Anesthesia (English Wikipedia)

Birks RJS, ed. (March 2007). Recommendations for Standards of Monitoring During Anaesthesia and Recovery 4th Edition (PDF). Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2014.

aana.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Goode V (February 2015). "Alice Magaw: A Model for Evidence-Based Practice" (PDF). AANA Journal. 83 (1): 50–55. PMID 25842634.

acog.org (Global: low place; English: 9,403^rd place)

"Practice Advisory: FDA Warnings Regarding Use of General Anesthetics and Sedation Drugs in Young Children and Pregnant Women". American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 21 December 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2017.

anaesthetists.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Celebrating 75 years of Anaesthesia: our past, present and future | Association of Anaesthetists". anaesthetists.org. Retrieved 17 October 2022.

anesthetist.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Five facts about AAs". American Academy of Anesthesiologist Assistants. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2010.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Booth M (1996). "The discovery of dreams". Opium: A History. London: Simon & Schuster, Ltd. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-312-20667-3.
Stern LC (1889). Ebers G (ed.). Papyrus Ebers (in German). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). Leipzig: Bei S. Hirzel. OCLC 14785083. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
Fenster JM (2001). "Power Struggle". Ether Day: The Strange Tale of America's Greatest Medical Discovery and the Haunted Men Who Made It. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 106–16. ISBN 978-0-06-019523-6.

asahq.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

asahq.org

"Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring". Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters. Approved by the ASA House of Delegates on 21 October 1986, amended 20 October 2010 with an effective date of 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012.

pubs.asahq.org

Juvin, Phillippe; Desmonts, Jean-Marie (July 2000). "The Ancestors of Inhalational Anesthesia: The Soporific Sponges (XIth–XVIIth Centuries): How a Universally Recommended Medical Technique Was Abruptly Discarded". Anesthesiology. 93 (1): 265–269. doi:10.1097/00000542-200007000-00037. PMID 10861170. S2CID 4867308. Retrieved 15 January 2023.

bjbms.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

D'Souza, Ryan S.; Vogt, Matthew N. P.; Rho, Edwin H. (3 August 2020). "Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 20 (3): 381–388. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4646. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 7416177. PMID 32070267.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Powell MA (1996). "Chapter 9: Wine and the vine in ancient Mesopotamia: the cuneiform evidence". In McGovern PE, Fleming SJ, Katz SH (eds.). The origins and ancient history of wine (Food and nutrition in history and anthropology). Vol. 11 (1 ed.). Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Publishers. pp. 96–124. ISBN 978-90-5699-552-2.
Booth M (1996). "The discovery of dreams". Opium: A History. London: Simon & Schuster, Ltd. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-312-20667-3.
Hademenos GJ, Murphree S, Zahler K, Warner JM (2008). McGraw-Hill's PCAT. McGraw-Hill. p. 39. ISBN 978-0-07-160045-3.

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

"Sir James Young Simpson". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 23 August 2013.

