Aratta (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Aratta" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

20ox.ac.uk

613^th place

456^th place

8doi.org

2^nd place

8jstor.org

26^th place

20^th place

8semanticscholar.org

11^th place

8^th place

6books.google.com

3^rd place

5proquest.com

206^th place

124^th place

2harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

1third-millennium-library.com

low place

1web.archive.org

1^st place

1archive.org

6^th place

archive.org

Kramer (1963); Gordon (1967); Cohen (1973) Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians. University of Chicago Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.

books.google.com

see e.g. Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave, ETCSL (2006) line 102, etc.; Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie (1990) vol. 7, p. 121; Black (1998) p. 136; Vanstiphout (2003) p.110-111, etc.
Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie (1990) vol. 7, p. 121
The only source of lapis lazuli for the ancient world was Badakhshan, Afghanistan (see Clark (1986) p. 67).
e.g. Gordon (1967), p. 72 note 9. Kermanshah; Mallowan (1969), p. 256. Bakhtiari territory (cited in Mallowan (1985), p. 401, note 1). Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Mallowan, Max (1969). "Elamite Problems". Proceedings of the British Academy. LV. London: 256. cited in Mallowan (1985) p. 401, note 1 Mallowan, Max (1985). "Cyrus the Great". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
In contrast to Aratta, Anshan is well documented beyond literary texts (c.f. Hansman (1985) pp. 25-35).
Reiner, Erica (1973) "The Location of Anšan", Revue d'Assyriologie 67, pp. 57-62 (cited in Majidzadeh (1976), Hansman (1985)). Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Hansman, John F. (1985). "Anshan in the Elamite and Archaemenian Periods". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–35. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.

doi.org

Kramer (1963); Gordon (1967); Cohen (1973) Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians. University of Chicago Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Herrmann (1968); Hansman (1972); Hansman (1978); Majidzadeh (1976) Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Hansman, John F. (1972). "Elamites, Achaemenians and Anshan". Iran. 10: 118, footnote 97. doi:10.2307/4300468. JSTOR 4300468. cited in Majidzadeh (1976) and Hansman (1978) Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
Gordon (1967), p. 72, note 9. The Sanandaj area. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497.
Herrmann (1968), p. 54. South or southeast of the Caspian Sea (cited in Majidzadeh (1976)). Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
e.g. Gordon (1967), p. 72 note 9. Kermanshah; Mallowan (1969), p. 256. Bakhtiari territory (cited in Mallowan (1985), p. 401, note 1). Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Mallowan, Max (1969). "Elamite Problems". Proceedings of the British Academy. LV. London: 256. cited in Mallowan (1985) p. 401, note 1 Mallowan, Max (1985). "Cyrus the Great". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Reiner, Erica (1973) "The Location of Anšan", Revue d'Assyriologie 67, pp. 57-62 (cited in Majidzadeh (1976), Hansman (1985)). Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Hansman, John F. (1985). "Anshan in the Elamite and Archaemenian Periods". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–35. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Majidzadeh (1976): Shahdad; Majidzadeh (2004): Jiroft. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Majidzadeh, Yousef (2004). Jiroft: the Earliest Oriental Civilization.
Hansman (1978): "In the case of Aratta, where no inscriptions or texts are currently available to favor any one site, the mechanics of identification depend largely on inductive inquiry. At best such methods provide indications from which a location may be postulated as being reasonable or possible. But one cannot assume too much, for then the hypothesis becomes subjective rather than objective." Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050.

harvard.edu

people.fas.harvard.edu

Michael Witzel (Aryan and non-Aryan Names in Vedic India 1999, p. 8 People.fas.harvard.edu
"Autochthonous Aryans? The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" EJVS 2001, p. 18-19

jstor.org

Kramer (1963); Gordon (1967); Cohen (1973) Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians. University of Chicago Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Herrmann (1968); Hansman (1972); Hansman (1978); Majidzadeh (1976) Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Hansman, John F. (1972). "Elamites, Achaemenians and Anshan". Iran. 10: 118, footnote 97. doi:10.2307/4300468. JSTOR 4300468. cited in Majidzadeh (1976) and Hansman (1978) Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
Gordon (1967), p. 72, note 9. The Sanandaj area. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497.
Herrmann (1968), p. 54. South or southeast of the Caspian Sea (cited in Majidzadeh (1976)). Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
e.g. Gordon (1967), p. 72 note 9. Kermanshah; Mallowan (1969), p. 256. Bakhtiari territory (cited in Mallowan (1985), p. 401, note 1). Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Mallowan, Max (1969). "Elamite Problems". Proceedings of the British Academy. LV. London: 256. cited in Mallowan (1985) p. 401, note 1 Mallowan, Max (1985). "Cyrus the Great". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Reiner, Erica (1973) "The Location of Anšan", Revue d'Assyriologie 67, pp. 57-62 (cited in Majidzadeh (1976), Hansman (1985)). Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Hansman, John F. (1985). "Anshan in the Elamite and Archaemenian Periods". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–35. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Majidzadeh (1976): Shahdad; Majidzadeh (2004): Jiroft. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Majidzadeh, Yousef (2004). Jiroft: the Earliest Oriental Civilization.
Hansman (1978): "In the case of Aratta, where no inscriptions or texts are currently available to favor any one site, the mechanics of identification depend largely on inductive inquiry. At best such methods provide indications from which a location may be postulated as being reasonable or possible. But one cannot assume too much, for then the hypothesis becomes subjective rather than objective." Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050.

