American Civil War (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "American Civil War" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

49books.google.com

3^rd place

41web.archive.org

1^st place

20archive.org

6^th place

14worldcat.org

5^th place

11doi.org

2^nd place

7battlefields.org

9,632^nd place

5,862^nd place

7nytimes.com

7^th place

5nps.gov

135^th place

105^th place

4jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

4yale.edu

565^th place

460^th place

4ucsb.edu

1,115^th place

741^st place

4army.mil

249^th place

169^th place

3britannica.com

40^th place

58^th place

2oup.com

485^th place

440^th place

2archive.today

14^th place

2history.com

555^th place

467^th place

2newspaperarchive.com

1,584^th place

855^th place

2wsj.com

79^th place

65^th place

2americanheritage.com

2,758^th place

1,739^th place

2wikidata.org

43^rd place

161^st place

2nih.gov

4^th place

1nyhistory.org

low place

1oocities.org

3,869^th place

3,301^st place

1cornell.edu

332^nd place

246^th place

1osd.mil

4,000^th place

3,127^th place

1lsu.edu

3,324^th place

2,257^th place

1theatlantic.com

228^th place

158^th place

1hnn.us

7,733^rd place

5,564^th place

1loc.gov

70^th place

63^rd place

1civil-war.net

low place

1wdl.org

1,424^th place

1,680^th place

1umd.edu

1,747^th place

1,277^th place

1handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1maryland.gov

2,659^th place

1,407^th place

1teachingamericanhistorymd.net

low place

1wvculture.org

9,060^th place

5,074^th place

1jhu.edu

699^th place

479^th place

1gettysburgcompiler.org

low place

1warfarehistorynetwork.com

low place

6,423^rd place

1womensmemorial.org

low place

1jewishsouth.org

low place

1ghostarchive.org

32^nd place

21^st place

1independent.co.uk

36^th place

33^rd place

1state.gov

264^th place

249^th place

1legendsofamerica.com

6,128^th place

3,995^th place

1uchicago.edu

230^th place

214^th place

1carlisle-army.mil

low place

1wsu.edu

3,088^th place

2,250^th place

1pbs.org

198^th place

154^th place

1census.gov

45^th place

41^st place

1vt.edu

2,431^st place

1,607^th place

1historytoday.com

2,975^th place

1,986^th place

1umich.edu

459^th place

360^th place

1iastate.edu

2,548^th place

1,587^th place

1sciencedaily.com

993^rd place

920^th place

1harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1nationalgeographic.com

344^th place

296^th place

1ospreypublishing.com

low place

1thehorsemenscorral.com

low place

1tufts.edu

155^th place

138^th place

1pbslearningmedia.org

low place

1go.com

48^th place

39^th place

1bartleby.com

1,295^th place

1,196^th place

1ky.gov

4,208^th place

2,295^th place

1slavenorth.com

low place

1economist.com

254^th place

236^th place

1essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com

low place

1murfreesboropost.com

low place

1spokesman.com

2,057^th place

1,118^th place

1smithsonianmag.com

503^rd place

364^th place

americanheritage.com (Global: 2,758^th place; English: 1,739^th place)

Baker 2003. Baker, Kevin (February–March 2003). "Violent City". American Heritage Magazine. Vol. 54, no. 1. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
McPherson, James (March 1990). "A War that Never Goes Away". American Heritage Magazine. Vol. 41, no. 2.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Rhodes, James Ford (1893). History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850. New York: Harper & Bros. pp. 507–508.
Potter & Fehrenbacher 1976, p. 485. Potter, David M.; Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-013403-7.
Potter & Fehrenbacher 1976, pp. 572–573. Potter, David M.; Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1976). The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 978-0-06-013403-7.
Current, Richard N. (1963). Lincoln and the First Shot J. B. Lippincott Company, pp. 193-194.
Howard, F. K. (1863). Fourteen Months in American Bastiles. London: H. F. Mackintosh. Retrieved August 18, 2014.
Weigley 2004, p. 55. Weigley, Frank Russell (2004). A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-33738-2.
Keegan 2009, p. 73. "Over 10,000 military engagements took place during the war, 40 percent of them in Virginia and Tennessee." Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
Keegan 2009, p. 57. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
Leonard 1999, pp. 165, 310–311. Leonard, Elizabeth D. (1999). All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04712-1.
Leonard 1999, p. 240. Leonard, Elizabeth D. (1999). All the Daring of the Soldier: Women of the Civil War Armies. W.W. Norton & Co. ISBN 0-393-04712-1.
Brown, Kent Masterson (2000). The Civil War in Kentucky: Battle for the Bluegrass State. Mason City, IA: Savas. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-882810-47-5.
Keegan 2009, p. 100. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
Keegan 2009, p. 270. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
Keegan 2009, pp. 220–221. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.
Grant, Ulysses S. (1990). Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant; Selected Letters. Library of America. p. 247. ISBN 978-0-940450-58-5.
"Withdrawal of Belligerent Rights by Great Britain". Army and Navy Journal. 2 (44). New York: American News Company: 695. June 24, 1865. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
"England and the Termination of the Rebellion". Army and Navy Journal. 2 (48). New York: American News Company: 763. July 22, 1865. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
"Withdrawal of British Restrictions Upon American Naval Vessels". Army and Navy Journal. 3 (11). New York: American News Company: 172. November 4, 1865. Retrieved July 25, 2022.
Depew, Chauncey, ed. (1968). One Hundred Years of American Commerce 1795–1895. New York: Greenwood. p. 111.
Keegan 2009, p. 75. Keegan, John (2009). The American Civil War: A Military History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-26343-8.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Coates, Ta-Nehisi (June 23, 2015). "What This Cruel War Was Over". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
"Civil War Toll Much Worse in Confederate States, New Estimates Show". archive.ph. November 19, 2024. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 27, 2024.

