Ammonium chloride (English Wikipedia)

"A New Frigorifick Experiment Shewing, How a Considerable Degree of Cold May be Suddenly Produced without the Help of Snow, Ice, Haile, Wind, or Niter, and That at Any Time of the Year". Philosophical Transactions. 1 (15): 255–261. 18 July 1666. doi:10.1098/rstl.1665.0106.
Towler, John (1864). The Silver Sunbeam: A Practical and Theoretical Text-book on Sun Drawing and Photographic Printing. Joseph H. Ladd. pp. 88–90.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
"Geberis philosophi perspicacissimi, summa perfectionis magisterii in sua natur ex bibliothecae Vaticanae exemplari". 1542.

bcin.ca

Home - BCIN Archived 16 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine. Bcin.ca (2017-08-01). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.

books.google.com

Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils (2001). Inorganic Chemistry (illustrated ed.). Academic Press. p. 614. ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9. Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
Bothara, K. G. (2008). Inorganic Pharmaceutical Chemistry. Pragati Books Pvt. Ltd. pp. 13–. ISBN 978-81-85790-05-3. Archived from the original on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 2 November 2016.
The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) or "Jakut" mentioned that ammonium chloride was harvested from "Damindan" (Tamindan), a valley on the volcano Mount Taftan in southwestern Iran. See: von Lippmann, E.O., "Wan and wofür erscheint zuerst die Bezeichnung Ammoniak?" (When and why did the term "ammonia" first appear?) In: Lippmann, Edmund O., ed., Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften (Essays and Lectures on the History of the Sciences), vol. 2, (Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1913), pp. 232–233: Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine " … berichtet er, daß der Höhle Demindân in Persien ein Dampf entströme und sich beim Erkalten als Nuschadir niederschlage, den man von da aus in alle Welt versende." ( … he [i.e., Yaqut] reported that a vapor streams out of the caves at Damindan in Persia and upon cooling precipitates as nushadir [i.e., ammonium chloride], which is conveyed from there throughout the world.) In discussing ancient China's sources of ammonium chloride. Needham et al., p. 439: "The most westerly region of all [of the regions that produce ammonium chloride] lies further to the south, in Persian Baluchistan, where the Damindān (now Tamindan) valley in the Kūh-i-Taftan range, a relatively inactive volcanic massif, produces sal ammoniac [i.e., ammonium chloride] down to this day." Needham, Joseph; Ho Ping-Yü; Lu Gwei-Djen; Sivin, Nathan (1980). Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part IV: Spagyrical discovery and invention: apparatus, theories and gifts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521086905.
The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) or "Jakut" mentioned that ammonium chloride was harvested from "Damindan" (Tamindan), a valley on the volcano Mount Taftan in southwestern Iran. See: von Lippmann, E.O., "Wan and wofür erscheint zuerst die Bezeichnung Ammoniak?" (When and why did the term "ammonia" first appear?) In: Lippmann, Edmund O., ed., Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften (Essays and Lectures on the History of the Sciences), vol. 2, (Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1913), pp. 232–233: Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine " … berichtet er, daß der Höhle Demindân in Persien ein Dampf entströme und sich beim Erkalten als Nuschadir niederschlage, den man von da aus in alle Welt versende." ( … he [i.e., Yaqut] reported that a vapor streams out of the caves at Damindan in Persia and upon cooling precipitates as nushadir [i.e., ammonium chloride], which is conveyed from there throughout the world.) In discussing ancient China's sources of ammonium chloride. Needham et al., p. 439: "The most westerly region of all [of the regions that produce ammonium chloride] lies further to the south, in Persian Baluchistan, where the Damindān (now Tamindan) valley in the Kūh-i-Taftan range, a relatively inactive volcanic massif, produces sal ammoniac [i.e., ammonium chloride] down to this day." Needham, Joseph; Ho Ping-Yü; Lu Gwei-Djen; Sivin, Nathan (1980). Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part IV: Spagyrical discovery and invention: apparatus, theories and gifts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521086905.
This is the dating put forward by Kraus 1942–1943, vol. I, p. lxv. For its acceptance by other scholars, see the references in Delva 2017, p. 38, note 14. Notable critics of Kraus' dating are Sezgin 1971 and Nomanul Haq 1994, pp. 3–47 (cf. Forster 2018). Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Delva, Thijs (2017). "The Abbasid Activist Ḥayyān al-ʿAṭṭār as the Father of Jābir b. Ḥayyān: An Influential Hypothesis Revisited". Journal of Abbasid Studies. 4 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1163/22142371-12340030. Sezgin, Fuat (1971). Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Band IV: Alchimie, Chemie, Botanik, Agrikultur bis ca. 430 H. Leiden: Brill. pp. 132–269. ISBN 9789004020092. Nomanul Haq, Syed (1994). Names, Natures and Things: The Alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān and his Kitāb al-Aḥjār (Book of Stones). Dordrecht: Kluwer. ISBN 9789401118989. Forster, Regula (2018). "Jābir b. Ḥayyān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32665.

