Arabic (English Wikipedia)
Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Arabic" in English language version.
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academia.edu (Global: 105th place; English: 99th place)
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (16 November 2015). "Al-Jallad. The earliest stages of Arabic and its linguistic classification". Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics, forthcoming. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-315-14706-2. Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 15 July 2016.
- Al-Jallad 2020a, p. 8. Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2020a). A Manual of the Historical Grammar of Arabic. doi:10.1017/S0041977X14000524. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2021 – via Academia.
- Macdonald, Michael C. A. "Arabians, Arabias, and the Greeks_Contact and Perceptions". Literacy and Identity in Pre-Islamic Arabia. pp. 15–17. ISBN 978-1-003-27881-8. Archived from the original on 27 June 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (January 2014). "Al-Jallad. 2014. On the genetic background of the Rbbl bn Hfʿm grave inscription at Qaryat al-Fāw". BSOAS. 77 (3): 445–465. doi:10.1017/S0041977X14000524.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "Al-Jallad (Draft) Remarks on the classification of the languages of North Arabia in the 2nd edition of The Semitic Languages (eds. J. Huehnergard and N. Pat-El)".[permanent dead link]
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "One wāw to rule them all: the origins and fate of wawation in Arabic and its orthography".
- Nehmé, Laila (January 2010). ""A glimpse of the development of the Nabataean script into Arabic based on old and new epigraphic material", in M.C.A. Macdonald (ed), The development of Arabic as a written language (Supplement to the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies, 40). Oxford: 47–88". Supplement to the Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies.
- Čéplö, Slavomír (1 January 2020). "Chapter 13 Maltese". Arabic and Contact-induced Change.
aljazeera.net (Global: 636th place; English: 1,094th place)
- الجبر, خالد. "معجم الدوحة التاريخي للغة العربية.. الواقع الحقيقي للغة والحضارة". www.aljazeera.net (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 June 2023.
almaany.com (Global: 5,572nd place; English: low place)
- Team, Almaany. "ترجمة و معنى نحو بالإنجليزي في قاموس المعاني. قاموس عربي انجليزي مصطلحات صفحة 1". www.almaany.com. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
almuslih.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Griffith (2024). Griffith, Sidney H. (2024), "III The monks of Palestine and the Growth of Christian literature in Arabic: The Muslim World 78 (1988)", Arabic Christianity in the Monasteries of Ninth-Century Palestine (PDF), Taylor & Francis, p. 1-28, ISBN 978-1-040-23315-3
arabic-keyboard.online (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Quesada, Thomas C. Arabic Keyboard (Atlanta ed.). Madisonville: Peter Jones. p. 49. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 11 October 2012.
archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)
- Gregersen (1977:237) Gregersen, Edgar A. (1977), Language in Africa, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-677-04380-7
babbel.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- Lane, James (2 June 2021). "The 10 Most Spoken Languages In The World". Babbel. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
barjeelartfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)
- "Hassan Massoudy". Barjeel Art Foundation. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
bloomberg.com (Global: 118th place; English: 85th place)
- "Mandarin Chinese Most Useful Business Language After English - Bloomberg Business". Bloomberg News. 29 March 2015. Archived from the original on 29 March 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)
- Bhabani Charan Ray (1981). "Appendix B Persian, Turkish, Arabic words generally used in Oriya". Orissa Under the Mughals: From Akbar to Alivardi: a Fascinating Study of the Socio-economic and Cultural History of Orissa. Orissan studies project, 10. Calcutta: Punthi Pustak. p. 213. OCLC 461886299.
- Versteegh, Cornelis Henricus Maria "Kees" (1997). The Arabic Language. Columbia University Press. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-231-11152-2.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2015). An Outline of the Grammar of the Safaitic Inscriptions. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-28982-6. Archived from the original on 23 July 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- Leaman, Oliver (2006). The Qur'an: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-415-32639-1.
- Stern, Josef; Robinson, James T.; Shemesh, Yonatan (15 August 2019). Maimonides' "Guide of the Perplexed" in Translation: A History from the Thirteenth Century to the Twentieth. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-45763-5.
- Baalbaki, Ramzi (28 May 2014). The Arabic Lexicographical Tradition: From the 2nd/8th to the 12th/18th Century. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-27401-3.