army.mil (Global: 249^th place; English: 169^th place)

history.army.mil

"The Civil War, 1861" (PDF). American Military History. pp. 199–221. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2012. With an actual strength of 1,080 officers and 14,926 enlisted men on June 30, 1860, the Regular Army...
"Overview of the Battle". history.army.mil. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2024. On 3 August, General Halleck directed General McClellan to begin his final withdrawal from the Peninsula and to return to Northern Virginia to support Pope. McClellan protested and did not begin his redeployment until 14 August. The situation created an opportunity for General Lee. The removal of the Army of the Potomac as a threat meant that there would be a short period when he could turn on Pope's force and actually outnumber it before the merger of the two Federal armies.
Bradley 2015, p. 68. Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Civil War Ends (PDF). US Army, Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
Bradley 2015, p. 69. "The 58-year-old Cherokee chieftain was the last Confederate general to lay down his arms. The last Confederate-affiliated tribe to surrender was the Chickasaw nation, which capitulated on 14 July." Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Civil War Ends (PDF). US Army, Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.

bartleby.com (Global: 1,295^th place; English: 1,196^th place)

"Horace Greeley (1811–1872). "The Prayer of Twenty Millions". Stedman and Hutchinson, eds. 1891. A Library of American Literature: An Anthology in 11 Volumes". www.bartleby.com. June 14, 2022.

battlefields.org (Global: 9,632^nd place; English: 5,862^nd place)

"A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union". The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States. 1861. Retrieved September 12, 2024 – via American Battlefield Trust.
"Gettysburg". American Battlefield Trust. Retrieved May 5, 2025.
"Vicksburg". American Battlefield Trust. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
"10 Facts: The Vicksburg Campaign". American Battlefield Trust. January 31, 2013. Retrieved September 13, 2022.
"Sherman's March to the Sea". American Battlefield Trust. September 17, 2014.
"Ulysses S. Grant: The Myth of 'Unconditional Surrender' Begins at Fort Donelson". American Battlefield Trust. April 17, 2009. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016.
"Saved Land". American Battlefield Trust. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2018.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Chambers & Anderson 1999, p. 849. Chambers, John W.; Anderson, Fred (1999). The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507198-6.
Patrick Karl O'Brien (2002). Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-521921-0. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
Winters 1963, p. 28. Winters, John D. (1963). The Civil War in Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0834-5. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Hardyman, Robyn (2016). What Caused the Civil War?. Gareth Stevens. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4824-5180-1.
Jones 2011, pp. 203–204. Jones, Terry L. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7953-9.
Jones 2011, p. 21. Jones, Terry L. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7953-9.
Neely 1993, pp. 10–11. Neely, Mark E. (1993). Confederate Bastille: Jefferson Davis and Civil Liberties. Milwaukee, WI: Marquette University Press. ISBN 978-0-87462-325-3.
Nicolay, John George; Hay, John (1890). Abraham Lincoln: A History. Century. p. 264.
Coulter 1950, p. 308. Coulter, E. Merton (1950). The Confederate States of America, 1861–1865: A History of the South. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0007-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Faust, Albert Bernhardt (1909). The German Element in the United States: With Special Reference to Its Political, Moral, Social, and Educational Influence. Houghton Mifflin.
Reid, Richard M. (2014). African Canadians in Union Blue: Volunteering for the Cause in the Civil War. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. pp. 4–5, 40. ISBN 978-0-7748-2745-4.
Pickenpaugh, Roger (2013). Captives in Blue: The Civil War Prisons of the Confederacy. University of Alabama Press. pp. 57–73. ISBN 978-0-8173-1783-6.
Tucker, Pierpaoli & White 2010, p. 1466. Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; White, William E. (2010). The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-338-5.
Welles, Gideon (January 1865). "Secretary of the Navy's Report". The Sailors' Magazine and Seamen's Friend. Vol. 37, no. 5. American Seamen's Friend Society. p. 152.
Tucker, Pierpaoli & White 2010, p. 462. Tucker, Spencer C.; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; White, William E. (2010). The Civil War Naval Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-338-5.
Canney 1998, p. ^{[page needed]}. Canney, Donald L. (1998). Lincoln's Navy: The Ships, Men and Organization, 1861–65. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-519-4.
Nelson 2005, p. 92. Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-052404-3.
Anderson 1989, p. 300. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3.
Nelson 2005, p. 345. Nelson, James L. (2005). Reign of Iron: The Story of the First Battling Ironclads, the Monitor and the Merrimack. New York: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-052404-3.
Richter 2009, p. 49. Richter, William L. (2009). The A to Z of the Civil War and Reconstruction. Lanham: Scarecrow. ISBN 978-0-8108-6336-1.
Anderson 1989, pp. 288–289, 296–298. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3.
Wise 1991, p. 49. Wise, Stephen R. (1991). Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running During the Civil War. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-87249-799-3.
Stern 1962, pp. 224–225. Stern, Phillip Van Doren (1962). The Confederate Navy. Doubleday.
Wise 1991, p. ^{[page needed]}. Wise, Stephen R. (1991). Lifeline of the Confederacy: Blockade Running During the Civil War. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-87249-799-3.
Kevin Dougherty (2010). Weapons of Mississippi. University Press of Mississippi. p. 87. ISBN 978-1-60473-452-2.
Jones 2002, p. 225. Jones, Howard (2002). Crucible of Power: A History of American Foreign Relations to 1913. Wilmington, DE: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8420-2916-2.
Anderson 1989, p. 91. Anderson, Bern (1989). By Sea and By River: The naval history of the Civil War. Hachette. ISBN 978-0-306-80367-3.
Jones, Wilmer L. (2006). Generals in Blue and Gray: Lincoln's Generals. Stackpole. pp. 237–238. ISBN 978-1-4617-5106-9.
Noyalas, Jonathan A. (2010). Stonewall Jackson's 1862 Valley Campaign. Arcadia. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-61423-040-3.
Thomas, Emory M. (1997). Robert E. Lee: A Biography. W. W. Norton. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-393-31631-5.
Frank & Reaves 2003, p. 170. Frank, Joseph Allan; Reaves, George A. (2003). Seeing the Elephant: Raw Recruits at the Battle of Shiloh. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-07126-3.
Symonds & Clipson 2001, p. 92. Symonds, Craig L.; Clipson, William J. (2001). The Naval Institute Historical Atlas of the U.S. Navy. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-55750-984-0.
Jones 2011, p. 1476. Jones, Terry L. (2011). Historical Dictionary of the Civil War. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7953-9.
Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta (2016). Understanding U.S. Military Conflicts through Primary Sources [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-61069-934-1.
Morris, John Wesley (1977). Ghost Towns of Oklahoma. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8061-1420-0.
Murray, Bernstein & Knox 1996, p. 235. Murray, Williamson; Bernstein, Alvin; Knox, MacGregor (1996). The Making of Strategy: Rulers, States, and War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-56627-8.
Coulter 1950, p. 566. Coulter, E. Merton (1950). The Confederate States of America, 1861–1865: A History of the South. Louisiana State University Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-0007-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
McPherson 1997, pp. 169–172. McPherson, James M. (1997). For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-974105-2.
Gallagher, Gary W. (1999). The Confederate War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-674-16056-9.
Vinovskis 1990, p. 7. Vinovskis, Maris (1990). Toward a Social History of the American Civil War: Exploratory Essays. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-39559-5.
Foner 2010, p. 74. Foner, Eric (2010). The Fiery Trial: Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W. W. Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-34066-2.
Foner 1981, p. ^{[page needed]}. Foner, Eric (1981). Politics and Ideology in the Age of the Civil War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-502926-0. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
Asante & Mazama 2004, p. 82. Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama (2004). Encyclopedia of Black Studies. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. ISBN 978-0-7619-2762-4.
Holzer & Gabbard 2007, pp. 172–174. Holzer, Harold; Gabbard, Sara Vaughn, eds. (2007). Lincoln and Freedom: Slavery, Emancipation, and the Thirteenth Amendment. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2764-5.
Woodworth 1996, p. 208. Woodworth, Steven E. (1996). The American Civil War: A Handbook of Literature and Research. Wesport, CT: Greenwood. ISBN 978-0-313-29019-0.
Cushman, Stephen (2014). Belligerent Muse: Five Northern Writers and How They Shaped Our Understanding of the Civil War. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-1-4696-1878-4.
Hofstadter, Richard (2012) [1968]. Progressive Historians. Knopf Doubleday. p. 304. ISBN 978-0-307-80960-5.
Buckley, John (2006). Air Power in the Age of Total War. Routledge. pp. 6, 24. ISBN 978-1-135-36275-1.
Hutchison, Coleman (2015). A History of American Civil War Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-316-43241-9.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"American Civil War: The naval war". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 24, 2022.
"Red River Campaign". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022.
"Second Battle of Fort Wagner". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved January 25, 2022.

