References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Amin al-Husseini" in the English version

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Mattar, writing on the uncertainty of al-Husseini's birthdate, notes that he wrote both 1895 and 1896 on official documents between 1921 and 1934, which Mattar suggests was due to both years corresponding to 1313 A.H. in the Islamic calendar. Mattar found no documentary evidence for Husseini's claim, written later in life, that he was born in 1897. (See Mattar 1992, p. 156.) Laurens argues that 1897 was his likely date of birth, suggesting he was induced by circumstances to assert that he was older when giving various dates for his birth, ranging from 1893 to 1897. (See Laurens 2002, p. 624, n.5.) Laurens, in the first volume of his trilogy (Laurens 1999, p. 425), had used Mattar's dating of 1895, but revised this to 1897 as more probable in his second volume. Mattar, Philip (1992). The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-06463-7. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Laurens, Henry (1999). L'invention de la Terre sainte. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-84406-388-5.

"The Hajj Amin's opportunistic wartime residence and propaganda activities in Nazi Germany certainly was not the proudest moment in the history of Palestinian nationalism. And, certainly, opponents of Palestinian nationalism have made good use of those activities to associate the Palestinian national movement with European-style anti-Semitism and the genocidal program of the Nazis. But it should be remembered that the Hajj Amin was not the only non-European nationalist leader to find refuge and succor in Berlin at this time. While in Berlin, the Hajj might have rubbed shoulders with Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a leftist leader of the Indian National Congress of India, who believed that Germany might prove to be an effective ally in the struggle against British imperialism… Or the Hajj Amin might have bumped into Pierre Gemayel, the leader of a Lebanese Christian group called the Phalange, who believed that Nazi Germany represented the wave of the future… Members of the Stern Gang also sought a tactical partnership with Nazi Germany and even opened negotiations with Hitler's government." (Gelvin 2014, pp. 119–120) Gelvin, James L. (13 January 2014). The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. Cambridge University Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 978-1-107-47077-4.

"The grand mufti, Alami has claimed, expressed interest in the Idea of Jewish Palestine as part of a larger Arab federation." (Kotzin 2010, pp. 251–) Kotzin, Daniel P. (2010). Judah L. Magnes: An American Jewish Nonconformist. Syracuse University Press. pp. 251–. ISBN 978-0-8156-5109-3.

Kaufman, Ambiguous Partnership, 287, 306–7. Steven L Spiegel, The Other Arab–Israeli Conflict (Chicago: 1985), 17, 32, quoted in (Finkelstein 2003, p. 25) Finkelstein, Norman G. (17 October 2003). The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering. Verso Books. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-78168-440-5.

Milstein & Sacks 1997, p. 190: "On December 31 (1947), Macatee, the American consul general in Jerusalem, filed a report summing up the events of the month following the UN decision to partition Palestine. ... Terror ruled Palestine, Macatee wrote. That situation certainly would continue until Britain withdrew. The direct cause of terror was partition; other causes were the Arabs patriotic feelings and their hatred of Jews. As an example, Macatee described who the Arabs were shooting at: a Jewish woman, the mother of five children, hanging her laundry on the line; the ambulance that took her to the hospital; and mourners attending her funeral. The roads between the Jewish settlements were blocked, supplies of food were spotty and the Arabs even attacked police vehicles. The Jews were quieter: the Stern Gang (LEHI) struck only at the British and the Hagana at Arabs only in retaliation. ETZEL, which had started such actions, apparently had the Hagana in tow, and if attacks on Jews continued, the Hagana might switch from a policy of protecting lives to aggressive defense. The Jewish Agency, wrote Macatee, was correct to a certain extent in its claim that the British were supporting the Arabs...The Arab's leader, al-Husseini, enjoyed popular support in the Arab states….The arabs of Eretz Israel did not dare to oppose Haj Amin, yet neither did they rally en masse around his flag in the war against the Zionists." Milstein, Uri; Sacks, Alan (1997). History of the War of Independence: The first month. University Press of America. ISBN 978-0-7618-0721-6.

Ghandour 2009, p. 140. Ghandour, Zeina B. (2009). A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13400-963-3.

Peretz 1994, p. 290. Peretz, Don (1994) [First published 1963]. Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949–1993. Continuum Publishing. ISBN 978-0-275-94576-3.

Gelvin 2007, p. 109: "the scion of one [of] the most influential notable families of Jerusalem." Gelvin, James L. (2007) [First published 2005]. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88835-6.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 1. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Elpeleg 2007, pp. 2–3, 6–7. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Kohn 1929, p. 53. Kohn, Hans (1929). A History of Nationalism in the East. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-403-00079-1.

Tschirgi 2004, p. 192:"the leading Palestinian political group that developed during the mandate was very largely dominated by Islamic discourse and led by the Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini. However, it long found its basic support in Muslim-Christian Associations." Tschirgi, Dan (2004). "Palestine 2003: the perils of de facto statehood". In Bahcheli, Tozun; Bartmann, Barry; Srebnik, Henry (eds.). The Quest for Sovereignty. Routledge. pp. 123–138. ISBN 978-1-135-77121-8.

Khalidi 2001, p. 23: "There is an element of amnesiac historiography in the vilification of the mufti, influenced by his subsequent career after 1936. In fact, Husayni served the British exceedingly well for the decade and a half after his appointment, at least until 1936 when he felt obliged to align himself with a growing popular rebellion against his former British masters. One indication of how valuable the British perceived the mufti to be is the willingness of the notoriously tight-fisted Mandatory administration to subsidize him. When the revenues of the public awqaf properties declined after the Great Depression of 1929, and with it the revenues of the Supreme Muslim Council, the latter were supplemented by British subventions starting in 1931, which were naturally kept secret.". Khalidi, Rashid (2001). "The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure". In Eugene L., Rogan; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). The war for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–36. ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3.

Khalidi 2020, pp. 42–43. Khalidi, Rashid (2020). The Hundred Years' War on Palestine. Henry Holt and Company. pp. 42–43. ISBN 978-1-62779-854-9.

Mattar 1992, p. 6; Pappé 1994, p. 2. Mattar, Philip (1992). The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-06463-7. Pappé, Ilan (1994). The Making of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1947–1951. I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-85043-819-9.

Krämer 2008, p. 219. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 467. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Sicker 2000, p. 33 Krämer 2008, p. 219; Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Pappé 2010, pp. 147–148. Pappé, Ilan (2010). The Rise and Fall of a Palestinian Dynasty: The Husaynis, 1700–1948. Translated by Lotan, Yaer. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26839-5.

Matthews 2006, p. 31. Matthews, Weldon C. (2006). Confronting an Empire, Constructing a Nation: Arab Nationalists and Popular Politics in Mandate Palestine. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-845-11173-1.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 3. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Krämer 2008, pp. 152–153:Both local Palestinian Arabs and Jews played almost no role in the conquest of Palestine: the former enlisted after the Arab revolt and were active east of the Jordan, the latter were recruited after the conquest of Jerusalem and saw little military action. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Huneidi 2001, p. 35. Huneidi, Sahar (2001). A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5.