- Retsö, Jan (1989). Diathesis in the Semitic Languages: A Comparative Morphological Study. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-08818-4. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- UNESCO (31 December 2019). بناء مجتمعات المعرفة في المنطقة العربية (in Arabic). UNESCO Publishing. ISBN 978-92-3-600090-9. Archived from the original on 5 April 2021. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- Janet C.E. Watson, The Phonology and Morphology of Arabic Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Introduction, p. xix. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-19-160775-2
- Proceedings and Debates of the Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine 107th United States Congress Congressional Record, p. 10,462. Washington, DC: United States Government Printing Office, 2002.
- Shalom Staub, Yemenis in New York City: The Folklore of Ethnicity Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 124. Philadelphia: Balch Institute for Ethnic Studies, 1989. ISBN 978-0-944190-05-0
- Daniel Newman, Arabic-English Thematic Lexicon Archived 13 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 1. London: Routledge, 2007. ISBN 978-1-134-10392-8
- Rebecca L. Torstrick and Elizabeth Faier, Culture and Customs of the Arab Gulf States Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 41. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009. ISBN 978-0-313-33659-1
- Walter J. Ong, Interfaces of the Word: Studies in the Evolution of Consciousness and Culture Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 32. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-8014-6630-4
- Clive Holes, Modern Arabic: Structures, Functions, and Varieties Archived 2 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine, p. 3. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press, 2004. ISBN 978-1-58901-022-2
- Nizar Y. Habash,Introduction to Arabic Natural Language Processing Archived 2 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 1–2. San Rafael, CA: Morgan & Claypool, 2010. ISBN 978-1-59829-795-9
- Bernard Bate, Tamil Oratory and the Dravidian Aesthetic: Democratic Practice in South India Archived 2 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine, pp. 14–15. New York: Columbia University Press, 2013. ISBN 978-0-231-51940-3
- Suleiman, p. 93 Archived 14 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine
- Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander (1997). Maltese. Routledge. p. xiii. ISBN 978-0-415-02243-9.
In fact, Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebine Arabic, although over the past 800 years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic
- Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa, Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 978-1-57506-109-2. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018.
Maltese is the chief exception: Classical or Standard Arabic is irrelevant in the Maltese linguistic community and there is no diglossia.
- Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa, Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 978-1-57506-109-2. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018.
yet it is in its morphology that Maltese also shows the most elaborate and deeply embedded influence from the Romance languages, Sicilian and Italian, with which it has long been in intimate contact....As a result Maltese is unique and different from Arabic and other Semitic languages.
brillonline.com (Global: 1,475th place; English: 1,107th place)
referenceworks.brillonline.com
- Lentin, Jérôme (30 May 2011). "Middle Arabic". Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Brill Reference. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (30 May 2011). "Polygenesis in the Arabic Dialects". Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Brill Reference. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2016.
- Sawaie, Mohammed (30 May 2011). "Language Academies". Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
- "Lexicography, Arabic". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. 2020. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35848.
- "Lane, Edward William". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. 2020. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35793.
britannica.com (Global: 37th place; English: 64th place)
- "Maltese language". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 September 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
- "Al-Khalīl ibn Aḥmad | Arab philologist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
- EB staff. "Maltese language – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2010.
concourt.org.za (Global: low place; English: low place)
- The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa (PDF) (2013 English version ed.). Constitutional Court of South Africa. 2013. ch. 1, s. 6. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 August 2018. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
constituteproject.org (Global: 4,115th place; English: 3,114th place)
- Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran: Iran (Islamic Republic of)'s Constitution of 1979. – Article: 16 Official or national languages, 1979, retrieved 25 July 2018
- "Morocco 2011 Constitution". Constitute. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- "Morocco 2011 Constitution, Article 5". www.constituteproject.org. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
dglnotes.com (Global: low place; English: low place)
- PhD, D. Gershon Lewental. "Rasmī or aslī?: Arabic's impact on modern Israeli Hebrew by D Gershon Lewental, PhD (DGLnotes)". DGLnotes. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
docs.google.com (Global: 877th place; English: 850th place)
- "Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
To summarise our findings, we might observe that when it comes to the most basic everyday language, as reflected in our data sets, speakers of Maltese are able to understand less than a third of what is being said to them in either Tunisian or Benghazi Libyan Arabic.
- "Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
Speakers of Tunisian and Libyan Arabic are able to understand about 40% of what is said to them in Maltese.