carlisle-army.mil (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mangum, Ronald Scott (1991). "The Vicksburg Campaign: A Study In Joint Operations" (PDF). Parameters: U.S. Army War College. 21 (3): 74–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2012.

census.gov (Global: 45^th place; English: 41^st place)

www2.census.gov

"Manufactures of the United States in 1860; Compiled from the original returns of the Eight Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 17, 2017.

civil-war.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Ordinances of Secession of the 13 Confederate States of America". Archived from the original on June 11, 2004. Retrieved November 28, 2012.

cornell.edu (Global: 332^nd place; English: 246^th place)

ebooks.library.cornell.edu

"The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2". United States War Dept. 1900. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Woods, Michael E. (August 20, 2012). "What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature". Journal of American History. 99 (2): 415–439. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas272. ISSN 0021-8723.
Woods, M. E. (August 20, 2012). "What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature". Journal of American History. 99 (2): 415–439. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas272. ISSN 0021-8723.
Loewen, James W. (2011). "Using Confederate Documents to Teach About Secession, Slavery, and the Origins of the Civil War". OAH Magazine of History. Vol. 25, no. 2. pp. 35–44. doi:10.1093/oahmag/oar002. ISSN 0882-228X. JSTOR 23210244. Confederate leaders themselves made it plain that slavery was the key issue sparking secession.
Harris, William C. (Winter 2000). "The Hampton Roads Peace Conference: A Final Test of Lincoln's Presidential Leadership". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 21 (1): 30–61. doi:10.5406/19457987.21.1.04. hdl:2027/spo.2629860.0021.104. ISSN 1945-7987.
Hallock, Judith Lee (1983). "The Role of the Community in Civil War Desertion" (PDF). Civil War History. 29 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1353/cwh.1983.0013.
Bearman, Peter S. (1991). "Desertion as Localism: Army Unit Solidarity and Group Norms in the U.S. Civil War". Social Forces. 70 (2): 321–342. doi:10.1093/sf/70.2.321. JSTOR 2580242.
Neely, Mark E. (June 1986). "The Perils of Running the Blockade: The Influence of International Law in an Era of Total War". Civil War History. 32 (2): 101–118. doi:10.1353/cwh.1986.0012.
Neely, Mark E. (December 2004). "Was the Civil War a Total War?". Civil War History. 50 (4): 434–458. doi:10.1353/cwh.2004.0073.
Dupont, Brandon; Rosenbloom, Joshua L. (2018). "The Economic Origins of the Postwar Southern Elite". Explorations in Economic History. 68: 119–131. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2017.09.002.
Barceló, Joan; Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Peisakhin, Leonid; Zhai, Haoyu (November 26, 2024). "New Estimates of US Civil War mortality from full-census records". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (48) e2414919121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12114919B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2414919121. PMC 11621511. PMID 39556740.
Aptheker, Herbert (January 1947). "Negro Casualties in the Civil War". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (1). University of Chicago Press: 10–80. doi:10.2307/2715291. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715291.