Friedman 2000, pp. 239–240. Friedman, Isaiah (2000). Palestine: A Twice-Promised Land? The British, the Arabs & Zionism, 1915–1920. Vol. 1. New Brunswick and London: Transaction. ISBN 978-1-56000-391-5.

Tauber 1994, pp. 79ff., esp.96ff.. Tauber, Eliezer (1994). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4557-5.

Huneidi 2001, p. 40. The report was never published, the newly appointed High Commissioner Sir Herbert Samuel informing the War Office that it was best forgotten. Huneidi, Sahar (2001). A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5.

Schechtman 1986, pp. 334–337. Schechtman, Joseph B. (1986). The Life and Times of Vladimir Jabotinsky: Rebel and statesman. SP Books. ISBN 978-0-935437-18-8.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 6. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Sicker 2000, pp. 23ff. for a reading which follows closely Meinertzhagen's reading of the events as a British army plot. Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6.

Tauber 1994, p. 102. Tauber, Eliezer (1994). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4557-5.

Huneidi 2001, p. 37 citing the Palin Report, pp. 29–33. Huneidi, Sahar (2001). A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5.

Kimmerling & Migdal 2003, pp. 81–86."Faysal's fall marked an important turning point. From then until 1948, Palestinian politics and loyalties were determined by the idea of an independent Palestine." (p.86) "The platform drawn up in Haifa would change little over the next few decades. It contained the following six elements: the first public recognition of Palestine, as it would be constituted by the mandate, as a distinct political entity for the people living there.. a total rejection of any political or moral right of the Jews over Palestine; a declaration of unity among the Palestinian Arabs to supersede any other loyalties, such as those to religion, region, and clan; a call to the new administration to halt any transfers of Arab or state lands to Jewish control; the demand to close Palestine to further immigration; a call to recognize the Arab executive Committee.. as a legitimate representative of the population before the British authorities (with a status similar to that defined for the Jewish Agency).." (p.86) Kimmerling, Baruch; Migdal, Joel S. (2003). Law Order and Riots in Mandatory Palestine, 1928- 1935. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01129-8.

Tauber 1994, pp. 105–109. Tauber, Eliezer (1994). The Formation of Modern Iraq and Syria. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4557-5.

Ghandour 2009, p. 142. Ghandour, Zeina B. (2009). A Discourse on Domination in Mandate Palestine: Imperialism, Property and Insurgency. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-13400-963-3.

Morris 2011, pp. 111ff. Morris, Benny (2011) [First published 1999]. Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7.

Elpeleg 2007, pp. 7–10. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Kupferschmidt 1987, pp. 19, 78:"Soon after the British began to style Kāmil al-Husaynī as the Grand Muftī (al-muftī al-akbar), a title which had hitherto been unknown in Palestine but which was probably copied from Egypt. This gesture was, in part, meant as a reward for Kāmil's cooperation with the British, but it may have been intended to substitute some kind of a new hierarchy for the former Ottoman one". Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 11:"He demanded that the title Grand Mufti, which had been granted to his brother by the British for cooperating with them, also be given to him, and that his salary be higher than that of the other muftis. Richmond and Storrs supported this claim, arguing that since, from the spiritual and religious points of view, the status of Jerusalem was superior to that of other regions in Palestine, the Mufti of Jerusalem should be considered head of the country's Muslim community. ". Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Khalidi 2001, p. 22: "After their occupation of the country, the British created the entirely new post of 'grand mufti of Palestine' (al-mufti al-akbar), who was also designated the 'mufti of Jerusalem and the Palestine region' (mufti al-Quds wal-diyar al-filistiniyya)." Khalidi, Rashid (2001). "The Palestinians and 1948: the underlying causes of failure". In Eugene L., Rogan; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). The war for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–36. ISBN 978-0-521-79476-3.

Cohen 1989, p. 69. Cohen, Michael J. (1989). The Origins and Evolution of the Arab-Zionist Conflict. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-06598-7.

Sicker 2000, pp. 32f.:Elpeleg 2007, p. 48. Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Matthews 2006, pp. 31–32:"It was not scholarly religious credentials that made Hajj Amin an attractive candidate for president of the SMC in the eyes of colonial officials. Rather, it was the combination of his being an effective nationalist activist and a member of one of Jerusalem's most respected notable families that made it advantageous to align his interests with those of the British administration and thereby keep him on a short tether." Matthews, Weldon C. (2006). Confronting an Empire, Constructing a Nation: Arab Nationalists and Popular Politics in Mandate Palestine. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-845-11173-1.

Matthews 2006, p. 32. Matthews, Weldon C. (2006). Confronting an Empire, Constructing a Nation: Arab Nationalists and Popular Politics in Mandate Palestine. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-845-11173-1.

Reiter 1996, pp. 22–24 for details. Reiter, Yitzhak (1996). Islamic endowments in Jerusalem under British mandate. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-7146-4670-1.

Huneidi 2001, p. 38 This excludes funds for land purchases. The "Jewish Agency", mentioned in article 4 of the Mandate only became the official term in 1928. At the time the organisation was called the Palestine Zionist Executive. Huneidi, Sahar (2001). A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5.

Morris 2011, p. 111. Morris, Benny (2011) [First published 1999]. Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7.

Kupferschmidt 1987, pp. 131–132 for a detailed list of the several sites on the Haram that underwent extensive renovation. Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8.

Monk 2002, p. 61 The name is occasionally given as Kamal Bey, or Kamal al-Din in primary and secondary sources. Monk, Daniel Bertrand (2002). An Aesthetic Occupation: The Immediacy of Architecture and the Palestine Conflict. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2814-8.

Monk 2002, pp. 42–72 for a detailed account of Richmond's role. Richmond authored an important volume on the Haram (Ernest Tatham Richmond, The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem: A description of its structure and decoration, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1924). Monk, Daniel Bertrand (2002). An Aesthetic Occupation: The Immediacy of Architecture and the Palestine Conflict. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2814-8.

Laurens 2002, p. 156.translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Kupferschmidt 1987, pp. 127ff., 130. The mosaic tesserae, however, were manufactured in, and imported from, Turkey. Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8.

Sicker 2000, p. 77. Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6.

Benvenisti 1996, pp. 77f. writes that Rabbi Kook had preached as early as 1920: "The Temple Mount is Israel's holy place, and even should it be under the hand of others for long days and periods of time, it will finally come into our hands..., which could merely mean however that, in rabbinical thought, with the coming of the Messiah, the Temple would automatically revert to the Jews." Benvenisti, Meron (1996). City of Stone: The Hidden History of Jerusalem. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-20768-4.

Yaeger 1996, pp. 196ff.. Yaeger, Patricia (1996). Geography of Identity. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-472-10672-1.

Laurens 2002, p. 154.translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 163. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

The longest accounts for the riots are in Kolinsky 1993, pp. 42–70 and Segev 2001, pp. 309–327. Kolinsky, Martin (1993). Law Order and Riots in Mandatory Palestine, 1928- 1935. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-53995-8. Segev, Tom (2001). One Palestine, Complete: Jews and Arabs Under the British Mandate. Owl Books. ISBN 0-8050-6587-3 – via Internet Archive.

