Art of ancient Egypt (English Wikipedia)

Curry, Andrew (2018). "The Rulers of Foreign Lands – Archaeology Magazine". www.archaeology.org.
"The Rulers of Foreign Lands". Archaeology Magazine. A head from a statue of an official dating to the 12th or 13th Dynasty (1802–1640 B.C.) sports the mushroom-shaped hairstyle commonly worn by non-Egyptian immigrants from western Asia such as the Hyksos.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Redford 1992, p. 6. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 479. ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Redford 1992, p. 16. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Redford 1992, p. 18. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Redford 1992, p. 17. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Redford 1992, p. 22. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Redford 1992, p. 20. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Redford 1992, p. 122. Redford, Donald B. (1992). Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-03606-9.
Daressy 1906, pp. 115–120. Daressy, Georges (1906). "Un poignard du temps des Rois Pasteurs". Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte. 7: 115–120.
Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
Razmjou, Shahrokh (1954). Ars orientalis; the arts of Islam and the East. Freer Gallery of Art. pp. 81–101.
Gay., Robins (1997). The art of ancient Egypt. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674046609.

auswaertiges-amt.de (Global: 3,468^th place; English: low place)

"picture of the Merimde head" (in German). Auswaertiges-amt.de. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Cooper, Jerrol S. (1996). The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference. Eisenbrauns. pp. 10–14. ISBN 9780931464966.
The Wisdom of Thoth: Magical Texts in Ancient Mediterranean Civilisations. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. 2016. p. 27. ISBN 978-1784912475. Golden figures depicting most probably a Pre-dynastic ruler and his son and heir, which are the oldest known in Egypt.
Robins 2008, p. 90. Robins, Gay (2008). The Art of Ancient Egypt. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03065-7.
Robins 2008, p. 109. Robins, Gay (2008). The Art of Ancient Egypt. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03065-7.
Bard 2015, p. 188. Bard, Kathryn A. (2015). An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780470673362.
el-Shahawy 2005, p. 160. el-Shahawy, Abeer (2005). The Egyptian Museum in Cairo: A Walk Through the Alleys of Ancient Egypt. Farid Atiya Press. ISBN 977-17--2183-6.
Bietak 1999, p. 379. Bietak, Manfred (1999). "Hyksos". In Bard, Kathryn A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. Routledge. pp. 377–379. ISBN 9781134665259.
Bard 2015, p. 213. Bard, Kathryn A. (2015). An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 9780470673362.
Sayce, A. H. (1895). The Egypt of the Hebrews and Herodotos. Books on Demand. p. 17. ISBN 978-3-7347-3964-4. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Roy 2011, pp. 291–292. Roy, Jane (2011). The Politics of Trade: Egypt and Lower Nubia in the 4th Millennium BC. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-19610-0.
Potts, Daniel T. (2012). A Companion to the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East. John Wiley & Sons. p. 841. ISBN 978-1-4443-6077-6.
Weigall, Arthur E. P. Brome (2016). A History of the Pharaohs. Cambridge University Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-1-108-08291-4.
O'Connor 2009, pp. 116–117. O'Connor, David (2009). "Egypt, the Levant, and the Aegean: From the Hyksos Period to the Rise of the New Kingdom". In Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim; Evans, Jean M. (eds.). Beyond Babylon : art, trade, and diplomacy in the second millennium B.C. Yale University Press. pp. 108–122. ISBN 9780300141436.
Wilkinson, Toby (2013). Lives of the Ancient Egyptians. Thames and Hudson Limited. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-500-77162-4.
Hawass, Zahi A.; Vannini, Sandro (2009). The lost tombs of Thebes: life in paradise. Thames & Hudson. p. 120. ISBN 9780500051597. The foreigners of the fourth register, with long hairstyles and calf-length fringed robes, are labeled Chiefs of Retjenu, the ancient name tor the Syrian region. Like the Nubians, they come with animals, in this case horses, an elephant, and a bear; they also offer weapons and vessels most likely filled with precious substance.
Zakrzewski, Sonia; Shortland, Andrew; Rowland, Joanne (2015). Science in the Study of Ancient Egypt. Routledge. p. 268. ISBN 978-1-317-39195-1.
Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1999. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-87099-907-9.
Robins 2008, p. 216. Robins, Gay (2008). The Art of Ancient Egypt. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-03065-7.
Stadter, Philip A.; Van der Stockt, L. (2002). Sage and Emperor: Plutarch, Greek Intellectuals, and Roman Power in the Time of Trajan (98–117 A.D.). Leuven University Press. p. 75. ISBN 978-90-5867-239-1. Trajan was, in fact, quite active in Egypt. Separate scenes of Domitian and Trajan making offerings to the gods appear on reliefs on the propylon of the Temple of Hathor at Dendera. There are cartouches of Domitian and Trajan on the column shafts of the Temple of Knum at Esna, and on the exterior a frieze text mentions Domitian, Trajan, and Hadrian