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

"Finally Passing". The Economist. March 31, 2011. pp. 23–25. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011.

essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Presidents Who Were Civil War Veterans". Essential Civil War Curriculum.

gettysburgcompiler.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Nadeau, Ryan (January 5, 2015). "A Prussian Observes the American Civil War". The Gettysburg Compiler. Retrieved January 6, 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Mendelsohn 2012, pp. 43–44. Mendelsohn, Adam (2012). "Samuel and Saul Isaac: International Jewish Arms Dealers, Blockade Runners, and Civil War Profiteers" (PDF). Journal of the Southern Jewish Historical Society. 15. Southern Jewish Historical Society: 41–79. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

abcnews.go.com

Cathey, Libby (June 17, 2021). "Biden signs bill making Juneteenth, marking the end of slavery, a federal holiday". ABC News. Retrieved June 17, 2021.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Harris, William C. (Winter 2000). "The Hampton Roads Peace Conference: A Final Test of Lincoln's Presidential Leadership". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 21 (1): 30–61. doi:10.5406/19457987.21.1.04. hdl:2027/spo.2629860.0021.104. ISSN 1945-7987.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Barceló, Joan; Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Peisakhin, Leonid; Zhai, Haoyu (November 26, 2024). "New Estimates of US Civil War mortality from full-census records". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (48) e2414919121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12114919B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2414919121. PMC 11621511. PMID 39556740.

history.com (Global: 555^th place; English: 467^th place)

"Abraham Lincoln imposes first federal income tax". History.com. November 16, 2009. Retrieved June 12, 2021.
"Battle of Olustee". History.com. November 13, 2009. Retrieved October 21, 2025.

historytoday.com (Global: 2,975^th place; English: 1,986^th place)

Farmer, Alan (2005). "Why was the Confederacy Defeated?". History Review. pp. 15–20. Archived from the original on March 23, 2014 – via History Today.

hnn.us (Global: 7,733^rd place; English: 5,564^th place)

Elizabeth R. Varon, Bruce Levine, Marc Egnal, and Michael Holt at a plenary session of the organization of American Historians, March 17, 2011, reported by David A. Walsh "Highlights from the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians in Houston, Texas" HNN online Archived December 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548^th place; English: 1,587^th place)

lib.dr.iastate.edu

Dupont, Brandon; Rosenbloom, Joshua L. (2018). "The Economic Origins of the Postwar Southern Elite". Explorations in Economic History. 68: 119–131. doi:10.1016/j.eeh.2017.09.002.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

Keys, David (June 24, 2014). "Historians reveal secrets of UK gun-running which lengthened the American civil war by two years". The Independent.

jewishsouth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Mendelsohn 2012, pp. 43–44. Mendelsohn, Adam (2012). "Samuel and Saul Isaac: International Jewish Arms Dealers, Blockade Runners, and Civil War Profiteers" (PDF). Journal of the Southern Jewish Historical Society. 15. Southern Jewish Historical Society: 41–79. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.

jhu.edu (Global: 699^th place; English: 479^th place)

mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu

Hallock, Judith Lee (1983). "The Role of the Community in Civil War Desertion" (PDF). Civil War History. 29 (2): 123–134. doi:10.1353/cwh.1983.0013.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Loewen, James W. (2011). "Using Confederate Documents to Teach About Secession, Slavery, and the Origins of the Civil War". OAH Magazine of History. Vol. 25, no. 2. pp. 35–44. doi:10.1093/oahmag/oar002. ISSN 0882-228X. JSTOR 23210244. Confederate leaders themselves made it plain that slavery was the key issue sparking secession.
Bearman, Peter S. (1991). "Desertion as Localism: Army Unit Solidarity and Group Norms in the U.S. Civil War". Social Forces. 70 (2): 321–342. doi:10.1093/sf/70.2.321. JSTOR 2580242.
Aptheker, Herbert (January 1947). "Negro Casualties in the Civil War". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (1). University of Chicago Press: 10–80. doi:10.2307/2715291. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715291.
Williams, Susan Millar; Hoffius, Stephen G. (2011). Upheaval in Charleston: Earthquake and Murder on the Eve of Jim Crow. University of Georgia Press. ISBN 978-0-8203-3715-9. JSTOR j.ctt46nc9q.

ky.gov (Global: 4,208^th place; English: 2,295^th place)

apps.legislature.ky.gov

"Lincoln Lore – Albert G. Hodges". Kentucky Legislature. Retrieved January 20, 2022.

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 6,128^th place; English: 3,995^th place)

"Eastern Theater of the Civil War". Legends of America. Retrieved April 22, 2024.

loc.gov (Global: 70^th place; English: 63^rd place)

"1861 Time Line". Civil War Glass Negatives and Related Prints. Library of Congress. Retrieved January 22, 2022.

lsu.edu (Global: 3,324^th place; English: 2,257^th place)

cwc.lsu.edu

Nofi, Al (June 13, 2001). "Statistics on the War's Costs". Louisiana State University. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved October 14, 2007.

maryland.gov (Global: 2,659^th place; English: 1,407^th place)

msa.maryland.gov

"Civil War and the Maryland General Assembly". Maryland State Archives. Retrieved May 28, 2017.

murfreesboropost.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

West, Mike (April 27, 2007). "Hazen's Monument a rare, historic treasure". Murfreesboro Post. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Yancey Hall (July 1, 2003). "US Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on July 7, 2003.

newspaperarchive.com (Global: 1,584^th place; English: 855^th place)

"Union / Victory! / Peace! / Surrender of General Lee and His Whole Army". The New York Times. April 10, 1865. p. 1.
"Most Glorious News of the War / Lee Has Surrendered to Grant ! / All Lee's Officers and Men Are Paroled". Savannah Daily Herald. Savannah, GA. April 16, 1865. pp. 1, 4.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barceló, Joan; Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Peisakhin, Leonid; Zhai, Haoyu (November 26, 2024). "New Estimates of US Civil War mortality from full-census records". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (48) e2414919121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12114919B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2414919121. PMC 11621511. PMID 39556740.

