Shaw 1977, p. 326. Shaw, Ezel Kural (1977), Reform, revolution and republic : the rise of modern Turkey (1808-1975), History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, vol. 2, Cambridge University Press, OCLC78646544
Hovannisian 1997, pp. 186–201. Hovannisian, Richard (1997), The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times: Foreign Domination to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century, vol. II, ISBN978-0-333-61974-2, OCLC312951712