This is according to Salvador Miranda.The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church Other sources consulted do not mention his promotion to the cardinalate. He is not listed among the cardinals of the 11th century in the modern printed prosopographies of the cardinals of that period (R. Hüls, Kardinäle, Klerus und Kirchen Roms: 1049–1130, Tübingen 1977; H.W. Klewitz, Reformpapsttum und Kardinalkolleg, Darmstadt 1957; K. Ganzer, Die entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelater, Tübingen 1963)