Kupferschmidt 1987, p. 131 gives the 26th: Laurens 2002, p. 155 (translation needed) gives the 17th. Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 158. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 157: Kupferschmidt 1987, p. 131 gives 24 September. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Kupferschmidt, Uri M. (1987). The Supreme Muslim Council: Islam under the British mandate for Palestine. Leiden, New York: E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-07929-8.

Ovendale 2004, p. 71. Ovendale, Ritchie (2004). The Origins of the Arab-Israeli Wars (4th ed.). Pearson Education. ISBN 978-0-582-82320-4.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

Lajnat al-Difa and al-Buraq al-Sharif. See Monk 2002, p. 70. The Muslim name for the contested section of the wall, where Mohammed was said to have tethered his steed Buraq while on his famous visionary flight to heaven. See Krämer 2008, p. 225. Monk, Daniel Bertrand (2002). An Aesthetic Occupation: The Immediacy of Architecture and the Palestine Conflict. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2814-8. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Laurens 2002, pp. 153, 158–161, 162 translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Muslims in the Mughrabi Quarter were to make similar complaints against the racket of Hasidic ritual dancing in the area on the night of the anniversary of Muhammad's birth, 16 August 1929.Laurens 2002, p. 170. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, pp. 163–165. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 632. n.3: "Fixed hours of Jewish worship" was given, instead of "customary hours of Jewish worship". Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Sicker 2000, p. 79:"This was done to ensure a new major influx of non-Zionist American wealth into the country to support the development of a Jewish national home". Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6.

Sicker 2000, pp. 179ff.. Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6.

Laqueur 2003, pp. 168–169. Laqueur, Walter (2003). A History of Zionism (3rd ed.). Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN 978-1-860-64932-5.

Laurens 2002, pp. 168–169. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Krämer 2008, p. 230. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Krämer 2008, p. 230 writes that it was in revenge for the former incident. Krämer, Gudrun (2008). A History of Palestine: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Founding of the State of Israel. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-11897-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 171 asserts that "The matter was sufficiently important.. for this not to be (read as) an attempt to secure an alibi for subsequent events". Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, pp. 168–172. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 173. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 179 translation needed Sicker 2000, p. 46; gives 133 Jewish killed, and 339 wounded, 116 Arabs known to be killed, and 232 known to be wounded, the latter almost entirely due to police actions. The Arab wounded are those registered by the Mandatory authorities. Many preferred to hide their injuries. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Sicker, Martin (2000). Pangs of the Messiah: The Troubled Birth of the Jewish State. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-275-96638-6.

Laurens 2002, p. 199. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 200 citing Samuel 1970, p. 96, which records several long talks of members of Brit Shalom with Snell. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Samuel, Edwin (1970). A Lifetime in Jerusalem: The Memoirs of the Second Viscount Samuel. Abelard-Schuman, Israel University Press. ISBN 978-0-87855-181-1.

Huneidi 2001, p. 36 citing Palin Report p. 184. Huneidi, Sahar (2001). A Broken Trust, Herbert Samuel, Zionism and the Palestinians. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-1-86064-172-5.

Laurens 2002, pp. 175–176. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, pp. 180–181. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Hen-Tov 1974, p. 16. Hen-Tov, Jacob (1974). Communism and Zionism in Palestine: The Comintern and the Political Unrest in the 1920s. Transaction. ISBN 978-0-870-73326-0.

Lachman 1982, pp. 75–76. Lachman, Shai (1982). "Arab Rebellion and Terrorism in Palestine 1929-1939". In Kedourie, Elie; Haim, Sylvie G. (eds.). Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel. Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-714-63169-1.

Achcar 2010b, p. 144. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Laurens 2002, p. 297. translation needed Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Rosen 2005, p. 104. Rosen notes that, by 1934, it had 63 cells (400 youths). Rosen, David M. (2005). Armies of the Young: Child Soldiers in War and Terrorism. Rutgers University. ISBN 978-0-8135-3568-5.

Laurens 2002, pp. 292, 297f. One such discovery, in the port of Haifa, in October 1935, of a shipment of arms from Germany, with the apparent authorization of the Nazi Ministry for Internal Affairs, and destined for the Haganah, led to great agitation and played into the hands of those Arabs who pressed for more radical activities. translation needed. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 376. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

De Felice 1990, pp. 210–211 mentions £138,000 from 10 September 1936 to 15 June 1938. Earlier, in January 1936 Italy had given al-Husseini £12,000 of a promised £25,000. De Felice, Renzo (1990). Mussolini l'alleato: 1. L'Italia in guerra 1940-1945 (in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-59306-3.

De Felice 1990, p. 210. De Felice, Renzo (1990). Mussolini l'alleato: 1. L'Italia in guerra 1940-1945 (in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-59306-3.

Sachar 2006, pp. 199–200. Sachar, Howard Morley (2006) [First published 1976]. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (3rd ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-71132-9.

Sachar 1972, p. 73. Sachar, Howard Morley (1972). Europe leaves the Middle East, 1936–1954. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-46064-2.

Sachar 2006, pp. 200–201. Sachar, Howard Morley (2006) [First published 1976]. A History of Israel: From the Rise of Zionism to Our Time (3rd ed.). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-375-71132-9.

Laurens 2002, p. 373:Levenberg 1993, p. 8. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0. Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948. Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-3439-5.

Hughes 2019, pp. 422–523. Hughes, Matthew (2019). Britain's Pacification of Palestine: The British Army, the Colonial State, and the Arab Revolt, 1936–1939. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-10320-7.

Rose 1989, p. 332. Rose, Norman (1989). Chaim Weitzmann: A Biography. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-012230-5.

Mattar 1992, p. 83. Mattar, Philip (1992). The Mufti of Jerusalem: Al-Hajj Amin al-Husayni and the Palestinian National Movement. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-06463-7.

Fieldhouse 2006, p. 169. Fieldhouse, David Kenneth (2006). Western Imperialism in the Middle east 1914-1958. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928737-6.

Karmi 2004, p. 9 Ghada Karmi recalls that her oldest uncle, who refused to join Husseini's camp, suffered two attempts on his life by an assassin sent by al-Husseini, in Nablus and Beirut. The second attempt succeeded. Karmi, Ghada (2004). In Search of Fatima: A Palestinian Story. Verso. ISBN 978-1-859-84561-5.

Swedenburg 2003, p. 87. Swedenburg, Ted (2003). Memories of revolt: the 1936-1939 rebellion and the Palestinian national past. Fayetteville: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 978-1-55728-763-2.

Laurens 2002, p. 374. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Cohen 2008, p. 171. Cohen, Hillel (2008). Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25989-8.

Morris 2011, p. 159. Morris, Benny (2011) [First published 1999]. Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7.

Khalaf 1991, pp. 72–75. Khalaf, Issa (1991). Politics in Palestine: Arab Factionalism and Social Disintegration, 1939-1948. SUNY. ISBN 978-0-791-40708-0.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 52. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Cohen 2008, pp. 172–174. Cohen, Hillel (2008). Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25989-8.

Laurens 2002, p. 259. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Morris 2008, pp. 20–22. Morris, Benny (2008). 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9.