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Barceló, Joan; Jensen, Jeffrey L.; Peisakhin, Leonid; Zhai, Haoyu (November 26, 2024). "New Estimates of US Civil War mortality from full-census records". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121 (48) e2414919121. Bibcode:2024PNAS..12114919B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2414919121. PMC 11621511. PMID 39556740.

nps.gov (Global: 135^th place; English: 105^th place)

"Facts". National Park Service.
"Salem Church". National Park Service. October 5, 2021. Retrieved March 30, 2022.
"Death of Albert Sidney Johnston – Tour Stop #17". National Park Service. Retrieved March 12, 2022.
Lattimore, Ralston B. "Battle for Fort Pulaski – Fort Pulaski National Monument". National Park Service. Retrieved April 20, 2022.
"Andrew Johnson and Emancipation in Tennessee – Andrew Johnson National Historic Site". National Park Service.

nyhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcollections.nyhistory.org

Among the many other contemporary sources and later historians citing May 26, 1865, as the end date for the American Civil War hostilities are George Templeton Strong, who was a prominent New York lawyer; a founder, treasurer, and member of the Executive Committee of United States Sanitary Commission throughout the war; and a diarist. A diary excerpt is published in Gienapp, William E. (ed.). The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Documentary Collection. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2001, pp. 313–314 ISBN 978-0-393-97555-0. A footnote in Gienapp shows the excerpt was taken from an edited version of the diaries by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong, vol. 2 (New York: The Macmillan Company), pp. 600–601, which differs from the volume and page numbers of the original diaries; the page in Strong's original handwriting is shown at "Volume 4, pages 124–125: diary entries for May 23 (continued)–June 7, 1865". Archived from the original on November 16, 2022 – via New-York Historical Society Museum & Library.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