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

Ling, Xue; Li, Jingyu; Zhao, Ge; Weng, Xuehua (May 2026). "Surgical anaesthesia in Ming China: scientific analysis of aconitine residues on medical instruments". Antiquity. doi:10.15184/aqy.2026.10347.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Kungys, Kim, Links, Atherley, Antognini, Gudrun, JongBun, Steven L, Richard J, Joseph F (May 2009). "Propofol Produces Immobility via Action in the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord by a GABAergic Mechanism". Anesthesia and analgesia. 108 (5): 1531–1537. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d9308. PMC 3148181. PMID 3148181. Retrieved 9 October 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gelb AW, Morriss WW, Johnson W, Merry AF, Abayadeera A, Belîi N, et al. (June 2018). "World Health Organization-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 126 (6): 2047–55. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002927. PMID 29734240. S2CID 13688396.
Fitz-Henry J (April 2011). "The ASA classification and peri-operative risk". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 93 (3): 185–87. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2011.93.3.185a. PMC 3348554. PMID 21477427.
Goneppanavar U, Prabhu M (September 2013). "Anaesthesia machine: checklist, hazards, scavenging". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 533–40. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120151. PMC 3821271. PMID 24249887.
Subrahmanyam M, Mohan S (September 2013). "Safety features in anaesthesia machine". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 472–80. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120143. PMC 3821264. PMID 24249880.
Reddy S, Patt RB (November 1994). "The benzodiazepines as adjuvant analgesics". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 9 (8): 510–14. doi:10.1016/0885-3924(94)90112-0. PMID 7531735.
Mallinson, Tom (2 April 2019). "Fascia iliaca compartment block: a short how-to guide". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 11 (4): 154–155. doi:10.12968/jpar.2019.11.4.154. S2CID 145859649.
Weinstein EJ, Levene JL, Cohen MS, Andreae DA, Chao JY, Johnson M, Hall CB, Andreae MH (20 June 2018). "Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6 (2) CD007105. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007105.pub4. PMC 6377212. PMID 29926477.
Lewis, Sharon R; Price, Anastasia; Walker, Kevin J; McGrattan, Ken; Smith, Andrew F (11 September 2015). "Ultrasound guidance for upper and lower limb blocks". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (9) CD006459. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006459.pub3. PMC 6465072. PMID 26361135.
Ullah H, Samad K, Khan FA (February 2014). "Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (2) CD007080. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007080.pub2. PMC 7182311. PMID 24492959.
Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL (September 2012). "Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (9) CD009351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009351.pub2. hdl:1871/48559. PMC 11627147. PMID 22972140.
Radvansky BM, Shah K, Parikh A, Sifonios AN, Le V, Eloy JD (1 October 2015). "Role of ketamine in acute postoperative pain management: a narrative review". BioMed Research International. 2015 749837. doi:10.1155/2015/749837. PMC 4606413. PMID 26495312.
McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Hudcova J (June 2015). "Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (6) CD003348. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003348.pub3. PMC 7387354. PMID 26035341.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, et al. (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3) CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
Guay J, Kopp S (January 2016). "Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (1) CD005059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005059.pub4. PMC 6464571. PMID 26731032.
Lagasse RS (December 2002). "Anesthesia safety: model or myth? A review of the published literature and analysis of current original data". Anesthesiology. 97 (6): 1609–17. doi:10.1097/00000542-200212000-00038. PMID 12459692. S2CID 32903609.
Chaloner EJ, Flora HS, Ham RJ (August 2001). "Amputations at the London Hospital 1852–1857". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94 (8): 409–12. doi:10.1177/014107680109400812. PMC 1281639. PMID 11461989.
Braz LG, Braz DG, Cruz DS, Fernandes LA, Módolo NS, Braz JR (October 2009). "Mortality in anesthesia: a systematic review". Clinics. 64 (10): 999–1006. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322009001000011. PMC 2763076. PMID 19841708.
Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Mickelson C, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Weaver AL, Warner DO (April 2009). "Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort". Anesthesiology. 110 (4): 796–804. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000344728.34332.5d. PMC 2729550. PMID 19293700.
Whitaker Chair DK, Booth H, Clyburn P, Harrop-Griffiths W, Hosie H, Kilvington B, et al. (March 2013). "Immediate post-anaesthesia recovery 2013: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland". Anaesthesia. 68 (3): 288–97. doi:10.1111/anae.12146. PMID 23384257. S2CID 9519895.
D'Souza, Ryan S.; Vogt, Matthew N. P.; Rho, Edwin H. (3 August 2020). "Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 20 (3): 381–388. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4646. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 7416177. PMID 32070267.
Rudolph JL, Marcantonio ER, Culley DJ, Silverstein JH, Rasmussen LS, Crosby GJ, Inouye SK (September 2008). "Delirium is associated with early postoperative cognitive dysfunction". Anaesthesia. 63 (9): 941–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05523.x. PMC 2562627. PMID 18547292.
Deiner S, Silverstein JH (December 2009). "Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 103 (Suppl 1): i41–46. doi:10.1093/bja/aep291. PMC 2791855. PMID 20007989.
Evans TC (1928). "The opium question, with special reference to Persia (book review)". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 21 (4): 339–40. doi:10.1016/S0035-9203(28)90031-0. The earliest known mention of the poppy is in the language of the Sumerians, a non-Semitic people who descended from the uplands of Central Asia into Southern Mesopotamia ...
Pahor AL (August 1992). "Ear, nose and throat in ancient Egypt". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 106 (8): 677–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100120560. PMID 1402355. S2CID 35712860.
Sullivan R (August 1996). "The identity and work of the ancient Egyptian surgeon". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (8): 467–73. doi:10.1177/014107689608900813. PMC 1295891. PMID 8795503.
Ling, Xue; Li, Jingyu; Zhao, Ge; Weng, Xuehua (May 2026). "Surgical anaesthesia in Ming China: scientific analysis of aconitine residues on medical instruments". Antiquity. doi:10.15184/aqy.2026.10347.
Ruetsch YA, Böni T, Borgeat A (August 2001). "From cocaine to ropivacaine: the history of local anesthetic drugs". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 1 (3): 175–82. doi:10.2174/1568026013395335. PMID 11895133.
Bier A (1899). "Versuche über cocainisirung des rückenmarkes" [Experiments on the cocainization of the spinal cord]. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie (in German). 51 (3–4): 361–69. doi:10.1007/BF02792160. S2CID 41966814.
Brill S, Gurman GM, Fisher A (September 2003). "A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 20 (9): 682–89. doi:10.1017/S026502150300111X. PMID 12974588. S2CID 46735940.
Juvin, Phillippe; Desmonts, Jean-Marie (July 2000). "The Ancestors of Inhalational Anesthesia: The Soporific Sponges (XIth–XVIIth Centuries): How a Universally Recommended Medical Technique Was Abruptly Discarded". Anesthesiology. 93 (1): 265–269. doi:10.1097/00000542-200007000-00037. PMID 10861170. S2CID 4867308. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
Izuo, Masaru (November 2004). "Medical history: Seishu hanaoka and his success in breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia two hundred years ago". Breast Cancer. 11 (4): 319–324. doi:10.1007/BF02968037. PMID 15604985. S2CID 43428862.
Ogata, Tomio (November 1973). "Seishu Hanaoka and his anaesthesiology and surgery". Anaesthesia. 28 (6): 645–652. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1973.tb00549.x. PMID 4586362. S2CID 31352880.
Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. JSTOR 132115.
Long, C. W. (December 1991). "An Account of the First Use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anæsthetic in Surgical Operations". Survey of Anesthesiology. 35 (6): 375. doi:10.1097/00132586-199112000-00049.
Baillie TW (December 1965). "The first European trial of anaesthetic ether: the Dumfries claim". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 37 (12): 952–57. doi:10.1093/bja/37.12.952. PMID 5323141.
Defalque, R. J.; Wright, A. J. (April 2004). "The short, tragic life of Robert M. Glover". Anaesthesia. 59 (4): 394–400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03671.x. PMID 15023112. S2CID 46428403.
Cope DK (March 1993). "James Tayloe Gwathmey: seeds of a developing specialty". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 76 (3): 642–47. doi:10.1213/00000539-199303000-00035. PMID 8452281. S2CID 7574462.
Abenstein JP, Long KH, McGlinch BP, Dietz NM (March 2004). "Is physician anesthesia cost-effective?". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (3): 750–57, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000100945.56081.AC. PMID 14980932. S2CID 7907307.
Rosenbach ML, Cromwell J (May 1989). "When do anesthesiologists delegate?". Medical Care. 27 (5): 453–65. doi:10.1097/00005650-198905000-00002. PMID 2725080. S2CID 26298329.