De Felice 1990, pp. 212–213:"It should be quite clear that this relation (arose) not, as a number of authors have nonetheless argued, because of a presumed affinity of their ideology with that of the Nazis or Fascists, no such thing existed, but by virtue of the wholly political logic (of events) that saw in the enemies (in deed or potentially) of their own enemies their own friends, particularly if the latter have already provided evidence – and this was, precisely, the case with Germany, and all the more so, with Italy – of being interested, in terms of the same political logic, in giving support to their cause".("E questo, sia ben chiaro, non -come pure è stato sostenuto da vari autori – per una presunta affinità della loro ideologia con quelle nazista e fascista, che non-esisteva, ma in forza della logica tutta politica che vede nei nemici (in atto o potenziali) dei propri nemici i propri amici, specie se essi hanno già dato prova – e questo era appunto il caso della Germania ed ancor più dell'Italia – di essere interessati, nella stessa logica politica, a sostenere la loro causa"). De Felice, Renzo (1990). Mussolini l'alleato: 1. L'Italia in guerra 1940-1945 (in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-59306-3.

Laqueur 1970, p. 106. Laqueur, Walter (1970) [First published 1969]. The Israel-Arab Reader: A Documentary History of the Middle East Conflict. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-140-29713-3.

Rubin & Schwanit 2014, p. 7. Rubin, Barry; Schwanit, Wolfgang G. (25 February 2014). Nazis, Islamists, and the Making of the Modern Middle East. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-300-14090-3.

Yahil, Friedman & Galai 1991, p. 676, n.53. Yahil, Leni; Friedman, Ina; Galai, Haya (1991). The Holocaust: The Fate of European Jewry, 1932–1945. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504523-9.

Nicosia 2000, p. 87 Wolff's wife was Jewish, and he was forced to resign in 1936. Hans Döhle replaced him. Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. Transaction. ISBN 978-0-7658-0624-6.

Laurens 2002, p. 250. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Nicosia 2000, pp. 85–86. Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. Transaction. ISBN 978-0-7658-0624-6.

Nicosia 2000, pp. 86–87. Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. Transaction. ISBN 978-0-7658-0624-6.

De Felice 1990, pp. 211–212. De Felice, Renzo (1990). Mussolini l'alleato: 1. L'Italia in guerra 1940-1945 (in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-59306-3.

Nicosia 2000, pp. 105, 185ff. Nicosia, Francis R. (2000). The Third Reich and the Palestine Question. Transaction. ISBN 978-0-7658-0624-6.

Davidson 2001, p. 239. Davidson, Lawrence (2001). America's Palestine: Popular and Official Perceptions from Balfour to Israeli Statehood. University of Florida Press. ISBN 978-0-8130-2421-9.

Tripp 2002, p. 99. Tripp, Charles (2002). A history of Iraq (2nd.(rev.) ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52900-6.

Simon 2004, p. 130: "Soon after his arrival al-Husseini was received in state by the Iraqi politicians who welcomed and feted him and voted him an immediate subvention of ID 18,000 to be folloed by other grants throughout his stay in Iraq: ID 1,000 monthly from hidden funds of the Iraqi secret service, 2 percent of the salary of every Iraqi government official including the military and the police, grants of ID 12,000 between 1939 and mid-1940 for the relief of distress in Palestine, and special sums donated by the Palestine Defense Society, the Red Crescent, and other public donations. He received gifts from Egypt, from King 'Abd al-'Azis Al Sa'ud, payments of some ID 60,000 from the Germans and some ID 40,000 from the Italians, who also promised £20,000 in gold monthly if al-Husseini initiated another Palestine revolt. He was the guest of honor at state functions and, with his 5,000 to 6,000 followers, al-Husseini installed a mini-government in Baghdad where he settled and began to renew contact with old friends and make new ones in the Iraqi army and police force, with lawyers, doctors and teachers. By 1941 his influence was such that he could place Palestinians in the Iraqi bureaucracy, adding more teachers and other professionals to those Palestinians already working in Iraq. It was said that he controlled hirings, firings, and promotions in Iraqi government departments, that he could have passports issued on demand to his followers, and that he could authorize the importation of personal effects into Iraq duty-free. He controlled newspapers and propaganda mechanisms, some mutually with German influence and money, which were not interfered with." Simon, Reeva S. (2004). Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny (2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13215-2.

Tripp 2002, pp. 100–102. Tripp, Charles (2002). A history of Iraq (2nd.(rev.) ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52900-6.

Hirszowicz 1966, pp. 82–83. Hirszowicz, Lukasz (1966). The Third Reich and the Arab East. Routledge & K. Paul. ISBN 978-0-8020-1398-9.

Simon 2004, p. 131. Simon, Reeva S. (2004). Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny (2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13215-2.

Elpeleg 2012, pp. 60–. Elpeleg, Z (12 November 2012). Himelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. Translated by David Harvey. Routledge. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-1-136-29273-6.

Mattar 1984, pp. 280–281; Simon 2004, p. 207, n.16. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733. Simon, Reeva S. (2004). Iraq Between the Two World Wars: The Militarist Origins of Tyranny (2nd ed.). Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-13215-2.

Davis 2005, p. 70. Davis, Erik (2005). Memories of State: Politics, History, and Collective Identity in Modern Iraq. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23546-5.

Lukitz 1995, p. 96. Lukitz, Liora (1995). Iraq: The Search for National Identity. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-64550-6.

Gavish 2010, p. 239. Gavish, Haya (2010). Unwitting Zionists: The Jewish Community of Zakho in Iraqi Kurdistan. Wayne State University Press. ISBN 978-0-814-33366-2.

Tripp 2002, p. 105. Tripp, Charles (2002). A history of Iraq (2nd.(rev.) ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52900-6.

Laurens 2002, pp. 463–464. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Fisk 2006, p. 442. Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.

De Felice 1990, p. 247. De Felice, Renzo (1990). Mussolini l'alleato: 1. L'Italia in guerra 1940-1945 (in Italian). Vol. 1. Torino: Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-59306-3.

Lewis 1999, pp. 150–151. Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31839-5.

Lewis 2002, p. 190. Lewis, Bernard (2002) [First published 1984]. The Jews of Islam. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-4008-1023-9.

Lewis 1999, pp. 151–152. Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31839-5.

Lewis 1999, p. 152. Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31839-5.

Lewis 1999, p. 151.check Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31839-5.

Browning 2007, p. 406 drawing on Yisraeli 1974, p. 310. Browning, Christopher R. (2007). The Origins of the Final Solution: The Evolution of Nazi Jewish Policy, September 1939 – March 1942. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 978-0-8032-5979-9. Yisraeli, David (1974). The Palestine Problem in German Politics 1889-1945. Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University.