nytimes.com

- "End of the Rebellion; The Last Rebel Army Disbands". The New York Times. United States Department of War. May 29, 1865. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
- "The Case of Dr. Walker, Only Woman to Win (and Lose) the Medal of Honor". The New York Times. June 4, 1977. Retrieved January 6, 2018.
- "Civil War Toll Much Worse in Confederate States, New Estimates Show". archive.ph. November 19, 2024. Archived from the original on November 19, 2024. Retrieved November 27, 2024.
- Riordan, Teresa (March 8, 2004). "When Necessity Meets Ingenuity: Art of Restoring What's Missing". The New York Times. Associated Press. Retrieved December 23, 2013.
- Abraham Lincoln (August 24, 1862). "A LETTER FROM PRESIDENT LINCOLN.; Reply to Horace Greeley. Slavery and the Union The Restoration of the Union the Paramount Object". The New York Times. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Wikidata Q116965145.
- Rhodes-Pitts, Sharifa (October 9, 2014). "The Worth of Black Men, From Slavery to Ferguson". The New York Times Magazine. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com
- Hacker, J. David (September 20, 2011). "Recounting the Dead". The New York Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
oocities.org (Global: 3,869^th place; English: 3,301^st place)
- "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War". Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army
osd.mil (Global: 4,000^th place; English: 3,127^th place)
dcas.dmdc.osd.mil
- "US Military Casualties: Principal Wars 1775–1991". Defence Casuality Analysis System (DCAS).
ospreypublishing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "American Civil War Fortifications". Osprey.
oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)
blog.oup.com
- Downs 2012. "The rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." Downs, James (April 13, 2012). "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press blog. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018.
- Downs 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ...". Downs, James (April 13, 2012). "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press blog. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018.
pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)
- Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (January 16, 2013). "What Is Juneteenth?". PBS. Retrieved June 12, 2020.
pbslearningmedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Returned Flags Booklet, 1905". Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via PBS LearningMedia.
sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; English: 920^th place)
- "U.S. Civil War Took Bigger Toll Than Previously Estimated, New Analysis Suggests". Science Daily. September 22, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
slavenorth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Harper, Douglas (2003). "Slavery in Delaware". Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)
- Merritt, Keri Leigh. "Why We Need a New Civil War Documentary". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
spokesman.com (Global: 2,057^th place; English: 1,118^th place)
- "Debate over Ken Burns Civil War doc continues over decades". The Spokesman-Review. November 4, 2017. Retrieved May 4, 2020.
state.gov (Global: 264^th place; English: 249^th place)
diplomacy.state.gov
- "The Trent Affair: Diplomacy, Britain, and the American Civil War – National Museum of American Diplomacy". January 5, 2022. Retrieved January 18, 2022.
teachingamericanhistorymd.net (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Teaching American History in Maryland – Documents for the Classroom: Arrest of the Maryland Legislature, 1861". Maryland State Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)
- Coates, Ta-Nehisi (June 23, 2015). "What This Cruel War Was Over". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on October 31, 2017.
thehorsemenscorral.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "The Battle of Gettysburg & the History of the Civil War Horse". June 25, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2024.
tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)
perseus.tufts.edu
- Jones, J. William (ed.). "1.37: Confederate States' flags". Southern Historical Society Papers. Vol. 32. Retrieved January 9, 2024 – via Perseus Digital Library.
uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)
penelope.uchicago.edu
- Freeman, Douglas Southall (1934). R. E. Lee: A Biography. Vol. II. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 78 and footnote 6.
ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)
presidency.ucsb.edu
- Buchanan, James (December 3, 1860). "Fourth Annual Message". Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2012 – via The American Presidency Project.
- "Abraham Lincoln: Proclamation 83 – Increasing the Size of the Army and Navy". Presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved November 3, 2011.
- Lincoln, Abraham (April 11, 1865). "Proclamation 128—Claiming Equality of Rights with All Maritime Nations". The American Presidency Project. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. University of California, Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. The proclamation did not use the term "belligerent rights".
- Johnson, Andrew (May 10, 1865). "Proclamation 132—Ordering the Arrest of Insurgent Cruisers". The American Presidency Project. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. University of California, Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. The proclamation did not use the term "belligerent rights".
umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)
freedmen.umd.edu
- "Emancipation in the Federal Territories, June 19, 1862".
umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)
quod.lib.umich.edu
- Fehrenbacher, Don (2004). "Lincoln's Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 9 (1). University of Illinois. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
vt.edu (Global: 2,431^st place; English: 1,607^th place)
dhr.history.vt.edu
- "U.S. Railroad Construction, 1860–1880". Digital History Reader. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
warfarehistorynetwork.com (Global: low place; English: 6,423^rd place)
- Scott, E. Carole. Southerner vs. Southerner: Union Supporters Below the Mason-Dixon Line. Warfare History Network. Retrieved November 11, 2024.
wdl.org (Global: 1,424^th place; English: 1,680^th place)
- "Profile Showing the Grades upon the Different Routes Surveyed for the Union Pacific Rail Road Between the Missouri River and the Valley of the Platte River". World Digital Library. 1865. Retrieved July 16, 2013.
web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)
- - "End of the Rebellion; The Last Rebel Army Disbands". The New York Times. United States Department of War. May 29, 1865. Archived from the original on September 15, 2018. Retrieved July 29, 2022.
  - Among the many other contemporary sources and later historians citing May 26, 1865, as the end date for the American Civil War hostilities are George Templeton Strong, who was a prominent New York lawyer; a founder, treasurer, and member of the Executive Committee of United States Sanitary Commission throughout the war; and a diarist. A diary excerpt is published in Gienapp, William E. (ed.). The Civil War and Reconstruction: A Documentary Collection. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2001, pp. 313–314 ISBN 978-0-393-97555-0. A footnote in Gienapp shows the excerpt was taken from an edited version of the diaries by Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., The Diary of George Templeton Strong, vol. 2 (New York: The Macmillan Company), pp. 600–601, which differs from the volume and page numbers of the original diaries; the page in Strong's original handwriting is shown at "Volume 4, pages 124–125: diary entries for May 23 (continued)–June 7, 1865". Archived from the original on November 16, 2022 – via New-York Historical Society Museum & Library.
  - "Size of the Union Army in the American Civil War". Archived from the original on January 30, 2016. Of which 131,000 were in the Navy and Marines, 140,000 were garrison troops and home defense militia, and 427,000 were in the field army
  - "The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies; Series 4 – Volume 2". United States War Dept. 1900. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017.
  - Fox, William F. (1889). Regimental losses in the American Civil War. Archived from the original on May 25, 2017.
  - Nofi, Al (June 13, 2001). "Statistics on the War's Costs". Louisiana State University. Archived from the original on July 11, 2007. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  - Downs 2012. "The rough 19th century estimate was that 60,000 former slaves died from the epidemic, but doctors treating black patients often claimed that they were unable to keep accurate records due to demands on their time and the lack of manpower and resources. The surviving records only include the number of black patients whom doctors encountered; tens of thousands of other slaves had no contact with army doctors, leaving no records of their deaths." Downs, James (April 13, 2012). "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press blog. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018.
  - Hacker, J. David (September 20, 2011). "Recounting the Dead". The New York Times. Associated Press. Archived from the original on September 25, 2011. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
  - Downs 2012. "An 2 April 2012 New York Times article, 'New Estimate Raises Civil War Death Toll', reports that a new study ratchets up the death toll from an estimated 650,000 to a staggering 850,000 people. As horrific as this new number is, it fails to reflect the mortality of former slaves during the war. If former slaves were included in this figure, the Civil War death toll would likely be over a million casualties ...". Downs, James (April 13, 2012). "Colorblindness in the demographic death toll of the Civil War". Oxford University Press blog. Archived from the original on January 19, 2018.
  - Patrick Karl O'Brien (2002). Atlas of World History. Oxford University Press. p. 184. ISBN 978-0-19-521921-0. Archived from the original on September 5, 2015. Retrieved October 25, 2015.