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

Gelb AW, Morriss WW, Johnson W, Merry AF, Abayadeera A, Belîi N, et al. (June 2018). "World Health Organization-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 126 (6): 2047–55. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002927. PMID 29734240. S2CID 13688396.

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women". Food and Drug Administration. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2017.

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

"Queen Victoria uses chloroform in childbirth, 1853". Financial Times. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

"Queen Victoria uses chloroform in childbirth, 1853". Financial Times. 28 November 2017. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022.

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL (September 2012). "Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (9) CD009351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009351.pub2. hdl:1871/48559. PMC 11627147. PMID 22972140.

ifna-int.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

McAuliffe MS, Henry B (2010). "Nurse anesthesia worldwide: practice, education and regulation" (PDF). Downloads. Silver Spring, Maryland: International Federation of Nurse Anesthetists. Retrieved 13 June 2012.

indiankanoon.org (Global: 5,387^th place; English: 2,903^rd place)

Shinde, S. S. "Girish Vasant Kolhe, C.No. 7382 ... vs The State Of Mah on 13 July, 2015". Indian Kanoon. Indian Kanoon. Retrieved 11 October 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Toby, Ronald P. (1977). "Reopening the Question of Sakoku: Diplomacy in the Legitimation of the Tokugawa Bakufu". Journal of Japanese Studies. 3 (2): 323–363. doi:10.2307/132115. JSTOR 132115.