cdc.gov

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0029". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

chemister.ru

ammonium chloride Archived 23 July 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Chemister.ru (2007-03-19). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.

cshlp.org

cshprotocols.cshlp.org

ACK Lysis Buffer Archived 11 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine. Cshprotocols.cshlp.org (2014-11-01). Retrieved on 2018-01-23.

doi.org

Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
Kishi, Atsushi (2012). "Ammonium Compounds". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th ed.). Wiley-VCH. pp. 1–6. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_161.pub3 (inactive 24 November 2024).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Zapp, Karl-Heinz (2012) "Ammonium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a02_243
Sanjuan, Juan; Ventura, Yamini; Wenkert, Derek (2012). "Ammonium Chloride as a Nitrogen Source in Asian Agriculture: Effects on Rice and Wheat Production". Journal of Plant Nutrition. 35 (8): 1234–1245. doi:10.1080/01904167.2012.686993 (inactive 24 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
Fageria, N. K. (2007). "Influence of Nitrogen Sources on Soil Acidity Under Common Bean". Scientia Agricola. 64 (5): 583–587. doi:10.1590/S0103-90162007000500011.
White, Philip J. (2001). "Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant: A review". Annals of Botany. 88 (6): 967–988. Bibcode:2001AnBot..88..967W. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1540.
Goulding, Keith W. T. (2000). "Nitrate leaching from arable and horticultural land". Soil Use and Management. 16 (4): 145–151. doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2000.tb00189.x.
Shaviv, Avner; Johnson, Craig M. (1982). "Controlled Release Fertilizers to Increase Efficiency of Nitrogen Use in Agricultural Systems". Fertilizer Research. 3 (1): 263–279. doi:10.1007/BF01063471. PMID 67590.
Jiao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Tan, Dongxu (2019). "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure with Ammonium Chloride Application". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2449. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02528. PMC 6834691. PMID 31736838.
"A New Frigorifick Experiment Shewing, How a Considerable Degree of Cold May be Suddenly Produced without the Help of Snow, Ice, Haile, Wind, or Niter, and That at Any Time of the Year". Philosophical Transactions. 1 (15): 255–261. 18 July 1666. doi:10.1098/rstl.1665.0106.
Robert K. Boeckman, Jr.; Douglas J. Tusch; Kyle F. Biegasiewicz (2015). "(S)-1,1-Diphenylprolinol Trimethylsilyl Ether". Org. Synth. 92: 309–319. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.092.0309.
Pippard, A. B. (May 1956). "XLVIII. Thermodynamic relations applicable near a lambda-transition". Philosophical Magazine. 1 (5): 473–476. Bibcode:1956PMag....1..473P. doi:10.1080/14786435608238127. ISSN 0031-8086.
Denton, E. J.; Gilpin-Brown, J. B.; Shaw, T. I. (1969). "A Buoyancy Mechanism Found in Cranchid Squid". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 174 (1036): 271–279. Bibcode:1969RSPSB.174..271D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1969.0093. JSTOR 75757. S2CID 94534922. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
The term for "ammonium chloride" in Arabic is nūshādir or nūshādur, in Sanskrit, navasadaru or navasara, in Chinese, nao sha, and similarly in Armenian and Syriac. Sutton et al., p. 596. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
This is the dating put forward by Kraus 1942–1943, vol. I, p. lxv. For its acceptance by other scholars, see the references in Delva 2017, p. 38, note 14. Notable critics of Kraus' dating are Sezgin 1971 and Nomanul Haq 1994, pp. 3–47 (cf. Forster 2018). Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Delva, Thijs (2017). "The Abbasid Activist Ḥayyān al-ʿAṭṭār as the Father of Jābir b. Ḥayyān: An Influential Hypothesis Revisited". Journal of Abbasid Studies. 4 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1163/22142371-12340030. Sezgin, Fuat (1971). Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Band IV: Alchimie, Chemie, Botanik, Agrikultur bis ca. 430 H. Leiden: Brill. pp. 132–269. ISBN 9789004020092. Nomanul Haq, Syed (1994). Names, Natures and Things: The Alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān and his Kitāb al-Aḥjār (Book of Stones). Dordrecht: Kluwer. ISBN 9789401118989. Forster, Regula (2018). "Jābir b. Ḥayyān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32665.
Kraus 1942–1943, vol. II, pp. 41–42 (referring to Stapleton 1905; Ruska 1923a; Ruska 1928). See also Stapleton, Azo & Hidayat Husain 1927, pp. 338–340. Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Ruska, Julius (1923a). "Sal ammoniacus, Nušādir und Salmiak". Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. 14 (5). doi:10.11588/diglit.38046. Ruska, Julius (1928). "Der Salmiak in der Geschichte der Alchemie". Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie. 41 (50): 1321–1324. Bibcode:1928AngCh..41.1321R. doi:10.1002/ange.19280415006. Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607.

