Apgar score (English Wikipedia)

Rabin, Roni Caryn. "Why Does a Routine Test of Newborns Reward 'Pink' Skin? The Apgar test grades infants in five areas, including skin tone. Babies of color score lower, and may be subjected to unnecessary treatment.", The New York Times, July 15, 2024. Accessed July 16, 2024. "Dr. Grünebaum led a study that analyzed the Apgar scores of more than nine million American babies born between 2016 and 2019. Overall, he found, only 2.6% of newborns got a perfect score, but the odds for a black baby to do so were less than half those of a white infant: 3.3% of white babies scored a perfect 10, compared with 1.4% of black newborns, the study found.... But critics of the Apgar score's reliance on skin color fear that it is resulting in extra medical treatment being heaped on babies of color who are healthy, potentially sending them to intensive care unnecessarily."

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Calmes, Selma H. (May 2015). "Dr. Virginia Apgar and the Apgar Score: How the Apgar Score Came to Be". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 120 (5): 1060–1064. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000659. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 25899273. S2CID 41296774.
Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus And; Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric (2015-10-01). "The Apgar Score". Pediatrics. 136 (4): 819–822. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2651. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 26416932. S2CID 31689176.
Feldman-Winter, Lori; Goldsmith, Jay P.; Newborn, Committee on Fetus And; Syndrome, Task Force on Sudden Infant Death (2016-09-01). "Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns". Pediatrics. 138 (3): e20161889. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1889. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 27550975. S2CID 19866683.

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Apgar V (1953). "A proposal for a new method of evaluation of the newborn infant" (PDF). Current Researches in Anesthesia & Analgesia. 32 (4): 260–7. doi:10.1213/00000539-195301000-00041. PMID 13083014. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 2, 2013.

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Calmes, Selma H. (May 2015). "Dr. Virginia Apgar and the Apgar Score: How the Apgar Score Came to Be". Anesthesia & Analgesia. 120 (5): 1060–1064. doi:10.1213/ANE.0000000000000659. ISSN 0003-2999. PMID 25899273. S2CID 41296774.
Newborn, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Fetus And; Practice, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Committee on Obstetric (2015-10-01). "The Apgar Score". Pediatrics. 136 (4): 819–822. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-2651. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 26416932. S2CID 31689176.
Pediatrics, American Academy of (2014-05-01). "Neonatal Encephalopathy and Neurologic Outcome, Second EditionReport of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Task Force on Neonatal Encephalopathy". Pediatrics. 133 (5): e1482 – e1488. doi:10.1542/peds.2014-0724. ISSN 0031-4005.
Ayrapetyan, Marina; Talekar, Kiran; Schwabenbauer, Kathleen; Carola, David; Solarin, Kolawole; McElwee, Dorothy; Adeniyi-Jones, Susan; Greenspan, Jay; Aghai, Zubair H. (April 2019). "Apgar Scores at 10 Minutes and Outcomes in Term and Late Preterm Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in the Cooling Era". American Journal of Perinatology. 36 (5): 545–554. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1670637. ISSN 0735-1631. PMC 8039809. PMID 30208498.
Feldman-Winter, Lori; Goldsmith, Jay P.; Newborn, Committee on Fetus And; Syndrome, Task Force on Sudden Infant Death (2016-09-01). "Safe Sleep and Skin-to-Skin Care in the Neonatal Period for Healthy Term Newborns". Pediatrics. 138 (3): e20161889. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-1889. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 27550975. S2CID 19866683.
Montgomery, Kristen S. (2000). "Apgar Scores: Examining the Long-term Significance". The Journal of Perinatal Education. 9 (3): 5–9. doi:10.1624/105812400X87716. ISSN 1058-1243. PMC 1595023. PMID 17273212.
Livingston, Jacquelynn (1990-11-01). "Interrater reliability of the apgar score in term and premature infants". Applied Nursing Research. 3 (4): 164–165. doi:10.1016/S0897-1897(05)80139-9. ISSN 0897-1897. PMID 2252404.
Apgar, Virginia (1958-12-13). "Evaluation of the Newborn Infant-Second Report". Journal of the American Medical Association. 168 (15): 1985–1988. doi:10.1001/jama.1958.03000150027007. ISSN 0002-9955. PMID 13598635.

Apgar score (English Wikipedia)

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