ox.ac.uk

etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk

"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
"The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature". Etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 30 December 2018.
see e.g. Lugalbanda in the Mountain Cave, ETCSL (2006) line 102, etc.; Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie (1990) vol. 7, p. 121; Black (1998) p. 136; Vanstiphout (2003) p.110-111, etc.

proquest.com

search.proquest.com

Cohen (1973), p. 55 notes: "Aratta became a epithet for "abundance" and "glory"." Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Cohen (1973), p. 61. Cohen states: "it is indeed strange that the name of such an important trade center should as yet remain unknown to us from any economic, administrative or other non-literary texts from the Ur III or Old Babylonian period". Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Kramer (1963); Gordon (1967); Cohen (1973) Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians. University of Chicago Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Cohen (1973), p. 60. The Hamadan area. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Cohen (1973), p. 59 Cohen also notes that the farthest east that any Assyrian king ever went was Hamadan. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Kramer (1963); Gordon (1967); Cohen (1973) Kramer, Samuel Noah (1963). The Sumerians. University of Chicago Press. p. 275. ISBN 0-226-45238-7. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Cohen, Sol (1973). Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta (Ph.D.). University of Pennsylvania. pp. 55–61. ProQuest 302716331.
Herrmann (1968); Hansman (1972); Hansman (1978); Majidzadeh (1976) Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Hansman, John F. (1972). "Elamites, Achaemenians and Anshan". Iran. 10: 118, footnote 97. doi:10.2307/4300468. JSTOR 4300468. cited in Majidzadeh (1976) and Hansman (1978) Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
Gordon (1967), p. 72, note 9. The Sanandaj area. Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497.
Herrmann (1968), p. 54. South or southeast of the Caspian Sea (cited in Majidzadeh (1976)). Herrmann, Georgina (1968). "Lapis Lazuli: The Early Phase of its Trade". Iraq. 30 (1): 36, 54. doi:10.2307/4199836. JSTOR 4199836. S2CID 130955760. cited in Cohen (1973), Majidzadeh (1976) Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805.
e.g. Gordon (1967), p. 72 note 9. Kermanshah; Mallowan (1969), p. 256. Bakhtiari territory (cited in Mallowan (1985), p. 401, note 1). Gordon, Edmund I. (1967). "The Meaning of the Ideogram ^dKASKAL.KUR = "Underground Water-Course" and its Significance for Bronze Age Historical Geography". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 21: 70–88. doi:10.2307/1359360. JSTOR 1359360. S2CID 163463497. Mallowan, Max (1969). "Elamite Problems". Proceedings of the British Academy. LV. London: 256. cited in Mallowan (1985) p. 401, note 1 Mallowan, Max (1985). "Cyrus the Great". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Reiner, Erica (1973) "The Location of Anšan", Revue d'Assyriologie 67, pp. 57-62 (cited in Majidzadeh (1976), Hansman (1985)). Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Hansman, John F. (1985). "Anshan in the Elamite and Archaemenian Periods". The Cambridge History of Iran. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–35. ISBN 0-521-20091-1. Retrieved 2005-03-15.
Majidzadeh (1976): Shahdad; Majidzadeh (2004): Jiroft. Majidzadeh, Yousef (1976). "The Land of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 35 (2): 105–114. doi:10.1086/372470. JSTOR 545195. S2CID 162240805. Majidzadeh, Yousef (2004). Jiroft: the Earliest Oriental Civilization.
Hansman (1978): "In the case of Aratta, where no inscriptions or texts are currently available to favor any one site, the mechanics of identification depend largely on inductive inquiry. At best such methods provide indications from which a location may be postulated as being reasonable or possible. But one cannot assume too much, for then the hypothesis becomes subjective rather than objective." Hansman, John F. (1978). "The Question of Aratta". Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 37 (4): 331–336. doi:10.1086/372671. JSTOR 544047. S2CID 162250050.

third-millennium-library.com

Langdom, Stephen H. "Early Babylonia and its Cities Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine." Cambridge Ancient History. Accessed 19 Dec 2010.

web.archive.org

Langdom, Stephen H. "Early Babylonia and its Cities Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine." Cambridge Ancient History. Accessed 19 Dec 2010.