lww.com (Global: 2,576^th place; English: 2,635^th place)

journals.lww.com

Long, C. W. (December 1991). "An Account of the First Use of Sulphuric Ether by Inhalation as an Anæsthetic in Surgical Operations". Survey of Anesthesiology. 35 (6): 375. doi:10.1097/00132586-199112000-00049.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Weir, Erica (10 July 2001). "Drug-facilitated date rape". Canadian Medical Association Hournal. 165 (1): 80. PMID 11468961. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
Kungys, Kim, Links, Atherley, Antognini, Gudrun, JongBun, Steven L, Richard J, Joseph F (May 2009). "Propofol Produces Immobility via Action in the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord by a GABAergic Mechanism". Anesthesia and analgesia. 108 (5): 1531–1537. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d9308. PMC 3148181. PMID 3148181. Retrieved 9 October 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Gelb AW, Morriss WW, Johnson W, Merry AF, Abayadeera A, Belîi N, et al. (June 2018). "World Health Organization-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 126 (6): 2047–55. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002927. PMID 29734240. S2CID 13688396.
Fitz-Henry J (April 2011). "The ASA classification and peri-operative risk". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 93 (3): 185–87. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2011.93.3.185a. PMC 3348554. PMID 21477427.
Goneppanavar U, Prabhu M (September 2013). "Anaesthesia machine: checklist, hazards, scavenging". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 533–40. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120151. PMC 3821271. PMID 24249887.
Subrahmanyam M, Mohan S (September 2013). "Safety features in anaesthesia machine". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 472–80. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120143. PMC 3821264. PMID 24249880.
Reddy S, Patt RB (November 1994). "The benzodiazepines as adjuvant analgesics". Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 9 (8): 510–14. doi:10.1016/0885-3924(94)90112-0. PMID 7531735.
Weinstein EJ, Levene JL, Cohen MS, Andreae DA, Chao JY, Johnson M, Hall CB, Andreae MH (20 June 2018). "Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6 (2) CD007105. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007105.pub4. PMC 6377212. PMID 29926477.
Lewis, Sharon R; Price, Anastasia; Walker, Kevin J; McGrattan, Ken; Smith, Andrew F (11 September 2015). "Ultrasound guidance for upper and lower limb blocks". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (9) CD006459. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006459.pub3. PMC 6465072. PMID 26361135.
Ullah H, Samad K, Khan FA (February 2014). "Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (2) CD007080. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007080.pub2. PMC 7182311. PMID 24492959.
Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL (September 2012). "Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (9) CD009351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009351.pub2. hdl:1871/48559. PMC 11627147. PMID 22972140.
Radvansky BM, Shah K, Parikh A, Sifonios AN, Le V, Eloy JD (1 October 2015). "Role of ketamine in acute postoperative pain management: a narrative review". BioMed Research International. 2015 749837. doi:10.1155/2015/749837. PMC 4606413. PMID 26495312.
McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Hudcova J (June 2015). "Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (6) CD003348. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003348.pub3. PMC 7387354. PMID 26035341.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, et al. (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3) CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
Guay J, Kopp S (January 2016). "Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (1) CD005059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005059.pub4. PMC 6464571. PMID 26731032.
Lagasse RS (December 2002). "Anesthesia safety: model or myth? A review of the published literature and analysis of current original data". Anesthesiology. 97 (6): 1609–17. doi:10.1097/00000542-200212000-00038. PMID 12459692. S2CID 32903609.
Chaloner EJ, Flora HS, Ham RJ (August 2001). "Amputations at the London Hospital 1852–1857". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94 (8): 409–12. doi:10.1177/014107680109400812. PMC 1281639. PMID 11461989.
Braz LG, Braz DG, Cruz DS, Fernandes LA, Módolo NS, Braz JR (October 2009). "Mortality in anesthesia: a systematic review". Clinics. 64 (10): 999–1006. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322009001000011. PMC 2763076. PMID 19841708.
Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Mickelson C, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Weaver AL, Warner DO (April 2009). "Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort". Anesthesiology. 110 (4): 796–804. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000344728.34332.5d. PMC 2729550. PMID 19293700.