Schechtman 1965, pp. 307–308 "Germany has no ambitions in this area but cares only to annihilate the power which produces the Jews". And earlier: "It is clear that the Jews have accomplished nothing in Palestine and their claims are lies. Everything that has been achieved in Palestine is due to the Arabs and not the Jews. I (Hitler) have decided to find a solution to the Jewish problem, approaching it step by step without holding back. In this regard, I am about to make a just and indispensable appeal, firstly to all the European countries and, later, to countries outside of Europe". Also in Laurens 2002, pp. 664–666 n.47 Schechtman, Joseph B. (1965). The Mufti and the Fuehrer: The rise and fall of Haj Amin el-Husseini. T. Yoseloff. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Laurens 2002, p. 468. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Günther & Zankel 2006, p. 7. Günther, Niklas; Zankel, Sönke (2006). Günther, Niklas; Zankel, Sönke (eds.). Abrahams Enkel Juden, Christen, Muslime und die Schoa. Franz Steiner Verlag. ISBN 978-3-515-08979-1.

Gensicke 2011, p. 119. Gensicke, Klaus (2011). The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Nazis: The Berlin Years. Vallentine Mitchell. ISBN 978-0-853-03844-3.

Wien 2016, p. 376. Wien, Peter (2016). "The Holocaust5: Narratives of Complicity and Victimhood". In Meri, Josef (ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Muslim-Jewish Relations. Routledge. pp. 373–386. ISBN 978-1-317-38321-5.

Lebor & Boyes 2000, p. 230. Lebor, Adam; Boyes, Roger (2000). Surviving Hitler. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-85811-1.

Schwanitz 2004, pp. 217–220. Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. (2004). Germany and the Middle East, 1871–1945. Markus Wiener. ISBN 978-1-558-76298-5.

Achcar 2010b, pp. 151–152. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Laurens 2002, p. 469. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Achcar 2010b, p. 157. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Hopwood 1980, p. 69: "During his trial in Jerusalem in 1961, Eichmann denied having known the Mufti well, affirming he had met him only once during an official reception. The evidence for the friendship came from Dieter Wisliceny, one of Eichmann's aides, who months before the Nuremberg trials had begun to prepare an alibi for himself at the expense of Eichmann. Wisliceny went much further and accused the Mufti of being an 'initiator' of the extermination policy. Other evidence of the Mufti's alleged role came from Rudolf Kastner (a Jewish leader in Hungary), who reported that Wisliceny had told him that 'According to my opinion, the Grand Mufti ... played a role in the decision ... to exterminate the European Jews ... I heard say that, accompanied by Eichmann, he has visited incognito the gas chamber at Auschwitz'. These reports coming only from Wisliceny must be questioned until substantiated from other sources." Hopwood, Derek (1980). "Amin al-Husayni". In Bosworth, Clifford Edmund (ed.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition: Supplement, Parts 1-2. Leiden: Brill Archive. pp. 67–70. ISBN 978-9-004-06167-5.

Cesarani 2007, p. 263. Cesarani, David (2007) [First published 2006]. Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a "Desk Murderer". Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81539-3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

Cesarani 2007, pp. 54–57. Cesarani, David (2007) [First published 2006]. Becoming Eichmann: Rethinking the Life, Crimes, and Trial of a "Desk Murderer". Da Capo Press. ISBN 978-0-306-81539-3.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

"It is doubtful whether Eichmann made contact with al-Husseini even in 1942, when the latter resided in Berlin. If this fallen idol makes an occasional appearance in Eichmann's office correspondence it is because Eichmann's superiors at the Foreign Office found the Mufti a very useful sacred cow, always to be invoked when the reception of Jewish refugees in Palestine was under discussion. Dieter Wisliceny even believed that Eichmann regarded al-Husseini as a colleague in a much expanded post-war Final Solution."Reitlinger 1971, pp. 27–28. Reitlinger, Gerald Reitlinger (1971) [First published 1953]. The Final Solution. Sphere Books. ISBN 978-0-87668-951-6.

Pearlman 1963, p. 596. Pearlman, Moshe (1963). The capture and trial of Adolf Eichmann. Weidenfeld and Nicolson.

Landsman 2005, pp. 95–96. Landsman, Stephan (2005). Crimes of the Holocaust: The Law Confronts Hard Cases. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-23847-1.

Landsman 2005, p. 96 writes: "The Mufti materials were highly prejudicial, and the argument constructed from them was deeply troubling. ... Eichmann's and the Mufti's crimes had nothing to do with each other. The prosecution's attempt to link Eichmann symbolically with the Arabs, Israel's bitterest enemy, showed its preoccupation with the contemporary situation of the Jewish state. The success of this effort to prejudice the court is clear in the judges' willingness to entertain the Mufti evidence and to incorporate it into their judgment in a coy passage that identifies shared goals but not a shred of actual joint criminal activity." Landsman, Stephan (2005). Crimes of the Holocaust: The Law Confronts Hard Cases. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-812-23847-1.

Lewis 1999, p. 156. Lewis, Bernard (1999). Semites and Anti-Semites: An Inquiry into Conflict and Prejudice. W.W. Norton & Company. ISBN 978-0-393-31839-5.

Laurens 2002, p. 670, n.190. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Zertal 2005, p. 102. Zertal, Idith (2005). Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85096-4.

Schechtman 1965, pp. 154–155. Schechtman, Joseph B. (1965). The Mufti and the Fuehrer: The rise and fall of Haj Amin el-Husseini. T. Yoseloff.

Achcar 2010b, p. 148. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Achcar 2010b, pp. 145–146. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Lewis 1997, p. 311. Lewis, Bernard (1997) [First published 1995]. The Middle East: A Brief History of the Last 2,000 Years. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-684-83280-7.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 68. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Adams 2009, p. 15. Adams, Jefferson (2009). Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence. Historical Dictionaries of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-810-86320-0.

Mallmann & Cüppers 2010, p. 201. Mallmann, Klaus Michael; Cüppers, Martin (2010). Matthäus, Jürgen; Mallmann, Klaus-Michael (eds.). Nazi Palestine: The Plans for the Extermination of the Jews in Palestine. Enigma Books. ISBN 978-1-936-27418-5.

Bar-Zohar & Haber 2002, pp. 45–66. Bar-Zohar, Michael; Haber, Eitan (2002) [First published 1983]. The Quest for the Red Prince. The Lyons Press. ISBN 978-1-58574-739-9.

Shay 2009, p. 33. Shay, Shaul (2009) [First published 2007]. Islamic Terror and the Balkans. Transaction Publishers/Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya. ISBN 978-1-412-80931-3.

Pearlman 1947, p. 51. Pearlman, Moshe (1947). Mufti of Jerusalem: The Story of Haj Amin el Husseini. V Gollancz.

Stillman 2000, p. 143. Stillman, Norman (2000). "Frenchman, Jews, or Arabs? Jews of the Arab World between European Colonialism, Zionism, and Arab Nationalism". In Hary, Benjamin H.; Hayeseds, John Lewis; Astren, Fred (eds.). Judaism and Islam: Boundaries, Communications, and Interaction: Essays in Honor of William M. Brinner. Brill. pp. 123–138. ISBN 978-90-04-11914-7 – via Internet Archive.

Fisk 2006, p. 439. Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.

Tomasevich 2001, p. 496. Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.

Lepre 1997, pp. 12, 310. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 228, n.28. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 47 named from the word for a Turkish policeman's sword (or fighting knife, handžar, from Turkish hancerTomasevich 2001, p. 497), which had figured as an emblem on the Bosnian coat-of-arms. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6. Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.

