Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Antisemitism in Ukraine" in English language version.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)RSHA von einer begrüßenswerten Aktivitat der ukrainischen Bevolkerung in den ersten Stunden nach dem Abzug der Sowjettruppen.
There was no able leader to command them, however. Mladanovitch endeavored to negotiate terms of peace with the Cossacks. The latter promised that they would not touch the Poles, while they assured the Jews that their attack was directed only against the Poles. Gonta and Zhelyeznyak with their Haidamacks entered the city and began a most terrible slaughter. Heeding neither age nor sex, they killed the Jews in the streets, threw them from the roofs of tall buildings, speared them, and rode them down with their horses. When the streets were so filled with corpses that it was difficult to pass, Gonta ordered them collected into heaps and thrown outside the city gates to the dogs and pigs. Three thousand Jews fled to the synagogue and made a stand there. Armed with knives, a number of them attacked the Cossacks. Gonta blew in the door of the synagogue with a cannon; the Haidamacks rushed into the building and showed no mercy. Having finished with the Jews, the Haidamacks turned on the Poles. When Mladanovitch in chains reproached Gonta for his treachery, the latter answered, "You treacherously sold the Jews to me, and I by perjury sold you to the devil." It is estimated that about twenty thousand Jews and Poles were killed in Uman alone. Throughout the district the Jews were hunted from place to place. Many succumbed to hunger and thirst; many were drowned in the Dniester; and those who reached Bendery were seized by the Tatars and sold into slavery. Smaller Haidamack bands massacred the Jews in other places. Hundreds were killed in Tetiub, Golta, Balta, Tulchin, Paulovich, Rashkov, Lizyanka, Fastov, Zhivotov, and Granov. The determined efforts of the Jews of Brody in behalf of their brethren, and the lawlessness of Gonta, led to an energetic campaign against him. Soon after the Uman massacre Gonta and Zhelyeznyak were taken by the order of the Russian general Krechetnikov and handed over to the Polish government. Gonta was executed in a most cruel manner. His skin was torn off in strips, and a red-hot iron crown placed on his head. The remaining Haidamack bands were captured and destroyed by the Polish commander Stempkovski.
(JTA) – It might seem perplexing to observers in the United States and beyond that Jews would embrace Ukrainian nationalism, which some of its opponents – including Putin – say is tinged with antisemitism. "There was definitely a Jewish memory of anti-Jewish pogroms conducted by Ukrainians," said Sergiy Petukhov, Ukraine's former deputy minister of European Integration whose mother and grandfather live in Israel. Also a native of Donetsk, Petukhov describes himself as a Ukrainian with Jewish ancestry, "like our current president," he said, referring to Volodymyr Zelensky. Ukraine's history of antisemitism goes far beyond pogroms. In their efforts to exterminate Jews, the Nazis were significantly aided by Ukrainians during World War II, according to several historians. More recently, some of the initial paramilitary fighters against the Russian-backed takeover in Ukraine's east, such as the Azov Battalion, were extremists and ultranationalists who displayed Nazi symbols. (...) "I know it's hard for Jews abroad to understand, but these actions were intended to be anti-Russian, not anti-Jewish," Petukov said. "And when it comes to those supporting Ukrainian sovereignty and culture, this is really a tiny element." Now part of the national guard, the battalion of 900 to 1,500 members publicly claims to eschew all Nazi ideology. Batozsky said he worked closely with the Azov Battalion during the 2014–15 conflict behind the scenes as a political consultant in Donetsk. It is this work, and his outspoken defense of Ukrainian efforts to defeat the separatists, that he says put him on the Russian hit list – and also that makes him confident that Russian charges of neo-Nazis in Ukraine are inaccurate. "They were soccer hooligans and wanted attention, so yeah, I was shocked when I saw guys with swastika tattoos," he said about the Azov members who he got to know. "But I talked with them all the time about being Jewish and they had nothing negative to say. They had no anti-Jewish ideology." He insists that the image of Ukraine as a hotbed of antisemitism is absurd. "I don't practice Judaism, but still everyone knows I am Jewish – I have such a Jewish face! And I never experienced antisemitism from Ukrainians," he insisted. "The military guys I am working with now really don't care that I am a Jew."