Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Army of the classical Ottoman Empire" in English language version.
Efforts were made to enlarge and strengthen the kapıkulu army, in particular the Janissary infantry and the Topçu Artillery corps. They were given the most modern fire weapons of the time, muskets and cannon, making them the most potent of the sultan's military forces. To assure Janissary loyalty Mehmet installed his own slaves as commanders and created new divisions of slaves not involved in the previous political conflicts, expanding the devşirme system of recruiting young Christians to provide the needed men.
[...] Orkhan now organized, with the initial help of his brother, Ala-ed-Din, a regular standing army under the sovereign's command, a professional military force on a permanent war-footing, of a kind not to be emulated in Europe for another two centuries.
The word "Janissary" derives from the Turkish yeni cheri (yeni çeri, new army). They were originally an infantry bodyguard of a few hundred men using the bow and edged weapons. They adopted firearms during the reign of Murad II and were perhaps the first standing infantry force equipped with firearms in the world.
The 1826 New Mansure Army [...] was formed under Abdul Mahmoud II [Mahmud II] [...] Sultan Mahmud II further distinguished various Army components, creating new military formations such as the [...] Redif: Reserve Regiments. In 1834, a new military organization called Redif Asakir-i Mansure: Victorious Reserve Soldiers was founded to provide a pool of trained recruits for the Mansure Army during wartime.