Whitaker Chair DK, Booth H, Clyburn P, Harrop-Griffiths W, Hosie H, Kilvington B, et al. (March 2013). "Immediate post-anaesthesia recovery 2013: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland". Anaesthesia. 68 (3): 288–97. doi:10.1111/anae.12146. PMID 23384257. S2CID 9519895.
D'Souza, Ryan S.; Vogt, Matthew N. P.; Rho, Edwin H. (3 August 2020). "Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 20 (3): 381–388. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4646. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 7416177. PMID 32070267.
Rudolph JL, Marcantonio ER, Culley DJ, Silverstein JH, Rasmussen LS, Crosby GJ, Inouye SK (September 2008). "Delirium is associated with early postoperative cognitive dysfunction". Anaesthesia. 63 (9): 941–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05523.x. PMC 2562627. PMID 18547292.
Deiner S, Silverstein JH (December 2009). "Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 103 (Suppl 1): i41–46. doi:10.1093/bja/aep291. PMC 2791855. PMID 20007989.
Pahor AL (August 1992). "Ear, nose and throat in ancient Egypt". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 106 (8): 677–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100120560. PMID 1402355. S2CID 35712860.
Sullivan R (August 1996). "The identity and work of the ancient Egyptian surgeon". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (8): 467–73. doi:10.1177/014107689608900813. PMC 1295891. PMID 8795503.
Ruetsch YA, Böni T, Borgeat A (August 2001). "From cocaine to ropivacaine: the history of local anesthetic drugs". Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry. 1 (3): 175–82. doi:10.2174/1568026013395335. PMID 11895133.
Brill S, Gurman GM, Fisher A (September 2003). "A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 20 (9): 682–89. doi:10.1017/S026502150300111X. PMID 12974588. S2CID 46735940.
Juvin, Phillippe; Desmonts, Jean-Marie (July 2000). "The Ancestors of Inhalational Anesthesia: The Soporific Sponges (XIth–XVIIth Centuries): How a Universally Recommended Medical Technique Was Abruptly Discarded". Anesthesiology. 93 (1): 265–269. doi:10.1097/00000542-200007000-00037. PMID 10861170. S2CID 4867308. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
Izuo, Masaru (November 2004). "Medical history: Seishu hanaoka and his success in breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia two hundred years ago". Breast Cancer. 11 (4): 319–324. doi:10.1007/BF02968037. PMID 15604985. S2CID 43428862.
Ogata, Tomio (November 1973). "Seishu Hanaoka and his anaesthesiology and surgery". Anaesthesia. 28 (6): 645–652. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1973.tb00549.x. PMID 4586362. S2CID 31352880.
Abhyankar, Rima S.; Jessop, Katherine M. (2022). "From Craft to Profession: The Development of Modern Anesthesiology: Part II". Missouri Medicine. 119 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0026-6620. PMC 9312459. PMID 36033144.
Baillie TW (December 1965). "The first European trial of anaesthetic ether: the Dumfries claim". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 37 (12): 952–57. doi:10.1093/bja/37.12.952. PMID 5323141.
Defalque, R. J.; Wright, A. J. (April 2004). "The short, tragic life of Robert M. Glover". Anaesthesia. 59 (4): 394–400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03671.x. PMID 15023112. S2CID 46428403.
Worlin, P. M. (1998). "Duncan and Flockhart: the Story of Two Men and a Pharmacy". Pharmaceutical Historian. 28 (2): 28–33. PMID 11620310.
Wawersik J (1 January 1997). "[History of chloroform anesthesia]". Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation. 22 (6): 144–52. PMID 9487785.
Hill, N. E.; Horn, D. B. (2025). "Anesthesia Machine". StatPearls. PMID 34283426.
Goode V (February 2015). "Alice Magaw: A Model for Evidence-Based Practice" (PDF). AANA Journal. 83 (1): 50–55. PMID 25842634.
Cope DK (March 1993). "James Tayloe Gwathmey: seeds of a developing specialty". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 76 (3): 642–47. doi:10.1213/00000539-199303000-00035. PMID 8452281. S2CID 7574462.
Abenstein JP, Long KH, McGlinch BP, Dietz NM (March 2004). "Is physician anesthesia cost-effective?". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (3): 750–57, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000100945.56081.AC. PMID 14980932. S2CID 7907307.
Rosenbach ML, Cromwell J (May 1989). "When do anesthesiologists delegate?". Medical Care. 27 (5): 453–65. doi:10.1097/00005650-198905000-00002. PMID 2725080. S2CID 26298329.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Kungys, Kim, Links, Atherley, Antognini, Gudrun, JongBun, Steven L, Richard J, Joseph F (May 2009). "Propofol Produces Immobility via Action in the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord by a GABAergic Mechanism". Anesthesia and analgesia. 108 (5): 1531–1537. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d9308. PMC 3148181. PMID 3148181. Retrieved 9 October 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Fitz-Henry J (April 2011). "The ASA classification and peri-operative risk". Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 93 (3): 185–87. doi:10.1308/rcsann.2011.93.3.185a. PMC 3348554. PMID 21477427.