Mojzes 2011, p. 78. Mojzes, Paul (2011). Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-442-20665-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 313:"Overall, it is fairest to say that the Yugoslavian insurgency was a racial – national – ideological – religious struggle that was unique in its barbarity and excesses were perpetrated by all of the warring sides against both combatants and the civilian population." Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Mojzes 2011, pp. 97–98: "a scorched-earth practice commenced ... During the operation, we carried out the complete annihilation of the Moslem inhabitants, without regard to their sex and age ... The whole population has been annihilated." Mojzes, Paul (2011). Balkan Genocides: Holocaust and Ethnic Cleansing in the Twentieth Century. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-442-20665-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 31:"The hearts of all Muslims must today go out to our Islamic brothers in Bosnia, who are forced to endure a tragic fate. They are being persecuted by the Serbian and communist bandits, who receive support from England and the Soviet Union.... They are being murdered, their possessions are robbed, and their villages are burned. England and its allies bear a great accountability before history for mishandling and murdering Europe's Muslims, just as they have done in the Arabic lands and in India." Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, pp. 26–28. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 34. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 313. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 33. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 75. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 125. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Tomasevich 2001, p. 497:"the objective was not to synthesize National Socialism and Islam, nor to convert the Bosnian Muslims (who, it said, though racially Germanic, were ideologically part of the Arab world) to National Socialism ... though distinct the two ideologies would act together against their common enemies—Jews, Anglo-Americans, Communists, Freemasons, and the Catholic Church." Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.

Lepre 1997, p. 67:"Husseini and the Germans opted against forming any synopsis between Islam and national socialism. ... The Idea of Family (Familiengedanke) – the strong family sense possessed by the German and Muslim peoples. The Idea of Order (Ordnungsgedanke) – the idea of the New Order in Europe. The Idea of the Fũhrer (Fũhrergedanke) – The idea that a people should be led by one leader. The Idea of Faith (Glaubensgedanke) – That Islam (for Muslims) and national socialism (for Germans) would serve as educational tools to create order, discipline, and loyalty." Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 135. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Tomasevich 2001, p. 499. Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). War and revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941-1945: occupation and collaboration. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3615-2.

Hoare 2014, pp. 194–195. Hoare, Marko Attila (2014). Bosnian Muslims in the Second World War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-32785-0.

Lepre 1997, pp. 247ff.. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 257. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Lepre 1997, p. 303. Lepre, George (1997). Himmler's Bosnian Division; The Waffen-SS Handschar Division 1943-1945. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0134-6.

Mackenzie 2006, pp. 301–301. Mackenzie, S. P. (2006). The Colditz Myth: British and Commonwealth Prisoners of War in Nazi. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-199-20307-9.

Fisk 2006, p. 446. Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.

Shlaim 2000, pp. 156–157 regarding Ben-Gurion's relationship with al-Husseini writes of "(his) old tactic of projecting an image of reasonableness and placing the onus for the deadlock on the shoulders of his Arab opponents. This was the tactic that had served him so well in relation to the grand Mufti, Hajj Amin al-Husseini, and other Arab leaders in the pre-Independence period". Shlaim, Avi (2000). The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-028870-4.

Laurens 2002, p. 549. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Morris 2008, p. 107. Morris, Benny (2008). 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9.

Laurens 2002, pp. 594–595. Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Cohen 2008, p. 236"...Musa al-Alami surmised that the Mufti would agree to partition if he were promised that he would rule the Arab state". Cohen, Hillel (2008). Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25989-8.

Shlaim 2001, p. 30. Shlaim, Avi (2001). "Israel and the Arab Coalition". In Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). The War for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–103. ISBN 978-0-521-69934-1.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 106. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Levenberg 1993, p. 198. Levenberg, Haim (1993). Military Preparations of the Arab Community in Palestine: 1945-1948. Frank Cass. ISBN 978-0-7146-3439-5.

Sayigh 1999, p. 14. Sayigh, Yezid (1999) [First published 1997]. Armed Struggle and the Search for State: The Palestinian National Movement, 1949-1993. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829643-0.

Shlaim 2001, p. 97. Shlaim, Avi (2001). "Israel and the Arab Coalition". In Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). The War for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–103. ISBN 978-0-521-69934-1.

Kassim 1988, p. 294. Kassim, Anis F. (1 June 1988). Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1987-1988. Vol. 4. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 978-90-411-0341-3.

Hall 2008, p. 464. Hall, Michael R (2008). "Husseini, Haj Amin al". In Tucker, Spencer C.; Roberts, Priscilla (eds.). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History. Vol. II. ABC-CLIO. p. 464. ISBN 978-1-85109-841-5.

Gallagher 2007. Gallagher, Nancy Elizabeth (13 May 2007). Quakers in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: The Dilemmas of NGO Humanitarian Activism. American Univ in Cairo Press. ISBN 978-977-416-105-6 – via Google Books.

Shlaim 2001, p. 99. Shlaim, Avi (2001). "Israel and the Arab Coalition". In Rogan, Eugene; Shlaim, Avi (eds.). The War for Palestine: rewriting the history of 1948. Cambridge University Press. pp. 79–103. ISBN 978-0-521-69934-1.

Laurens 2007, pp. 167–169. Laurens, Henry (2007). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-63358-9.

Cohen 2008, p. 257. Cohen, Hillel (2008). Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25989-8.

Cohen 2008, p. 237. Cohen, Hillel (2008). Army of Shadows, Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25989-8.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 48. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 98. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Laurens 2007, p. 308. Laurens, Henry (2007). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-63358-9.

Laurens 2007, p. 694. Laurens, Henry (2007). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 3. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-63358-9.

Morris 2011, p. 57. Morris, Benny (2011) [First published 1999]. Righteous victims: a history of the Zionist-Arab conflict. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-679-74475-7.

Morris 1997, pp. 57ff., 232: "Both before and after 1948, the Yishuv was convinced that the ex-Mufti's hand was behind every anti-Jewish pogrom, murder, and act of sabotage. The Jordanian authorities, always apprehensive of the Palestinians, suspected that the ex-Mufti – and various Arab regimes – were sponsoring terrorism from Jordan against Israel in order to foment trouble between the two and to destabilize the Hashemite rule. ... There were persistent suspicions in Amman and Jerusalem that the Mufti and AHC had organized and were running a permanent anti-Israel, anti-Hashemite underground in the West Bank. But no such organization was discovered between 1949 and 1956. The truth was somewhat more prosaic. The ex-Mufti had managed, through contact-men and supporters in Jordan, to 'subcontract' occasional raids against Israel." Morris, Benny (1997). Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and the Countdown to the Suez War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-829262-3.

Achcar 2010b, p. 162. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Fisk 2006, p. 447. Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.

Achcar 2010b, pp. 162–163. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

Pearlman 1947. Pearlman, Moshe (1947). Mufti of Jerusalem: The Story of Haj Amin el Husseini. V Gollancz.

Schechtman 1965, p. ?. Schechtman, Joseph B. (1965). The Mufti and the Fuehrer: The rise and fall of Haj Amin el-Husseini. T. Yoseloff.