  - Elizabeth R. Varon, Bruce Levine, Marc Egnal, and Michael Holt at a plenary session of the organization of American Historians, March 17, 2011, reported by David A. Walsh "Highlights from the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians in Houston, Texas" HNN online Archived December 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  - "Ordinances of Secession of the 13 Confederate States of America". Archived from the original on June 11, 2004. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "Confederate States of America – Georgia Secession". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "Confederate States of America – A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - Buchanan, James (December 3, 1860). "Fourth Annual Message". Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2012 – via The American Presidency Project.
  - "Teaching American History in Maryland – Documents for the Classroom: Arrest of the Maryland Legislature, 1861". Maryland State Archives. 2005. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  - "A State of Convenience, The Creation of West Virginia". West Virginia Archives & History. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  - "The Civil War, 1861" (PDF). American Military History. pp. 199–221. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 17, 2012. With an actual strength of 1,080 officers and 14,926 enlisted men on June 30, 1860, the Regular Army...
  - "Highlights in the History of Military Women". Women In Military Service For America Memorial. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  - "Overview of the Battle". history.army.mil. Archived from the original on December 17, 2007. Retrieved September 13, 2024. On 3 August, General Halleck directed General McClellan to begin his final withdrawal from the Peninsula and to return to Northern Virginia to support Pope. McClellan protested and did not begin his redeployment until 14 August. The situation created an opportunity for General Lee. The removal of the Army of the Potomac as a threat meant that there would be a short period when he could turn on Pope's force and actually outnumber it before the merger of the two Federal armies.
  - Mangum, Ronald Scott (1991). "The Vicksburg Campaign: A Study In Joint Operations" (PDF). Parameters: U.S. Army War College. 21 (3): 74–86. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 27, 2012.
  - "Red River Campaign". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on March 27, 2022.
  - Bradley 2015, p. 68. Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Civil War Ends (PDF). US Army, Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  - "Ulysses S. Grant: The Myth of 'Unconditional Surrender' Begins at Fort Donelson". American Battlefield Trust. April 17, 2009. Archived from the original on February 7, 2016.
  - Bradley 2015, p. 69. "The 58-year-old Cherokee chieftain was the last Confederate general to lay down his arms. The last Confederate-affiliated tribe to surrender was the Chickasaw nation, which capitulated on 14 July." Bradley, Mark L. (2015). The Civil War Ends (PDF). US Army, Center of Military History. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 26, 2022. Retrieved May 26, 2022.
  - Lincoln, Abraham (April 11, 1865). "Proclamation 128—Claiming Equality of Rights with All Maritime Nations". The American Presidency Project. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. University of California, Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. The proclamation did not use the term "belligerent rights".
  - Johnson, Andrew (May 10, 1865). "Proclamation 132—Ordering the Arrest of Insurgent Cruisers". The American Presidency Project. Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley. University of California, Santa Barbara. Archived from the original on November 16, 2022. Retrieved July 25, 2022. The proclamation did not use the term "belligerent rights".
  - "Manufactures of the United States in 1860; Compiled from the original returns of the Eight Census" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on August 17, 2017.
  - "U.S. Railroad Construction, 1860–1880". Digital History Reader. Virginia Tech. Archived from the original on June 11, 2016. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  - Farmer, Alan (2005). "Why was the Confederacy Defeated?". History Review. pp. 15–20. Archived from the original on March 23, 2014 – via History Today.
  - Bordewich, Fergus M. (February 6, 2015). "The World Was Watching: America's Civil War slowly came to be seen as part of a global struggle against oppressive privilege". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017.
  - Richard Wightman Fox (2008). "National Life After Death". Slate.
  - Yancey Hall (July 1, 2003). "US Civil War Prison Camps Claimed Thousands". National Geographic News. Archived from the original on July 7, 2003.
  - Baker 2003. Baker, Kevin (February–March 2003). "Violent City". American Heritage Magazine. Vol. 54, no. 1. Archived from the original on October 19, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
  - Harper, Douglas (2003). "Slavery in Delaware". Archived from the original on October 16, 2007. Retrieved October 16, 2007.
  - "Finally Passing". The Economist. March 31, 2011. pp. 23–25. Archived from the original on April 20, 2011.
  - West, Mike (April 27, 2007). "Hazen's Monument a rare, historic treasure". Murfreesboro Post. Archived from the original on November 18, 2018. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  - "Saved Land". American Battlefield Trust. Archived from the original on August 12, 2019. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  - McWhirter, Cameron (May 25, 2019). "Civil War Battlefields Lose Ground as Tourist Draws". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019.
  wikidata.org (Global: 43^rd place; English: 161^st place)
  - Abraham Lincoln (August 24, 1862). "A LETTER FROM PRESIDENT LINCOLN.; Reply to Horace Greeley. Slavery and the Union The Restoration of the Union the Paramount Object". The New York Times. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Wikidata Q116965145.
  - Oscar Handlin; Arthur M. Schlesinger Sr.; Samuel Eliot Morison; Frederick Merk; Arthur M. Schlesinger; Paul Herman Buck (1954), Harvard Guide to American History, Belknap Press, pp. 385–398, Wikidata Q118746838
  womensmemorial.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
  - "Highlights in the History of Military Women". Women In Military Service For America Memorial. Archived from the original on April 3, 2013. Retrieved June 22, 2013.
  worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)
  search.worldcat.org
  - Long 1971, p. 705. Long, E. B. (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 68283123.
  - Woods, Michael E. (August 20, 2012). "What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature". Journal of American History. 99 (2): 415–439. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas272. ISSN 0021-8723.
  - Woods, M. E. (August 20, 2012). "What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature". Journal of American History. 99 (2): 415–439. doi:10.1093/jahist/jas272. ISSN 0021-8723.
  - Loewen, James W. (2011). "Using Confederate Documents to Teach About Secession, Slavery, and the Origins of the Civil War". OAH Magazine of History. Vol. 25, no. 2. pp. 35–44. doi:10.1093/oahmag/oar002. ISSN 0882-228X. JSTOR 23210244. Confederate leaders themselves made it plain that slavery was the key issue sparking secession.
  - Harris, William C. (Winter 2000). "The Hampton Roads Peace Conference: A Final Test of Lincoln's Presidential Leadership". Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association. 21 (1): 30–61. doi:10.5406/19457987.21.1.04. hdl:2027/spo.2629860.0021.104. ISSN 1945-7987.
  - Martin, James B. (2012). Third War: Irregular Warfare on the Western Border 1861–1865. Leavenworth papers. Vol. 23. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Combat Studies Institute Press. OCLC 1029877004.
  - Trefousse, Hans L. (1957). Ben Butler: The South Called Him Beast!. New York: Twayne. OCLC 371213.
  - Long 1971, p. 685. Long, E. B. (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 68283123.
  - Long 1971, p. 688. Long, E. B. (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 68283123.
  - Long 1971, p. 690. Long, E. B. (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 68283123.
  - Long 1971, p. 692. Long, E. B. (1971). The Civil War Day by Day: An Almanac, 1861–1865. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. OCLC 68283123.
  - Aptheker, Herbert (January 1947). "Negro Casualties in the Civil War". The Journal of Negro History. 32 (1). University of Chicago Press: 10–80. doi:10.2307/2715291. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2715291.
  - Abraham Lincoln (August 24, 1862). "A LETTER FROM PRESIDENT LINCOLN.; Reply to Horace Greeley. Slavery and the Union The Restoration of the Union the Paramount Object". The New York Times. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Wikidata Q116965145.
  - Rhodes-Pitts, Sharifa (October 9, 2014). "The Worth of Black Men, From Slavery to Ferguson". The New York Times Magazine. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 25, 2023.
  wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)
  - Bordewich, Fergus M. (February 6, 2015). "The World Was Watching: America's Civil War slowly came to be seen as part of a global struggle against oppressive privilege". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on February 21, 2017.
  - McWhirter, Cameron (May 25, 2019). "Civil War Battlefields Lose Ground as Tourist Draws". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on October 10, 2019.
  wsu.edu (Global: 3,088^th place; English: 2,250^th place)
  digitalexhibits.wsulibs.wsu.edu
  - "War in the West · Civil War · Digital Exhibits". digitalexhibits.wsulibs.wsu.edu. Retrieved March 7, 2022.
  wvculture.org (Global: 9,060^th place; English: 5,074^th place)
  - "A State of Convenience, The Creation of West Virginia". West Virginia Archives & History. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved April 20, 2012.
  yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)
  avalon.law.yale.edu
  - "Confederate States of America – Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on February 20, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on October 10, 2014. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "Confederate States of America – Georgia Secession". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
  - "Confederate States of America – A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union". The Avalon Project. Archived from the original on August 11, 2011. Retrieved November 28, 2012.