Goneppanavar U, Prabhu M (September 2013). "Anaesthesia machine: checklist, hazards, scavenging". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 533–40. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120151. PMC 3821271. PMID 24249887.
Subrahmanyam M, Mohan S (September 2013). "Safety features in anaesthesia machine". Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 57 (5): 472–80. doi:10.4103/0019-5049.120143. PMC 3821264. PMID 24249880.
Weinstein EJ, Levene JL, Cohen MS, Andreae DA, Chao JY, Johnson M, Hall CB, Andreae MH (20 June 2018). "Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 6 (2) CD007105. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007105.pub4. PMC 6377212. PMID 29926477.
Lewis, Sharon R; Price, Anastasia; Walker, Kevin J; McGrattan, Ken; Smith, Andrew F (11 September 2015). "Ultrasound guidance for upper and lower limb blocks". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015 (9) CD006459. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006459.pub3. PMC 6465072. PMID 26361135.
Ullah H, Samad K, Khan FA (February 2014). "Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2014 (2) CD007080. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007080.pub2. PMC 7182311. PMID 24492959.
Klomp T, van Poppel M, Jones L, Lazet J, Di Nisio M, Lagro-Janssen AL (September 2012). "Inhaled analgesia for pain management in labour". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 12 (9) CD009351. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009351.pub2. hdl:1871/48559. PMC 11627147. PMID 22972140.
Radvansky BM, Shah K, Parikh A, Sifonios AN, Le V, Eloy JD (1 October 2015). "Role of ketamine in acute postoperative pain management: a narrative review". BioMed Research International. 2015 749837. doi:10.1155/2015/749837. PMC 4606413. PMID 26495312.
McNicol ED, Ferguson MC, Hudcova J (June 2015). "Patient controlled opioid analgesia versus non-patient controlled opioid analgesia for postoperative pain". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2020 (6) CD003348. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003348.pub3. PMC 7387354. PMID 26035341.
Jones L, Othman M, Dowswell T, Alfirevic Z, Gates S, Newburn M, et al. (March 2012). "Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3 (3) CD009234. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2. PMC 7132546. PMID 22419342.
Guay J, Kopp S (January 2016). "Epidural pain relief versus systemic opioid-based pain relief for abdominal aortic surgery". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2017 (1) CD005059. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005059.pub4. PMC 6464571. PMID 26731032.
Chaloner EJ, Flora HS, Ham RJ (August 2001). "Amputations at the London Hospital 1852–1857". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 94 (8): 409–12. doi:10.1177/014107680109400812. PMC 1281639. PMID 11461989.
Braz LG, Braz DG, Cruz DS, Fernandes LA, Módolo NS, Braz JR (October 2009). "Mortality in anesthesia: a systematic review". Clinics. 64 (10): 999–1006. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322009001000011. PMC 2763076. PMID 19841708.
Wilder RT, Flick RP, Sprung J, Katusic SK, Barbaresi WJ, Mickelson C, Gleich SJ, Schroeder DR, Weaver AL, Warner DO (April 2009). "Early exposure to anesthesia and learning disabilities in a population-based birth cohort". Anesthesiology. 110 (4): 796–804. doi:10.1097/01.anes.0000344728.34332.5d. PMC 2729550. PMID 19293700.
D'Souza, Ryan S.; Vogt, Matthew N. P.; Rho, Edwin H. (3 August 2020). "Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 20 (3): 381–388. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4646. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 7416177. PMID 32070267.
Rudolph JL, Marcantonio ER, Culley DJ, Silverstein JH, Rasmussen LS, Crosby GJ, Inouye SK (September 2008). "Delirium is associated with early postoperative cognitive dysfunction". Anaesthesia. 63 (9): 941–47. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2008.05523.x. PMC 2562627. PMID 18547292.
Deiner S, Silverstein JH (December 2009). "Postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 103 (Suppl 1): i41–46. doi:10.1093/bja/aep291. PMC 2791855. PMID 20007989.
Sullivan R (August 1996). "The identity and work of the ancient Egyptian surgeon". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 89 (8): 467–73. doi:10.1177/014107689608900813. PMC 1295891. PMID 8795503.
Abhyankar, Rima S.; Jessop, Katherine M. (2022). "From Craft to Profession: The Development of Modern Anesthesiology: Part II". Missouri Medicine. 119 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0026-6620. PMC 9312459. PMID 36033144.
Zorab J (June 1992). "On Narcotism by the Inhalation of Vapours by John Snow MD". Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 85 (6): 371. PMC 1293529.
Hill, N. E.; Horn, D. B. (2025). "Anesthesia Machine". StatPearls. PMID 34283426.