- "Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
In comparison, speakers of Libyan Arabic and speakers of Tunisian Arabic understand about two-thirds of what is being said to them.
doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)
- Kamusella, Tomasz (2017). "The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?" (PDF). Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics. 11 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006. hdl:10023/12443. ISSN 2570-5857. S2CID 158624482. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- Green, Christopher R.; Boutz, Jennifer Hill (2016). "A prosodic perspective on the assignment of tonal melodies to Arabic loanwords in Bambara". Mandenkan. 56: 29‑76. doi:10.4000/mandenkan.999.
- Al-Jallad 2020a, p. 8. Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2020a). A Manual of the Historical Grammar of Arabic. doi:10.1017/S0041977X14000524. Archived from the original on 21 December 2019. Retrieved 16 July 2021 – via Academia.
- Huehnergard, John (2017). "Arabic in Its Semitic Context". In Al-Jallad, Ahmad (ed.). Arabic in Context: Celebrating 400 Years of Arabic at Leiden University. Brill. p. 13. doi:10.1163/9789004343047_002. ISBN 978-90-04-34304-7. OCLC 967854618.
- Birnstiel 2019, p. 368. Birnstiel, Daniel (2019). "Chapter 15: Classical Arabic". In Huehnergard, John; Pat-El, Na'ama (eds.). The Semitic Languages (2nd ed.). Routledge. pp. 367–402. doi:10.4324/9780429025563. ISBN 978-0-415-73195-9. OCLC 1103311755. S2CID 166512720.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2021). "Connecting the Lines between Old (Epigraphic) Arabic and the Modern Vernaculars". Languages. 6 (4): 1. doi:10.3390/languages6040173. hdl:11370/e83a2829-dfcc-4bd6-83a8-fcb495742d48. ISSN 2226-471X.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (January 2014). "Al-Jallad. 2014. On the genetic background of the Rbbl bn Hfʿm grave inscription at Qaryat al-Fāw". BSOAS. 77 (3): 445–465. doi:10.1017/S0041977X14000524.
- Versteegh, Kees (1997). "Ibn Maḍâ' and the refutation of the grammarians". Landmarks in linguistic thought III. Abingdon, UK: Taylor & Francis. pp. 140–152. doi:10.4324/9780203444153_chapter_11. ISBN 978-0-203-27565-8.
- Tilmatine, Mohand (2015). "Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa". Language Empires in Comparative Perspective. Berlin, München, Boston: DE GRUYTER. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1515/9783110408362.1. ISBN 978-3-11-040836-2. S2CID 132791029.
- Seri-Hersch, Iris (2 December 2020). "Arabization and Islamization in the Making of the Sudanese "Postcolonial" State (1946-1964)". Cahiers d'études africaines. 240 (240): 779–804. doi:10.4000/etudesafricaines.32202. ISSN 0008-0055. S2CID 229407091.
- Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik (2017). "The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?". Journal of Nationalism, Memory and Language Politics. 11 (2). De Gruyter: 117. doi:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006. hdl:10023/12443. ISSN 2570-5857.
- Kaye (1991:?) Kaye, Alan S. (1991), "The Hamzat al-Waṣl in Contemporary Modern Standard Arabic", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 111 (3): 572–574, doi:10.2307/604273, JSTOR 604273
- Hadjioannou, Xenia; Tsiplakou, Stavroula; Kappler, Matthias (2011). "Language policy and language planning in Cyprus". Current Issues in Language Planning. 12 (4). Routledge: 508. doi:10.1080/14664208.2011.629113. hdl:10278/29371. S2CID 143966308.
- "Lexicography, Arabic". Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. Brill. 2020. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35848.
- Richards, D. S. (1999). "Edward Lane's Surviving Arabic Correspondence". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 9 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1017/S135618630001590X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25183625. S2CID 161420127.
- "Lane, Edward William". Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. 2020. doi:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_com_35793.
- Abu-Haidar, J. A. (1983). "Review of A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 46 (2): 351–353. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00079040. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 615409. S2CID 162954225.
- von Grunebaum, G. E. (1959). "Review of Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, Murad Kāmil, Ibrāhīm al-Ibyārī". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): 157–159. doi:10.1086/371525. ISSN 0022-2968. JSTOR 543279.