American Civil War (English Wikipedia)

americanheritage.com (Global: 2,758th place; English: 1,739th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

archive.today (Global: 14th place; English: 14th place)

army.mil (Global: 249th place; English: 169th place)

history.army.mil

bartleby.com (Global: 1,295th place; English: 1,196th place)

battlefields.org (Global: 9,632nd place; English: 5,862nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40th place; English: 58th place)

carlisle-army.mil (Global: low place; English: low place)

census.gov (Global: 45th place; English: 41st place)

www2.census.gov

civil-war.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

cornell.edu (Global: 332nd place; English: 246th place)

ebooks.library.cornell.edu

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

economist.com (Global: 254th place; English: 236th place)

essentialcivilwarcurriculum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

gettysburgcompiler.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32nd place; English: 21st place)

go.com (Global: 48th place; English: 39th place)

abcnews.go.com

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

history.com (Global: 555th place; English: 467th place)

historytoday.com (Global: 2,975th place; English: 1,986th place)

hnn.us (Global: 7,733rd place; English: 5,564th place)

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548th place; English: 1,587th place)

lib.dr.iastate.edu

independent.co.uk (Global: 36th place; English: 33rd place)

jewishsouth.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

jhu.edu (Global: 699th place; English: 479th place)

mtw160-198.ippl.jhu.edu

jstor.org (Global: 26th place; English: 20th place)

ky.gov (Global: 4,208th place; English: 2,295th place)

apps.legislature.ky.gov

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 6,128th place; English: 3,995th place)

loc.gov (Global: 70th place; English: 63rd place)

lsu.edu (Global: 3,324th place; English: 2,257th place)

cwc.lsu.edu

maryland.gov (Global: 2,659th place; English: 1,407th place)

msa.maryland.gov

murfreesboropost.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344th place; English: 296th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

newspaperarchive.com (Global: 1,584th place; English: 855th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

nps.gov (Global: 135th place; English: 105th place)

nyhistory.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

digitalcollections.nyhistory.org

nytimes.com (Global: 7th place; English: 7th place)

nytimes.com

opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com

oocities.org (Global: 3,869th place; English: 3,301st place)

osd.mil (Global: 4,000th place; English: 3,127th place)

dcas.dmdc.osd.mil

ospreypublishing.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

oup.com (Global: 485th place; English: 440th place)

blog.oup.com

pbs.org (Global: 198th place; English: 154th place)

pbslearningmedia.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993rd place; English: 920th place)

slavenorth.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503rd place; English: 364th place)

spokesman.com (Global: 2,057th place; English: 1,118th place)

state.gov (Global: 264th place; English: 249th place)

diplomacy.state.gov

teachingamericanhistorymd.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228th place; English: 158th place)

thehorsemenscorral.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155th place; English: 138th place)

perseus.tufts.edu

uchicago.edu (Global: 230th place; English: 214th place)

penelope.uchicago.edu

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115th place; English: 741st place)

americanheritage.com (Global: 2,758^th place; English: 1,739^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

army.mil (Global: 249^th place; English: 169^th place)

bartleby.com (Global: 1,295^th place; English: 1,196^th place)

battlefields.org (Global: 9,632^nd place; English: 5,862^nd place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

census.gov (Global: 45^th place; English: 41^st place)

cornell.edu (Global: 332^nd place; English: 246^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

economist.com (Global: 254^th place; English: 236^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

go.com (Global: 48^th place; English: 39^th place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

history.com (Global: 555^th place; English: 467^th place)

historytoday.com (Global: 2,975^th place; English: 1,986^th place)

hnn.us (Global: 7,733^rd place; English: 5,564^th place)

iastate.edu (Global: 2,548^th place; English: 1,587^th place)

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

jhu.edu (Global: 699^th place; English: 479^th place)

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

ky.gov (Global: 4,208^th place; English: 2,295^th place)

legendsofamerica.com (Global: 6,128^th place; English: 3,995^th place)

loc.gov (Global: 70^th place; English: 63^rd place)

lsu.edu (Global: 3,324^th place; English: 2,257^th place)

maryland.gov (Global: 2,659^th place; English: 1,407^th place)

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

newspaperarchive.com (Global: 1,584^th place; English: 855^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

nps.gov (Global: 135^th place; English: 105^th place)

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

oocities.org (Global: 3,869^th place; English: 3,301^st place)

osd.mil (Global: 4,000^th place; English: 3,127^th place)

oup.com (Global: 485^th place; English: 440^th place)

pbs.org (Global: 198^th place; English: 154^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 993^rd place; English: 920^th place)

smithsonianmag.com (Global: 503^rd place; English: 364^th place)

spokesman.com (Global: 2,057^th place; English: 1,118^th place)

state.gov (Global: 264^th place; English: 249^th place)

theatlantic.com (Global: 228^th place; English: 158^th place)

tufts.edu (Global: 155^th place; English: 138^th place)

uchicago.edu (Global: 230^th place; English: 214^th place)

ucsb.edu (Global: 1,115^th place; English: 741^st place)

umd.edu (Global: 1,747^th place; English: 1,277^th place)

umich.edu (Global: 459^th place; English: 360^th place)

vt.edu (Global: 2,431^st place; English: 1,607^th place)

warfarehistorynetwork.com (Global: low place; English: 6,423^rd place)

wdl.org (Global: 1,424^th place; English: 1,680^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

wikidata.org (Global: 43^rd place; English: 161^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

wsj.com (Global: 79^th place; English: 65^th place)

wsu.edu (Global: 3,088^th place; English: 2,250^th place)

wvculture.org (Global: 9,060^th place; English: 5,074^th place)

yale.edu (Global: 565^th place; English: 460^th place)