dx.doi.org

Pippard, A. B. (May 1956). "XLVIII. Thermodynamic relations applicable near a lambda-transition". Philosophical Magazine. 1 (5): 473–476. Bibcode:1956PMag....1..473P. doi:10.1080/14786435608238127. ISSN 0031-8086.

geoscienceworld.org

jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org

Marsh, L. F. and Marsh, R. C. (1975). "New techniques for coating paleontological specimens prior to photography". Journal of Paleontology. 49 (3): 565–566. Archived from the original on 16 April 2016. Retrieved 17 December 2012.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

ghostarchive.org

Laura Kampf (11 June 2017). Shop Tips #1 // Wood Branding without a Branding Iron. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021. Retrieved 23 January 2018 – via YouTube.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Breñosa, A.G; Rodríguez, F; Moreno, M (1993). "Phase transition temperatures and thermal hysteresis in NH₄Cl_1−xBr_x (x≤0.05) crystals determined through charge transfer spectra of Cu²⁺(II) centres". Solid State Communications. 85 (2): 135. Bibcode:1993SSCom..85..135B. doi:10.1016/0038-1098(93)90362-Q.
White, Philip J. (2001). "Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant: A review". Annals of Botany. 88 (6): 967–988. Bibcode:2001AnBot..88..967W. doi:10.1006/anbo.2001.1540.
Pippard, A. B. (May 1956). "XLVIII. Thermodynamic relations applicable near a lambda-transition". Philosophical Magazine. 1 (5): 473–476. Bibcode:1956PMag....1..473P. doi:10.1080/14786435608238127. ISSN 0031-8086.
Denton, E. J.; Gilpin-Brown, J. B.; Shaw, T. I. (1969). "A Buoyancy Mechanism Found in Cranchid Squid". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 174 (1036): 271–279. Bibcode:1969RSPSB.174..271D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1969.0093. JSTOR 75757. S2CID 94534922. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.
The term for "ammonium chloride" in Arabic is nūshādir or nūshādur, in Sanskrit, navasadaru or navasara, in Chinese, nao sha, and similarly in Armenian and Syriac. Sutton et al., p. 596. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
Kraus 1942–1943, vol. II, pp. 41–42 (referring to Stapleton 1905; Ruska 1923a; Ruska 1928). See also Stapleton, Azo & Hidayat Husain 1927, pp. 338–340. Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Ruska, Julius (1923a). "Sal ammoniacus, Nušādir und Salmiak". Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. 14 (5). doi:10.11588/diglit.38046. Ruska, Julius (1928). "Der Salmiak in der Geschichte der Alchemie". Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie. 41 (50): 1321–1324. Bibcode:1928AngCh..41.1321R. doi:10.1002/ange.19280415006. Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607.

jstor.org

Denton, E. J.; Gilpin-Brown, J. B.; Shaw, T. I. (1969). "A Buoyancy Mechanism Found in Cranchid Squid". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 174 (1036): 271–279. Bibcode:1969RSPSB.174..271D. doi:10.1098/rspb.1969.0093. JSTOR 75757. S2CID 94534922. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 27 December 2020.