- Lucas C, Manfredi S (2020). Lucas C, Manfredi S (eds.). Arabic and contact-induced change (pdf). Berlin: Language Science Press. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3744565. ISBN 978-3-96110-252-5. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- Ferguson, Charles (1959), "The Arabic Koine", Language, 35 (4): 616–630, doi:10.2307/410601, JSTOR 410601
- Müller-Kessler, Christa (2003). "Aramaic 'k', lyk' and Iraqi Arabic 'aku, maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 123 (3): 641–646. doi:10.2307/3217756. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 3217756.[clarification needed]
- Evi Nurus Suroiyah; Dewi Anisatuz Zakiyah (7 June 2021). "Perkembangan Bahasa Arab di Indonesia" [Development of Arabic in Indonesia]. Muhadasah: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab (in Indonesian). 3 (1): 60–69. doi:10.51339/muhad.v3i1.302. ISSN 2721-9488.
- "Central Asian Arabic: The Irano-Arabic Dynamics of a New Perfect", Linguistic Convergence and Areal Diffusion, Routledge, 2004, pp. 121–134, doi:10.4324/9780203327715-12, ISBN 978-0-203-32771-5, retrieved 14 January 2023
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- Kirchhoff & Vergyri (2005:38–39) Kirchhoff, Katrin; Vergyri, Dimitra (2005). "Cross-dialectal data sharing for acoustic modeling in Arabic speech recognition". Speech Communication. 46 (1): 37–51. doi:10.1016/j.specom.2005.01.004.
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Cite error: The named reference "e28" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - Arabic at Ethnologue (28th ed., 2025)
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hal.science (Global: 2,005th place; English: 1,689th place)
- Tilmatine, Mohand (2015). "Arabization and linguistic domination: Berber and Arabic in the North of Africa". Language Empires in Comparative Perspective. Berlin, München, Boston: DE GRUYTER. pp. 1–16. doi:10.1515/9783110408362.1. ISBN 978-3-11-040836-2. S2CID 132791029.
hdl.handle.net (Global: 66th place; English: 34th place)
- Kamusella, Tomasz (2017). "The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?" (PDF). Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics. 11 (2): 117–145. doi:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006. hdl:10023/12443. ISSN 2570-5857. S2CID 158624482. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 December 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
- Al-Jallad, Ahmad (2021). "Connecting the Lines between Old (Epigraphic) Arabic and the Modern Vernaculars". Languages. 6 (4): 1. doi:10.3390/languages6040173. hdl:11370/e83a2829-dfcc-4bd6-83a8-fcb495742d48. ISSN 2226-471X.
- Kamusella, Tomasz Dominik (2017). "The Arabic Language: A Latin of Modernity?". Journal of Nationalism, Memory and Language Politics. 11 (2). De Gruyter: 117. doi:10.1515/jnmlp-2017-0006. hdl:10023/12443. ISSN 2570-5857.
- Hadjioannou, Xenia; Tsiplakou, Stavroula; Kappler, Matthias (2011). "Language policy and language planning in Cyprus". Current Issues in Language Planning. 12 (4). Routledge: 508. doi:10.1080/14664208.2011.629113. hdl:10278/29371. S2CID 143966308.
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- Kaye (1991:?) Kaye, Alan S. (1991), "The Hamzat al-Waṣl in Contemporary Modern Standard Arabic", Journal of the American Oriental Society, 111 (3): 572–574, doi:10.2307/604273, JSTOR 604273
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- Richards, D. S. (1999). "Edward Lane's Surviving Arabic Correspondence". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 9 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1017/S135618630001590X. ISSN 1356-1863. JSTOR 25183625. S2CID 161420127.
- Abu-Haidar, J. A. (1983). "Review of A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic (Arabic-English)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. 46 (2): 351–353. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00079040. ISSN 0041-977X. JSTOR 615409. S2CID 162954225.
- von Grunebaum, G. E. (1959). "Review of Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr, Murad Kāmil, Ibrāhīm al-Ibyārī". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 18 (2): 157–159. doi:10.1086/371525. ISSN 0022-2968. JSTOR 543279.
- Ferguson, Charles (1959), "The Arabic Koine", Language, 35 (4): 616–630, doi:10.2307/410601, JSTOR 410601
- Müller-Kessler, Christa (2003). "Aramaic 'k', lyk' and Iraqi Arabic 'aku, maku: The Mesopotamian Particles of Existence". Journal of the American Oriental Society. 123 (3): 641–646. doi:10.2307/3217756. ISSN 0003-0279. JSTOR 3217756.[clarification needed]
- Tabbaa, Yasser (1991). "The Transformation of Arabic Writing: Part I, Qur'ānic Calligraphy". Ars Orientalis. 21: 119–148. ISSN 0571-1371. JSTOR 4629416.
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