Höpp & Wien 2010, pp. 214–215:"Zionist and Israeli leaders, however, have exploited the Mufti's activities to denigrate the Palestinian resistance against Israeli occupation as in fact Nazi inspired from the beginning and thus as fundamentally anti-Semitic. The latest example for these efforts is Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman's circulating a photograph of a meeting between the Mufti and Adolf Hitler in Berlin in 1941 in order to provide a convincing argument why Israel had the right to expand building activities in East Jerusalem." Höpp, Gerhard; Wien, Peter (2010). "The Suppressed Discourse: Arab Victims of National Socialism". In Liebau, Heike; Bromber, Katrin; Lange, Katharina; Hamzah, Dyala; Ahuja, Ravi (eds.). The World in World Wars: Experiences, Perceptions and Perspectives from Africa and Asia. Brill. pp. 167–216. ISBN 978-9-004-18545-6.

Laurens 2002, pp. 467, 469–470; "In terms of his initial formation, Haj Amin was far from being an antisemite. He had learned French at the Alliance Israélite Universelle institute in Jerusalem and Albert Antébi had been one of his mentors. In the interwar period, he had fought Zionism as a political and religious leader. He was then of the opinion that the aim of Zionism was to expel the Arabs of Palestine and take over the Haram al-Sharif in order to build the Third Temple. Gradually (progressivement) he was persuaded that world Judaism supported Zionists in a secretive manner and exercised a major influence over decision-making in Great Britain and the United States. For some time (during WW2) he was certain (based on real facts) that the Zionists were seeking to assassinate him. … It is evident that he gradually came to identify his battle in Palestine with that of Germany against world Judaism. The reading of all those passages in his memoirs devoted to his European sojourn reveal an assimilation of the content of european antisemitism, with their two great themes of the identification of Judaism with financial capitalism (Anglo-Saxons), and of the legend of the stab in the back (the Jews as responsible for the two world wars). On the other hand, a racist vision of world history is totally absent from his general worldview. … Taken together, his writings after 1945 do not show him as having an attitude of holocaust denial, whilst Arab politicians of the first rank, in the period of Eichmann's trial, had begun to adopt (precisely) this kind of discourse." Laurens, Henry (2002). Une mission sacrée de civilisation. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 2. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-213-60349-0.

Kiely 2008, p. 113. Kiely, Robert S. (2008). "Anti-Semitism". In Tucker, Spencer C. (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 110–114. ISBN 978-1-851-09842-2.

Elpeleg 2007, p. 73. Elpeleg, Zvi (2007) [First published 1993]. Himmelstein, Shmuel (ed.). The Grand Mufti: Haj Amin Al-Hussaini, Founder of the Palestinian National Movement. (trans. David Harvey). Routledge. ISBN 978-0-714-63432-6.

Morris 2008, pp. 21–22, "He was deeply anti-Semitic. He later explained the Holocaust as owing to the Jew's sabotage of the German war effort in World War I and the millennia of Gentile anti-Semitism as due to the Jews' 'chararacter': (quoting al-Husseini) 'One of the most prominent facets of the Jewish character is their exaggerated conceit and selfishness, rooted in their belief that they are the chosen people of God. There is no limit to their covetousness and they prevent others from enjoying the Good. … They have no pity and are known for their hatred, rivalry and hardness, as Allah described them in the Qur'an.' " Morris, Benny (2008). 1948: a history of the first Arab-Israeli war. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9.

Zertal 2005, pp. 102, 175:"the demonization of the Mufti serves to magnify the Arafatian threat", … the "[portrayal of the Mufti as] one of the initiators of the systematic extermination of European Jewry (…) has no (…) historical substantiation". (p.175). Zertal, Idith (2005). Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85096-4.

Fisk 2006, p. 441. Fisk, Robert (2006). The Great War for Civilisation: The Conquest of the Middle East. HarperPerennial. ISBN 978-1-84115-008-6.

Novick 2000, pp. 157–158. Novick, Peter (2000). The Holocaust in American Life. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 978-0-618-08232-2.

Zertal 2005, pp. 102–103. Zertal, Idith (2005). Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-85096-4.

Höpp 2004, pp. 217–221. Höpp, Gerhard (2004). "In the Shadow of the Moon". In Schwanitz, Wolfgang G. (ed.). Germany and the Middle East 1871–1945. Princeton: Markus Wiener. pp. 217–221. ISBN 978-1-558-76298-5.

Achcar 2010b, p. 158. Achcar, Gilbert (2010b). The Arabs and the Holocaust: The Arab-Israeli War of Narratives. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-429-93820-4.

doi.org

"It would be anachronistic to hold the Jewish Agency activists led by Ruffer or the former Zionist rescue workers of Budapest and Bratislava to the standards of historiographical representation that should apply to later versions of the Newman story. These men were not acting as historians but as activists working in a war-torn Europe and in the wake of a catastrophe that had not yet been conceptualized as the Holocaust. Ruffer and Pier teamed with other Jewish Agency operatives who had been dispatched to postwar Europe to coordinate illegal immigration (referred to on the European end as Briha and on the Palestinian end as Aliyah Bet), war-crimes documentation, and in some cases arms smuggling. They loathed Husayni as a Nazi collaborator and viewed his possible return to leadership in Palestine as a threat. They lamented the allied preoccupation with the emerging Cold War that was eclipsing interest in pursuing Nazi criminals. As experienced covert operatives with strong connections to American and European intelligence agencies, they were no doubt aware that Western and Soviet bloc governments as well as governments in the Middle East and Latin America were competing with one another to find and employ former Nazis and Nazi collaborators who could be useful in intelligence gathering, propaganda efforts, and chemical, biological, nuclear, and missile technology; however, they would not likely have known or imagined the full extent of the various programs to recruit war criminals, cleanse their records, and put them to work for their new sponsors. They saw that their only chance of having Husayni arrested and prosecuted lay in making a case that he had played a critical role in the conception, planning, organization, and execution of the extermination policy. They lacked a nation-state to give them a voice in the investigation and prosecution of war criminals and had been frustrated in their attempt to convince war-crimes courts to appoint a Jewish adviser to bring more legal and prosecutorial attention to the Nazi judeocide. Finally, they were also in the midst of an intensive PR effort on behalf of the establishment of a Jewish state in British Mandate Palestine and in opposition to Arab lobbyists like Samir Shammai, who argued that the destruction of European Jewry was committed by European powers and that it was Europe that should make a place for the survivors or grant them a state on its territory, not the Palestinians. For all of these reasons, they prioritized their war-crimes documentation efforts on the hunt for Adolf Eichmann, the manager of the extermination policy, and on the case against Husayni."Sells 2015, pp. 734–735 Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 725. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Nevo 1984, p. 7. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Nevo 1984, p. 8. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Nevo 1984, p. 9 "As a result of these meetings an agreement was initialled whereby the Arabs of Palestine (through their representatives, the members of the AHC), undertook to support Britain and agree to the White Paper on condition that the clause pertaining to the country's independence be put into application forthwith and not after a ten-year period of transition as provided in the original document. Nuri al-Sa'id, with the consent of his government, undertook to place two divisions (about half of the Iraqi army) at the disposal of the Allies outside Iraq (in other words, to take an active part in the fighting against the Axis), if the agreement were implemented." Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Nevo 1984, p. 9. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Nevo 1984, pp. 10–12. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Sells 2015, p. 726. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 738. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Medoff 1996, p. ?. Medoff, Rafael (1996). "The Mufti's Nazi Years Re-examined". Journal of Israeli History. 17 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1080/13531049608576090.