mikeware.co.uk

Ware, Mike (1994). "Mechanisms of Image Deterioration in Early Photographs" (PDF). Science Museum: 15–18.

n2t.net

Stapleton, H. E. (1905). "Sal-Ammoniac: A Study in Primitive Chemistry". Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. 1 (4): 25--42, i--iii – via Archive.org.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Shaviv, Avner; Johnson, Craig M. (1982). "Controlled Release Fertilizers to Increase Efficiency of Nitrogen Use in Agricultural Systems". Fertilizer Research. 3 (1): 263–279. doi:10.1007/BF01063471. PMID 67590.
Jiao, Wei; Zhou, Wei; Tan, Dongxu (2019). "Effects of Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Microbial Biomass and Community Structure with Ammonium Chloride Application". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10: 2449. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02528. PMC 6834691. PMID 31736838.
The term for "ammonium chloride" in Arabic is nūshādir or nūshādur, in Sanskrit, navasadaru or navasara, in Chinese, nao sha, and similarly in Armenian and Syriac. Sutton et al., p. 596. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.
In De Lapidibus (About Stones), which is attributed to "Pseudo-Aristotle" and which dates from ca. 750–870 A.D., is a brief statement that ammonium chloride was created at the public baths (from the soot of the fires that served to heat the bath waters). Ruska, Julius, Das Steinbuch des Aristoteles mit literargeschichtlichen Untersuchungen nach der arabischen Handschrift der Bibliothèque Nationale [The book of stones of Aristotle with literary-historical investigations into the Arabic manuscript of the Bibliothèque Nationale] (Heidelberg, Germany: Carl Winter, 1912), p. 191. From p. 191 (in Latin): "Et unus lapis est qui vocatur nasciadhor i. liscianada qui fit in balneis." (And there is one stone that is called nasciadhor [i.e., nûshâdur, ammonium chloride] or liscianada that is made [i.e., created] in the baths.) See also: Sutton et al., p. 595. Sutton, M. A; Erisman, J. W; Dentener, F; Möller, D (2008). "Ammonia in the environment: From ancient times to the present". Environmental Pollution. 156 (3): 583–604. Bibcode:2008EPoll.156..583S. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.03.013. PMID 18499318.

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Kraus 1942–1943, vol. II, pp. 41–42 (referring to Stapleton 1905; Ruska 1923a; Ruska 1928). See also Stapleton, Azo & Hidayat Husain 1927, pp. 338–340. Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Ruska, Julius (1923a). "Sal ammoniacus, Nušādir und Salmiak". Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. 14 (5). doi:10.11588/diglit.38046. Ruska, Julius (1928). "Der Salmiak in der Geschichte der Alchemie". Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie. 41 (50): 1321–1324. Bibcode:1928AngCh..41.1321R. doi:10.1002/ange.19280415006. Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607.

