Antivenom (English Wikipedia)

Dart RC (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 250–251. ISBN 9780781728454. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
Gad SC (2007). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 692. ISBN 9780470117101. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.

doi.org

Knudsen C, Laustsen AH (April 2018). "Recent Advances in Next Generation Snakebite Antivenoms". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 3 (2): 42. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020042. PMC 6073149. PMID 30274438.
Whyte I (2012). "Antivenom update" (PDF). Australian Prescriber. 35 (5): 152–155. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2012.069.
Isbister GK (December 2002). "Failure of intramuscular antivenom in Red-back spider envenoming". Emergency Medicine. 14 (4): 436–439. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00356.x. PMID 12534488.
Bhoite RR, Bhoite GR, Bagdure DN, Bawaskar HS (2015). "Anaphylaxis to scorpion antivenin and its management following envenomation by Indian red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 19 (9): 547–549. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.164807. PMC 4578200. PMID 26430342.
"Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 16 (49): 1113–1114. December 1890. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1207589. ISSN 0012-0472. S2CID 80469638.
Bochner R (8 June 2016). "Paths to the discovery of antivenom serotherapy in France". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 22 (20): 20. doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0074-7. PMC 4898362. PMID 27279829.
Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.
Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.
De Franco M, Kalil J (July 2014). "The Butantan Institute: history and future perspectives". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (7): e2862. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002862. PMC 4080994. PMID 24992341.
Jean-Philippe C, Alfredo C, Leslie B, Alejandro A (December 2020). "Factors involved in the resilience of incidence and decrease of mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico". Toxicon. 188: 65–75. Bibcode:2020Txcn..188...65C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.011. PMID 33065199. S2CID 223558071.
Rojas G, Jiménez JM, Gutiérrez JM (March 1994). "Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: description of a simple procedure for antivenom production". Toxicon. 32 (3): 351–363. Bibcode:1994Txcn...32..351R. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6. PMID 8016856.
Boyer L, Degan J, Ruha AM, Mallie J, Mangin E, Alagón A (December 2013). "Safety of intravenous equine F(ab')2: insights following clinical trials involving 1534 recipients of scorpion antivenom". Toxicon. 76: 386–393. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.017. PMID 23916602.
Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK (June 2005). "Low dose of snake antivenom is as effective as high dose in patients with severe neurotoxic snake envenoming". Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (6): 397–399. doi:10.1136/emj.2004.020727. PMC 1726801. PMID 15911942.
Theakston RD, Warrell DA, Griffiths E (April 2003). "Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms". Toxicon. 41 (5): 541–57. Bibcode:2003Txcn...41..541T. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00393-8. PMID 12676433.
Wilcox C (2024-02-21). "Powerful new antivenom raises hopes for a universal solution to lethal snakebites". doi:10.1126/science.zqvsmhr. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
Khalek IS, Senji Laxme RR, Kim Nguyen YT, Khochare S, Patel RN, Woehl J, et al. (2024). "Synthetic development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against snake venom long-chain α-neurotoxins". Science Translational Medicine. 16 (735). doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1867. PMID 38381847. eadk1867.
"Appendix: Antivenom Tables". Clinical Toxicology. 41 (3): 317–327. 2003. doi:10.1081/CLT-120021117. S2CID 218867125.
Calvete JJ, Arias AS, Rodríguez Y, Quesada-Bernat S, Sánchez LV, Chippaux JP, et al. (September 2016). "Preclinical evaluation of three polyspecific antivenoms against the venom of Echis ocellatus: Neutralization of toxic activities and antivenomics". Toxicon. 119. Elsevier: 280–288. Bibcode:2016Txcn..119..280C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.022. PMID 27377229.
Weinstein SA (September 2015). "Snake venoms: A brief treatise on etymology, origins of terminology, and definitions". Toxicon. 103. Elsevier: 188–195. Bibcode:2015Txcn..103..188W. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.07.005. PMID 26166305.

dx.doi.org

"Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 16 (49): 1113–1114. December 1890. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1207589. ISSN 0012-0472. S2CID 80469638.

economist.com

"How to simplify the treatment of snake bites". The Economist. 2021-01-02. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-01-02.

