, and the latest electronic and acoustic ambient music are woven into a seamless sequence unified by sound, emotion, and spatial imagery." Stephen Hill, co-founder, Hearts of Space, essay titled Contemplative Music, Broadly Defined Archived 2010-12-25 at the Wayback Machine
"Hill's Hearts of Space Web site provides streaming access to an archive of hundreds of hours of spacemusic artfully blended into one-hour programs combining ambient, electronic, world, new-age and classical music." Steve Sande, The Sky's the Limit with Ambient Music, SF Chronicle, Sunday, January 11, 2004 Archived August 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
"Star's End" is (with the exception of "Music from the Hearts of Space") the longest running radio program of ambient music in the world. Since 1976, Star's End has been providing the Philadelphia broadcast area with music to sleep and dream to." "Star's End" website background information page Archived 2007-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
"Avaruusromua 25 vuotta radiossa ja kerran televisiossa!". yle.fi. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-06-25.

wesleyan.edu

wesscholar.wesleyan.edu

Eliot Bates, "Ambient Music", MA thesis (Middletown, Connecticut: Wesleyan University, 1997, pg.19)

worldcat.org

The San Francisco Tape Music Center : 1960s counterculture and the avant-garde. Bernstein, David W., 1951–. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-520-24892-2. OCLC 174500759.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
Johnson, Timothy A. (1994). "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?". The Musical Quarterly. 78 (4): 742–773. doi:10.1093/mq/78.4.742. ISSN 0027-4631. JSTOR 742508.
Intermediary spaces = Espaces Intermédiaires. Radigue, Eliane, Eckhardt, Julia. Brussels. 2019. ISBN 978-90-826495-5-0. OCLC 1127969966.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)

yle.fi

"Avaruusromua 25 vuotta radiossa ja kerran televisiossa!". yle.fi. 30 April 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-06-25.