Sells 2015, p. 730. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Medoff 1996, p. 317. Medoff, Rafael (1996). "The Mufti's Nazi Years Re-examined". Journal of Israeli History. 17 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1080/13531049608576090.

Sells 2015, p. 747 n.33. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Radosh & Radosh 2008, pp. 65–75. Radosh, Ronald; Radosh, Allis (Summer 2008). "Righteous among the Editors — when the Left loved Israel". World Affairs. 171: 65–75. doi:10.3200/WAFS.171.1.65-75. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012.

Kamel 2013. Kamel, Lorenzo (2013). "Hajj Amīn al-Ḥusaynī, the "creation" of a leader". Storicamente. 9. doi:10.12977/stor490.

Sells 2015, pp. 725–726. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 743. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 739. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 728. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 736. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

foreignpolicy.com

Browning 2015: "His extraordinary exaggeration of Husseini's complicity, and by implication that of the entire Palestinian people, is a blatant attempt to stigmatize and delegitimize any sympathy or concern for Palestinian rights and statehood. Netanyahu's shameful and indecent speech is a disservice to anyone – Jew and non-Jew – for whom research, teaching, and preservation of the historical truth of the Holocaust has value, meaning, and purpose." Browning, Christopher (22 October 2015). "Bibi's self-serving, Palestinian-blaming version of Nazi history is just plain wrong". Foreign Policy.

jstor.org

Sells 2015, p. 725. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Mattar 1984, p. 272: "terrorism was employed by both sides during the Arab Revolt. Palestinian guerrilla warfare included violence against British officials, Jewish civilians, and members of the Opposition, some of whom were collaborators. The British and Zionist forces, in an attempt to suppress the rebellion, indiscriminately shot and bombed civilians, used suspects as human minesweepers, executed Palestinians for minor offenses, and operated with the Opposition to assassinate rebels. Political assassination, however, was used far more frequently by the supporters of the Mufti against pro-British and Opposition members." Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 270. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 269. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 274: "Between November 1939 and June 1940 thirty-nine Palestinians were condemned to death in secret British trials. The Mufti knew most of the condemned rebels or their families personally. Their families desperately appealed to him to intervene, but all he could do was turn to fellow Muslims and Arabs to intercede with the British. In one such appeal, he wrote an Indian friend that the British were annihilating the 'best element,' whose only crime was 'to defend their country'." Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, pp. 269–270. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 277. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 271. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 276. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Nevo 1984, p. 7. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Nevo 1984, p. 8. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Mattar 1984, pp. 273–274: "pointed out: 'No element in all Iraqi-British relations 1941 was more powerful in poisoning them than Palestine Question', citing Stephen Longrigg." Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 273. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 275. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Nevo 1984, p. 9. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Mattar 1984, p. 274. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Mattar 1984, p. 280. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Nevo 1984, pp. 10–12. Nevo, Joseph (January 1984). "Al-Hajj Amin and the British in World War II". Middle Eastern Studies. 20 (1): 3–16. doi:10.1080/00263208408700568. JSTOR 4282974.

Mattar 1984, p. 281. Mattar, Philip (1984). "Al-Husayni and Iraq's quest for independence, 1939-1941". Arab Studies Quarterly. 6 (4): 267–281. JSTOR 41857733.

Sells 2015, p. 726. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 738. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 730. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Spoerl 2020, p. 214. Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). "Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism". Jewish Political Studies Review. 31 (1/2). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: 210–244. ISSN 0792-335X. JSTOR 26870795.

Mattar 1988, pp. 227–228. Mattar, Philip (1988). "The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine". Middle East Journal. 42 (2): 227–240. JSTOR 4327735.

Mattar 1988, p. 228:"the Zionist biographers, especially Maurice Pearlman and Joseph B. Schechtman, rely on the Western press; they lack even an elementary familiarity with al-Husayni, Islam, the Arabic language, or Palestinian society and its politics." Mattar, Philip (1988). "The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine". Middle East Journal. 42 (2): 227–240. JSTOR 4327735.

Sells 2015, p. 743. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Mattar 1988, pp. 239–240. Mattar, Philip (1988). "The Mufti of Jerusalem and the Politics of Palestine". Middle East Journal. 42 (2): 227–240. JSTOR 4327735.

Sells 2015, p. 739. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 728. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

Sells 2015, p. 736. Sells, Michael A. (2015). "Holocaust Abuse: The Case of Hajj Muhammad Amin al-Husayni". Journal of Religious Ethics. 43 (4): 723–759. doi:10.1111/jore.12119. JSTOR 24586167.

monde-diplomatique.fr

Rouleau 1994. Rouleau, Éric [in French] (August 1994). "Qui était le mufti de Jérusalem ?(Who was the Mufti of Jerusalem?)". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

Rouleau 1994: "C'est surtout dans l'appréciation globale de l'ancien mufti de Jérusalem et de son action que nos deux historiens s'opposent. Médiocre et velléitaire pour le Palestinien, Haj Amin est, pour l'Israélien, un homme 'hors du commun', 'comparable à Haïm Weizmann, David Ben Gourion, ou même à Theodor Herzl'. Ancien gouverneur militaire à Gaza et en Cisjordanie, qui passait autrefois pour un 'faucon', Zvi Elpeleg témoigne de l'évolution des esprits en Israël, où son livre a reçu le meilleur des accueils dans les médias." Rouleau, Éric [in French] (August 1994). "Qui était le mufti de Jérusalem ?(Who was the Mufti of Jerusalem?)". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

timesofisrael.com

Ahren 2015: "Yehuda Bauer, Israel's preeminent Holocaust scholar, is a prominent case in point. 'After the war, they caught him (Wisliceny) and tried him at Nuremberg, where he tried to eschew all responsibility, saying: 'It wasn't Hitler, it wasn't me, it was the mufti', ... It's clear that his account is untrue: the Germans had started annihilating the Jews half a year before Hitler and the mufti met'." Ahren, Raphael (22 October 2015). "In Netanyahu's mufti-Holocaust allegation, echoes of his father's maverick approach to history". The Times of Israel.

The Times of Israel 2015. "Full official record: What the mufti said to Hitler". The Times of Israel. 21 October 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.

wikipedia.org

fr.wikipedia.org

Laurens 1999, p. 409: "Selon Jaussen (Antonin Jaussen?), le nombre d'Arabes palestiniens reclutés dépasse les 500." Laurens, Henry (1999). L'invention de la Terre sainte. La Question de Palestine (in French). Vol. 1. Paris: Fayard. ISBN 978-2-84406-388-5.

Rouleau 1994. Rouleau, Éric [in French] (August 1994). "Qui était le mufti de Jérusalem ?(Who was the Mufti of Jerusalem?)". Le Monde diplomatique. Retrieved 16 September 2011.

Amin al-Husseini (English Wikipedia)

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