britishmuseum.org (Global: 1,505^th place; English: 1,194^th place)

"Statue". The British Museum.

brooklynmuseum.org (Global: 6,891^st place; English: 6,181^st place)

"The long skirt shown wrapped around this statue’s body and tucked in at the upper edge of the garment is typically Persian. The necklace, called a torque, is decorated with images of ibexes, symbols in ancient Persia of agility and sexual prowess. The depiction of this official in Persian dress may have been a demonstration of loyalty to the new rulers." "Egyptian Man in a Persian Costume". www.brooklynmuseum.org. Brooklyn Museum.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Brace, C. Loring; Seguchi, Noriko; Quintyn, Conrad B.; Fox, Sherry C.; Nelson, A. Russell; Manolis, Sotiris K.; Qifeng, Pan (2006). "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (1): 242–247. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..242B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509801102. PMC 1325007. PMID 16371462.
Genetic data:
- Chicki, L; Nichols, RA; Barbujani, G; Beaumont, MA (2002). "Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (17): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911008C. doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799. PMC 123201. PMID 12167671.
- Archaeological data:
  - Bar Yosef, Ofer (1998). "The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture". Evolutionary Anthropology. 6 (5): 159–177. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)6:5<159::aid-evan4>3.0.co;2-7. S2CID 35814375.
  - Ciałowicz, Krzysztof M. (2012). "Votive figurines from Tell el-Farkha and their counterparts". Archéo-Nil. 22 (1): 88–90. doi:10.3406/arnil.2012.1044.
  - Candelora 2018, p. 54. Candelora, Danielle (2018). "Entangled in Orientalism: How the Hyksos Became a Race". Journal of Egyptian History. 11 (1–2): 45–72. doi:10.1163/18741665-12340042. S2CID 216703371.
  - Williamson, Jacqueline (2015). "Alone before the God". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 51: 179–192. doi:10.5913/jarce.51.2015.a008 (inactive 11 July 2025).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2025 (link)
  - Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 239–240. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
  - Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 238–329. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
  - Sweeney, Deborah (2004). "Forever Young? The Representation of Older and Ageing Women in Ancient Egyptian Art". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 41: 67–84. doi:10.2307/20297188. JSTOR 20297188.

egypt-museum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"tell el-farkha". Egypt Museum.

faiyum.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Naqada III". Faiyum.com. Retrieved 1 May 2012.

flickr.com (Global: 1,013^th place; English: 739^th place)

"Exhibit notice". Ashmolean Museum.

galleryand.studio (Global: low place; English: low place)

Staff (2024-03-31). "Rasha Amin's Visual Stories of Hope". Gallery & Studio. Retrieved 2025-03-11.

globalegyptianmuseum.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Vase". Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels.
"Statue of Menkaure with Hathor and Cynopolis". The Global Egyptian Museum.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Brace, C. Loring; Seguchi, Noriko; Quintyn, Conrad B.; Fox, Sherry C.; Nelson, A. Russell; Manolis, Sotiris K.; Qifeng, Pan (2006). "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (1): 242–247. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..242B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509801102. PMC 1325007. PMID 16371462.
Genetic data:
- Chicki, L; Nichols, RA; Barbujani, G; Beaumont, MA (2002). "Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (17): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911008C. doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799. PMC 123201. PMID 12167671.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 239–240. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 238–329. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
Sweeney, Deborah (2004). "Forever Young? The Representation of Older and Ageing Women in Ancient Egyptian Art". Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt. 41: 67–84. doi:10.2307/20297188. JSTOR 20297188.