emedicine.com

See, for example, the Antivenom Precautions paragraph of the Medication section of Forster J (2006-03-14). "Snake Envenomations, Sea". eMedicine Emergency Medicine (environmental). Archived from the original on 26 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-25.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

World Health Organization (2009). Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR (eds.). WHO Model Formulary 2008. World Health Organization. pp. 396–397. hdl:10665/44053. ISBN 9789241547659.
World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771. WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO.
Levine L, Broderick EJ (1970). "The plasmapheresis of hyperimmunized horses". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 42 (6): 998–1000. hdl:10665/262354. PMC 2427561. PMID 5312259.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Jean-Philippe C, Alfredo C, Leslie B, Alejandro A (December 2020). "Factors involved in the resilience of incidence and decrease of mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico". Toxicon. 188: 65–75. Bibcode:2020Txcn..188...65C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.011. PMID 33065199. S2CID 223558071.
Rojas G, Jiménez JM, Gutiérrez JM (March 1994). "Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: description of a simple procedure for antivenom production". Toxicon. 32 (3): 351–363. Bibcode:1994Txcn...32..351R. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6. PMID 8016856.
Theakston RD, Warrell DA, Griffiths E (April 2003). "Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms". Toxicon. 41 (5): 541–57. Bibcode:2003Txcn...41..541T. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00393-8. PMID 12676433.
Calvete JJ, Arias AS, Rodríguez Y, Quesada-Bernat S, Sánchez LV, Chippaux JP, et al. (September 2016). "Preclinical evaluation of three polyspecific antivenoms against the venom of Echis ocellatus: Neutralization of toxic activities and antivenomics". Toxicon. 119. Elsevier: 280–288. Bibcode:2016Txcn..119..280C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.022. PMID 27377229.
Weinstein SA (September 2015). "Snake venoms: A brief treatise on etymology, origins of terminology, and definitions". Toxicon. 103. Elsevier: 188–195. Bibcode:2015Txcn..103..188W. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.07.005. PMID 26166305.

insa.nic.in

Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.
Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.

kjzz.org

"Horses Key To Making Antivenom Up For FDA Approval". Fronteras. 2011-08-02. Retrieved 2023-05-24.