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Weir, Erica (10 July 2001). "Drug-facilitated date rape". Canadian Medical Association Hournal. 165 (1): 80. PMID 11468961. Retrieved 9 October 2026.
Kungys, Kim, Links, Atherley, Antognini, Gudrun, JongBun, Steven L, Richard J, Joseph F (May 2009). "Propofol Produces Immobility via Action in the Ventral Horn of the Spinal Cord by a GABAergic Mechanism". Anesthesia and analgesia. 108 (5): 1531–1537. doi:10.1213/ane.0b013e31819d9308. PMC 3148181. PMID 3148181. Retrieved 9 October 2026.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Abhyankar, Rima S.; Jessop, Katherine M. (2022). "From Craft to Profession: The Development of Modern Anesthesiology: Part II". Missouri Medicine. 119 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0026-6620. PMC 9312459. PMID 36033144.

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

"anaesthesia". Oxford English Dictionary (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

"How brain 'reboots' itself to consciousness after anesthesia". ScienceDaily. 14 June 2014.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Gelb AW, Morriss WW, Johnson W, Merry AF, Abayadeera A, Belîi N, et al. (June 2018). "World Health Organization-World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) International Standards for a Safe Practice of Anesthesia". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 126 (6): 2047–55. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000002927. PMID 29734240. S2CID 13688396.
Mallinson, Tom (2 April 2019). "Fascia iliaca compartment block: a short how-to guide". Journal of Paramedic Practice. 11 (4): 154–155. doi:10.12968/jpar.2019.11.4.154. S2CID 145859649.
Lagasse RS (December 2002). "Anesthesia safety: model or myth? A review of the published literature and analysis of current original data". Anesthesiology. 97 (6): 1609–17. doi:10.1097/00000542-200212000-00038. PMID 12459692. S2CID 32903609.
Whitaker Chair DK, Booth H, Clyburn P, Harrop-Griffiths W, Hosie H, Kilvington B, et al. (March 2013). "Immediate post-anaesthesia recovery 2013: Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland". Anaesthesia. 68 (3): 288–97. doi:10.1111/anae.12146. PMID 23384257. S2CID 9519895.
Pahor AL (August 1992). "Ear, nose and throat in ancient Egypt". The Journal of Laryngology and Otology. 106 (8): 677–87. doi:10.1017/S0022215100120560. PMID 1402355. S2CID 35712860.
Bier A (1899). "Versuche über cocainisirung des rückenmarkes" [Experiments on the cocainization of the spinal cord]. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie (in German). 51 (3–4): 361–69. doi:10.1007/BF02792160. S2CID 41966814.
Brill S, Gurman GM, Fisher A (September 2003). "A history of neuraxial administration of local analgesics and opioids". European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 20 (9): 682–89. doi:10.1017/S026502150300111X. PMID 12974588. S2CID 46735940.
Juvin, Phillippe; Desmonts, Jean-Marie (July 2000). "The Ancestors of Inhalational Anesthesia: The Soporific Sponges (XIth–XVIIth Centuries): How a Universally Recommended Medical Technique Was Abruptly Discarded". Anesthesiology. 93 (1): 265–269. doi:10.1097/00000542-200007000-00037. PMID 10861170. S2CID 4867308. Retrieved 15 January 2023.
Izuo, Masaru (November 2004). "Medical history: Seishu hanaoka and his success in breast cancer surgery under general anesthesia two hundred years ago". Breast Cancer. 11 (4): 319–324. doi:10.1007/BF02968037. PMID 15604985. S2CID 43428862.
Ogata, Tomio (November 1973). "Seishu Hanaoka and his anaesthesiology and surgery". Anaesthesia. 28 (6): 645–652. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1973.tb00549.x. PMID 4586362. S2CID 31352880.
Defalque, R. J.; Wright, A. J. (April 2004). "The short, tragic life of Robert M. Glover". Anaesthesia. 59 (4): 394–400. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03671.x. PMID 15023112. S2CID 46428403.
Cope DK (March 1993). "James Tayloe Gwathmey: seeds of a developing specialty". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 76 (3): 642–47. doi:10.1213/00000539-199303000-00035. PMID 8452281. S2CID 7574462.
Abenstein JP, Long KH, McGlinch BP, Dietz NM (March 2004). "Is physician anesthesia cost-effective?". Anesthesia and Analgesia. 98 (3): 750–57, table of contents. doi:10.1213/01.ANE.0000100945.56081.AC. PMID 14980932. S2CID 7907307.
Rosenbach ML, Cromwell J (May 1989). "When do anesthesiologists delegate?". Medical Care. 27 (5): 453–65. doi:10.1097/00005650-198905000-00002. PMID 2725080. S2CID 26298329.