louvre.fr (Global: 2,640^th place; English: 3,789^th place)

collections.louvre.fr

"Stèle de Néfertiabet". Louvre Museum. 2025.
"Taharqa et Hémen". Louvre Collections. 690.

cartelfr.louvre.fr

"Site officiel du musée du Louvre". cartelfr.louvre.fr.

lumenlearning.com (Global: 6,866^th place; English: 4,730^th place)

courses.lumenlearning.com

"The Rise of Egyptian Civilization | World Civilization". courses.lumenlearning.com. Retrieved 2025-08-23.

metmuseum.org (Global: 983^rd place; English: 751^st place)

"Guardian Figure". www.metmuseum.org. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 9 February 2022.
The Art of Ancient Egypt. A resource for educators (PDF). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2013.
Sara Ickow. "Egyptian Revival". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Brace, C. Loring; Seguchi, Noriko; Quintyn, Conrad B.; Fox, Sherry C.; Nelson, A. Russell; Manolis, Sotiris K.; Qifeng, Pan (2006). "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (1): 242–247. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..242B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509801102. PMC 1325007. PMID 16371462.
Genetic data:
- Chicki, L; Nichols, RA; Barbujani, G; Beaumont, MA (2002). "Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (17): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911008C. doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799. PMC 123201. PMID 12167671.
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Brace, C. Loring; Seguchi, Noriko; Quintyn, Conrad B.; Fox, Sherry C.; Nelson, A. Russell; Manolis, Sotiris K.; Qifeng, Pan (2006). "The questionable contribution of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age to European craniofacial form". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 103 (1): 242–247. Bibcode:2006PNAS..103..242B. doi:10.1073/pnas.0509801102. PMC 1325007. PMID 16371462.
- Genetic data:
  - Chicki, L; Nichols, RA; Barbujani, G; Beaumont, MA (2002). "Y genetic data support the Neolithic demic diffusion model". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 99 (17): 11008–11013. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9911008C. doi:10.1073/pnas.162158799. PMC 123201. PMID 12167671.

persee.fr (Global: 515^th place; English: 1,261^st place)

Ciałowicz, Krzysztof M. (2012). "Votive figurines from Tell el-Farkha and their counterparts". Archéo-Nil. 22 (1): 88–90. doi:10.3406/arnil.2012.1044.

researchgate.net (Global: 120^th place; English: 125^th place)

Baqué-Manzano, Lucas (2002). "Further arguments on the Coptos colossi". Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale (102): 17–61.

saylor.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Kinnaer, Jacques. "Early Dynastic Period" (PDF). The Ancient Egypt Site. Retrieved 4 April 2012.

semanticscholar.org (Global: 11^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Archaeological data:
- Bar Yosef, Ofer (1998). "The Natufian Culture in the Levant, Threshold to the Origins of Agriculture". Evolutionary Anthropology. 6 (5): 159–177. doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6505(1998)6:5<159::aid-evan4>3.0.co;2-7. S2CID 35814375.
- Kamrin, Janice (2009). "The Aamu of Shu in the Tomb of Khnumhotep II at Beni Hassan". Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections. 1 (3): 22–36. S2CID 199601200.
- Candelora 2018, p. 54. Candelora, Danielle (2018). "Entangled in Orientalism: How the Hyksos Became a Race". Journal of Egyptian History. 11 (1–2): 45–72. doi:10.1163/18741665-12340042. S2CID 216703371.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

"picture of the Merimde head" (in German). Auswaertiges-amt.de. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2012.
The Art of Ancient Egypt. A resource for educators (PDF). New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 44. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 7, 2013. Retrieved July 7, 2013.

worldcat.org (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 239–240. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.
Leahy, Anthony (1992). "Royal Iconography and Dynastic Change, 750–525 BC: The Blue and Cap Crowns". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 78: 238–329. doi:10.2307/3822074. ISSN 0307-5133. JSTOR 3822074.

worldhistory.org (Global: 2,220^th place; English: 1,461^st place)

"Old Kingdom of Egypt". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
"Color in Ancient Egypt". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2018-10-04.
Mark, Joshua J. (24 March 2016). "Egyptian Book of the Dead". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2019-04-23.

Art of ancient Egypt (English Wikipedia)

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