merriam-webster.com

"Antivenin". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Knudsen C, Laustsen AH (April 2018). "Recent Advances in Next Generation Snakebite Antivenoms". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 3 (2): 42. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020042. PMC 6073149. PMID 30274438.
Isbister GK (December 2002). "Failure of intramuscular antivenom in Red-back spider envenoming". Emergency Medicine. 14 (4): 436–439. doi:10.1046/j.1442-2026.2002.00356.x. PMID 12534488.
Bhoite RR, Bhoite GR, Bagdure DN, Bawaskar HS (2015). "Anaphylaxis to scorpion antivenin and its management following envenomation by Indian red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 19 (9): 547–549. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.164807. PMC 4578200. PMID 26430342.
Bochner R (8 June 2016). "Paths to the discovery of antivenom serotherapy in France". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 22 (20): 20. doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0074-7. PMC 4898362. PMID 27279829.
De Franco M, Kalil J (July 2014). "The Butantan Institute: history and future perspectives". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (7): e2862. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002862. PMC 4080994. PMID 24992341.
Jean-Philippe C, Alfredo C, Leslie B, Alejandro A (December 2020). "Factors involved in the resilience of incidence and decrease of mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico". Toxicon. 188: 65–75. Bibcode:2020Txcn..188...65C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.011. PMID 33065199. S2CID 223558071.
Rojas G, Jiménez JM, Gutiérrez JM (March 1994). "Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: description of a simple procedure for antivenom production". Toxicon. 32 (3): 351–363. Bibcode:1994Txcn...32..351R. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6. PMID 8016856.
Boyer L, Degan J, Ruha AM, Mallie J, Mangin E, Alagón A (December 2013). "Safety of intravenous equine F(ab')2: insights following clinical trials involving 1534 recipients of scorpion antivenom". Toxicon. 76: 386–393. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.07.017. PMID 23916602.
Levine L, Broderick EJ (1970). "The plasmapheresis of hyperimmunized horses". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 42 (6): 998–1000. hdl:10665/262354. PMC 2427561. PMID 5312259.
Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK (June 2005). "Low dose of snake antivenom is as effective as high dose in patients with severe neurotoxic snake envenoming". Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (6): 397–399. doi:10.1136/emj.2004.020727. PMC 1726801. PMID 15911942.
Theakston RD, Warrell DA, Griffiths E (April 2003). "Report of a WHO workshop on the standardization and control of antivenoms". Toxicon. 41 (5): 541–57. Bibcode:2003Txcn...41..541T. doi:10.1016/S0041-0101(02)00393-8. PMID 12676433.
Khalek IS, Senji Laxme RR, Kim Nguyen YT, Khochare S, Patel RN, Woehl J, et al. (2024). "Synthetic development of a broadly neutralizing antibody against snake venom long-chain α-neurotoxins". Science Translational Medicine. 16 (735). doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adk1867. PMID 38381847. eadk1867.
Calvete JJ, Arias AS, Rodríguez Y, Quesada-Bernat S, Sánchez LV, Chippaux JP, et al. (September 2016). "Preclinical evaluation of three polyspecific antivenoms against the venom of Echis ocellatus: Neutralization of toxic activities and antivenomics". Toxicon. 119. Elsevier: 280–288. Bibcode:2016Txcn..119..280C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.06.022. PMID 27377229.
Weinstein SA (September 2015). "Snake venoms: A brief treatise on etymology, origins of terminology, and definitions". Toxicon. 103. Elsevier: 188–195. Bibcode:2015Txcn..103..188W. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.07.005. PMID 26166305.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Knudsen C, Laustsen AH (April 2018). "Recent Advances in Next Generation Snakebite Antivenoms". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 3 (2): 42. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3020042. PMC 6073149. PMID 30274438.
Bhoite RR, Bhoite GR, Bagdure DN, Bawaskar HS (2015). "Anaphylaxis to scorpion antivenin and its management following envenomation by Indian red scorpion, Mesobuthus tamulus". Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 19 (9): 547–549. doi:10.4103/0972-5229.164807. PMC 4578200. PMID 26430342.
Bochner R (8 June 2016). "Paths to the discovery of antivenom serotherapy in France". Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 22 (20): 20. doi:10.1186/s40409-016-0074-7. PMC 4898362. PMID 27279829.
De Franco M, Kalil J (July 2014). "The Butantan Institute: history and future perspectives". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (7): e2862. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0002862. PMC 4080994. PMID 24992341.
Levine L, Broderick EJ (1970). "The plasmapheresis of hyperimmunized horses". Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 42 (6): 998–1000. hdl:10665/262354. PMC 2427561. PMID 5312259.
Agarwal R, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D, Behera D, Jindal SK (June 2005). "Low dose of snake antivenom is as effective as high dose in patients with severe neurotoxic snake envenoming". Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (6): 397–399. doi:10.1136/emj.2004.020727. PMC 1726801. PMID 15911942.

toxnet.nlm.nih.gov

"North American Micrurus (Coral Snake Venoms)". Toxnet: Toxicology Data Network. September 15, 2015. Retrieved October 31, 2019.

npr.org

Franklin, Deborah, "Potential Treatment For Snakebites Leads To A Paralyzing Test Shortages of coral snake antivenom were previously reported,[24][25][26] but one source states that production has resumed[27] and, as of July 2021, Pfizer indicates that antivenom is available.[28] Archived 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine", NPR.org, July 31, 2013.

nps.org.au

Whyte I (2012). "Antivenom update" (PDF). Australian Prescriber. 35 (5): 152–155. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2012.069.

pfizerhospitalus.com

"Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius equine origin) North American Coral Snake Antivenin". Pfizer Hospital US. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.

pharmaceutical-technology.com

"Antivenom Supply for Snake bites". www.pharmaceutical-technology.com. 24 April 2019.

poisoncentertampa.org

"Coral Snake & Antivenom FAQ's". Florida Poison Information Center - Tampa. May 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved October 31, 2019.

powerhousemuseum.com

"CSL antivenoms 1956". Power House Museum. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2017.

savagelabs.com

"CroFab Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine)". SavageLabs.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-08. Link to PDF for full prescribing information, retrieved 11/11/12

science.org

Wilcox C (2024-02-21). "Powerful new antivenom raises hopes for a universal solution to lethal snakebites". doi:10.1126/science.zqvsmhr. Retrieved 2024-10-16.

