Brown, Nikki; Stentiford, Barry M. (2008). The Jim Crow Encyclopedia (1st ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 345. ISBN9780313341816. Retrieved April 9, 2016.
One Story of the 109th Illinois Volunteer Infantry Regiment. By George E. Parks. Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. Vol. 56, No. 2, Civil War Centennial (Summer, 1963), pp. 282-297 (16 pages). Published By: University of Illinois Press. Accessed 9 Jun 2022.