smh.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lederer, P (2025). "A Brief History of Anesthesiology". Sarasota Hospital - Sarasota Memorial Health Care System. Retrieved 22 September 2026.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"Standards for Basic Anesthetic Monitoring". Committee of Origin: Standards and Practice Parameters. Approved by the ASA House of Delegates on 21 October 1986, amended 20 October 2010 with an effective date of 1 July 2011. Archived from the original on 7 January 2012.
Birks RJS, ed. (March 2007). Recommendations for Standards of Monitoring During Anaesthesia and Recovery 4th Edition (PDF). Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 May 2015. Retrieved 21 February 2014.
"FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA review results in new warnings about using general anesthetics and sedation drugs in young children and pregnant women". Food and Drug Administration. 14 December 2016. Archived from the original on 17 December 2016. Retrieved 3 January 2017.
"Five facts about AAs". American Academy of Anesthesiologist Assistants. Archived from the original on 26 September 2006. Retrieved 25 November 2010.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

D'Souza, Ryan S.; Vogt, Matthew N. P.; Rho, Edwin H. (3 August 2020). "Post-operative functional neurological symptom disorder after anesthesia". Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences. 20 (3): 381–388. doi:10.17305/bjbms.2020.4646. ISSN 1840-4812. PMC 7416177. PMID 32070267.
Stern LC (1889). Ebers G (ed.). Papyrus Ebers (in German). Vol. 2 (1 ed.). Leipzig: Bei S. Hirzel. OCLC 14785083. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
Abhyankar, Rima S.; Jessop, Katherine M. (2022). "From Craft to Profession: The Development of Modern Anesthesiology: Part II". Missouri Medicine. 119 (1): 14–20. ISSN 0026-6620. PMC 9312459. PMID 36033144.

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)

Bier A (1899). "Versuche über cocainisirung des rückenmarkes" [Experiments on the cocainization of the spinal cord]. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Chirurgie (in German). 51 (3–4): 361–69. doi:10.1007/BF02792160. S2CID 41966814.

Anesthesia (English Wikipedia)

aagbi.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

aana.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

acog.org (Global: low place; English: 9,403rd place)

anaesthetists.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

anesthetist.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

asahq.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

asahq.org

pubs.asahq.org

bjbms.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209th place; English: 151st place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477th place; English: 863rd place)

fda.gov (Global: 470th place; English: 329th place)

ft.com (Global: 193rd place; English: 127th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64th place; English: 28th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)

ifna-int.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

indiankanoon.org (Global: 5,387th place; English: 2,903rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

lww.com (Global: 2,576th place; English: 2,635th place)

journals.lww.com

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

oed.com (Global: 743rd place; English: 419th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390th place; English: 1,286th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15th place; English: 8th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

smh.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

zenodo.org (Global: 737th place; English: 426th place)

acog.org (Global: low place; English: 9,403^rd place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

britannica.com (Global: 37^th place; English: 64^th place)

cambridge.org (Global: 209^th place; English: 151^st place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

escholarship.org (Global: 1,477^th place; English: 863^rd place)

fda.gov (Global: 470^th place; English: 329^th place)

ft.com (Global: 193^rd place; English: 127^th place)

ghostarchive.org (Global: 64^th place; English: 28^th place)

hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

indiankanoon.org (Global: 5,387^th place; English: 2,903^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

lww.com (Global: 2,576^th place; English: 2,635^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

oed.com (Global: 743^rd place; English: 419^th place)

sciencedaily.com (Global: 1,390^th place; English: 1,286^th place)

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

zenodo.org (Global: 737^th place; English: 426^th place)