sciencedaily.com

"Universal antidote for snakebite: Experimental trial represents promising step Archived 2014-07-07 at the Wayback Machine", California Academy of Sciences via Science Daily, May 28, 2014.

scientificamerican.com

"Opossum Compounds Isolated to Help Make Antivenom". Scientific American. 2015-03-30. Retrieved 2020-02-01.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

"Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 16 (49): 1113–1114. December 1890. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1207589. ISSN 0012-0472. S2CID 80469638.
Jean-Philippe C, Alfredo C, Leslie B, Alejandro A (December 2020). "Factors involved in the resilience of incidence and decrease of mortality from scorpion stings in Mexico". Toxicon. 188: 65–75. Bibcode:2020Txcn..188...65C. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.10.011. PMID 33065199. S2CID 223558071.
"Appendix: Antivenom Tables". Clinical Toxicology. 41 (3): 317–327. 2003. doi:10.1081/CLT-120021117. S2CID 218867125.

si.edu

"Serum Antivenimeux Desseche, 10cc - Dried Antivenin Serum for Snake Bites". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
"Antivenin Nearctic Crotalidae - North American Anti-Snake-Bite Serum". Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2023-05-24.

smithsonianmag.com

Lewis D (11 September 2015). "Why a Single Vial of Antivenom Can Cost $14,000". Smithsonian. Retrieved 9 January 2017.

web.archive.org

Dart RC (2004). Medical Toxicology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 250–251. ISBN 9780781728454. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
Gad SC (2007). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. John Wiley & Sons. p. 692. ISBN 9780470117101. Archived from the original on 2017-01-09.
"CroFab Crotalidae Polyvalent Immune Fab (Ovine)". SavageLabs.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-02-08. Link to PDF for full prescribing information, retrieved 11/11/12
"Antivenin (Micrurus fulvius equine origin) North American Coral Snake Antivenin". Pfizer Hospital US. Archived from the original on 1 March 2021. Retrieved 9 July 2021.
"Coral Snake & Antivenom FAQ's". Florida Poison Information Center - Tampa. May 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved October 31, 2019.
Franklin, Deborah, "Potential Treatment For Snakebites Leads To A Paralyzing Test Shortages of coral snake antivenom were previously reported,[24][25][26] but one source states that production has resumed[27] and, as of July 2021, Pfizer indicates that antivenom is available.[28] Archived 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine", NPR.org, July 31, 2013.
"Universal antidote for snakebite: Experimental trial represents promising step Archived 2014-07-07 at the Wayback Machine", California Academy of Sciences via Science Daily, May 28, 2014.
See, for example, the Antivenom Precautions paragraph of the Medication section of Forster J (2006-03-14). "Snake Envenomations, Sea". eMedicine Emergency Medicine (environmental). Archived from the original on 26 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-25.
"CSL antivenoms 1956". Power House Museum. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2017.

wellcomecollection.org

"Venoms, venomous animals and antivenomous serum-therapeutics / by A. Calmette ; translated by Ernest E. Austen". Wellcome Collection. Retrieved 2023-05-24.

who.int

"Guidelines for the production, control and regulation of snake antivenom immunoglobulins" (PDF). WHO Technical Series No, 1004. WHO. 2017. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
Snake Antivenom for Sub – Sharan Africa EchiTAbG (PDF), World Health Organization, 20 June 2019, retrieved 14 December 2019

wired.com

Molteni M. "Bacteria Are Brewing Up the Next Generation of Antivenoms". Wired – via www.wired.com.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

"How to simplify the treatment of snake bites". The Economist. 2021-01-02. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2021-01-02.
"Ueber das Zustandekommen der Diphtherie-Immunität und der Tetanus-Immunität bei Thieren". Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift. 16 (49): 1113–1114. December 1890. doi:10.1055/s-0029-1207589. ISSN 0012-0472. S2CID 80469638.
Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.
Bhaumik R (2018-11-01). "Colonial Encounter on Indian Snakes and their Venoms: The Transmission and Transformation of Western Ophiological Knowledge in British India, 1780s-1910s" (PDF). Indian Journal of History of Science. 53 (4). doi:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i4/49536. ISSN 0019-5235.