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The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) or "Jakut" mentioned that ammonium chloride was harvested from "Damindan" (Tamindan), a valley on the volcano Mount Taftan in southwestern Iran. See: von Lippmann, E.O., "Wan and wofür erscheint zuerst die Bezeichnung Ammoniak?" (When and why did the term "ammonia" first appear?) In: Lippmann, Edmund O., ed., Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften (Essays and Lectures on the History of the Sciences), vol. 2, (Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1913), pp. 232–233: Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine " … berichtet er, daß der Höhle Demindân in Persien ein Dampf entströme und sich beim Erkalten als Nuschadir niederschlage, den man von da aus in alle Welt versende." ( … he [i.e., Yaqut] reported that a vapor streams out of the caves at Damindan in Persia and upon cooling precipitates as nushadir [i.e., ammonium chloride], which is conveyed from there throughout the world.) In discussing ancient China's sources of ammonium chloride. Needham et al., p. 439: "The most westerly region of all [of the regions that produce ammonium chloride] lies further to the south, in Persian Baluchistan, where the Damindān (now Tamindan) valley in the Kūh-i-Taftan range, a relatively inactive volcanic massif, produces sal ammoniac [i.e., ammonium chloride] down to this day." Needham, Joseph; Ho Ping-Yü; Lu Gwei-Djen; Sivin, Nathan (1980). Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part IV: Spagyrical discovery and invention: apparatus, theories and gifts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521086905.
The Arab geographer Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229) or "Jakut" mentioned that ammonium chloride was harvested from "Damindan" (Tamindan), a valley on the volcano Mount Taftan in southwestern Iran. See: von Lippmann, E.O., "Wan and wofür erscheint zuerst die Bezeichnung Ammoniak?" (When and why did the term "ammonia" first appear?) In: Lippmann, Edmund O., ed., Abhandlungen und Vorträge zur Geschichte der Naturwissenschaften (Essays and Lectures on the History of the Sciences), vol. 2, (Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1913), pp. 232–233: Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine " … berichtet er, daß der Höhle Demindân in Persien ein Dampf entströme und sich beim Erkalten als Nuschadir niederschlage, den man von da aus in alle Welt versende." ( … he [i.e., Yaqut] reported that a vapor streams out of the caves at Damindan in Persia and upon cooling precipitates as nushadir [i.e., ammonium chloride], which is conveyed from there throughout the world.) In discussing ancient China's sources of ammonium chloride. Needham et al., p. 439: "The most westerly region of all [of the regions that produce ammonium chloride] lies further to the south, in Persian Baluchistan, where the Damindān (now Tamindan) valley in the Kūh-i-Taftan range, a relatively inactive volcanic massif, produces sal ammoniac [i.e., ammonium chloride] down to this day." Needham, Joseph; Ho Ping-Yü; Lu Gwei-Djen; Sivin, Nathan (1980). Science and Civilization in China. Vol. 5: Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part IV: Spagyrical discovery and invention: apparatus, theories and gifts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521086905.

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Pippard, A. B. (May 1956). "XLVIII. Thermodynamic relations applicable near a lambda-transition". Philosophical Magazine. 1 (5): 473–476. Bibcode:1956PMag....1..473P. doi:10.1080/14786435608238127. ISSN 0031-8086.
This is the dating put forward by Kraus 1942–1943, vol. I, p. lxv. For its acceptance by other scholars, see the references in Delva 2017, p. 38, note 14. Notable critics of Kraus' dating are Sezgin 1971 and Nomanul Haq 1994, pp. 3–47 (cf. Forster 2018). Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Delva, Thijs (2017). "The Abbasid Activist Ḥayyān al-ʿAṭṭār as the Father of Jābir b. Ḥayyān: An Influential Hypothesis Revisited". Journal of Abbasid Studies. 4 (1): 35–61. doi:10.1163/22142371-12340030. Sezgin, Fuat (1971). Geschichte des arabischen Schrifttums, Band IV: Alchimie, Chemie, Botanik, Agrikultur bis ca. 430 H. Leiden: Brill. pp. 132–269. ISBN 9789004020092. Nomanul Haq, Syed (1994). Names, Natures and Things: The Alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān and his Kitāb al-Aḥjār (Book of Stones). Dordrecht: Kluwer. ISBN 9789401118989. Forster, Regula (2018). "Jābir b. Ḥayyān". In Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; Rowson, Everett (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_32665.
Kraus 1942–1943, vol. II, p. 41. Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510.
Kraus 1942–1943, vol. II, pp. 41–42 (referring to Stapleton 1905; Ruska 1923a; Ruska 1928). See also Stapleton, Azo & Hidayat Husain 1927, pp. 338–340. Kraus, Paul (1942–1943). Jâbir ibn Hayyân: Contribution à l'histoire des idées scientifiques dans l'Islam. I. Le corpus des écrits jâbiriens. II. Jâbir et la science grecque. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale. ISBN 978-3-487-09115-0. OCLC 468740510. Ruska, Julius (1923a). "Sal ammoniacus, Nušādir und Salmiak". Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. 14 (5). doi:10.11588/diglit.38046. Ruska, Julius (1928). "Der Salmiak in der Geschichte der Alchemie". Zeitschrift für angewandte Chemie. 41 (50): 1321–1324. Bibcode:1928AngCh..41.1321R. doi:10.1002/ange.19280415006. Stapleton, Henry E.; Azo, R.F.; Hidayat Husain, M. (1927). "Chemistry in Iraq and Persia in the Tenth Century A.D." Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. VIII (6): 317–418. OCLC 706947607.

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