Artificial human companion (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Artificial human companion" in English language version.

refsWebsite

Global rank English rank

40doi.org

2^nd place

29nih.gov

4^th place

3harvard.edu

18^th place

17^th place

2handle.net

102^nd place

76^th place

1medium.com

551^st place

406^th place

1theijournal.ca

low place

1arxiv.org

69^th place

59^th place

1ibm.com

1,131^st place

850^th place

1alzheimers.org.uk

low place

1byu.edu

1,687^th place

1,074^th place

1commonsensemedia.org

1,490^th place

810^th place

1techcrunch.com

187^th place

146^th place

1bbc.com

20^th place

30^th place

1forbes.com

54^th place

48^th place

1csis.org

2,367^th place

1,825^th place

1pwc.com

5,433^rd place

4,780^th place

1legiscan.com

low place

1fenwick.com

low place

1europa.eu

68^th place

117^th place

1georgetown.edu

2,318^th place

1,652^nd place

1cnn.com

28^th place

26^th place

alzheimers.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Living alone". Alzheimer's Society. Retrieved 2020-04-13.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Zhou, Li; Gao, Jianfeng; Li, Di; Shum, Heung-Yeung (March 2020). "The Design and Implementation of XiaoIce, an Empathetic Social Chatbot". Computational Linguistics. 46 (1): 53–93. arXiv:1812.08989. doi:10.1162/coli_a_00368.

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

"K-pop: The rise of the virtual girl bands". 12 December 2022.

byu.edu (Global: 1,687^th place; English: 1,074^th place)

brightspotcdn.byu.edu

Willoughby, Brian J.; Carroll, Jason S.; Dover, Carson R.; Hakala, Rebekah H. "COUNTERFEIT CONNECTIONS The Rise of Romantic AI Companions and AI Sexualized Media Among the Rising Generation" (PDF). brightspotcdn.byu.edu. p. 8.

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

Gold, Hadas (16 September 2025). "More families sue Character.AI developer, alleging app played a role in teens' suicide and suicide attempt". CNN.

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490^th place; English: 810^th place)

"Nearly 3 in 4 Teens Have Used AI Companions, New National Survey Finds". Common Sense Media. 2025-07-16. Retrieved 2025-09-20.

csis.org (Global: 2,367^th place; English: 1,825^th place)

Chin-Rothmann, Caitlin (18 July 2024). "Protecting Data Privacy as a Baseline for Responsible AI".

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Ahmed, Eshtiak; Buruk, Oğuz 'Oz'; Hamari, Juho (August 2024). "Human–Robot Companionship: Current Trends and Future Agenda". International Journal of Social Robotics. 16 (8): 1809–1860. doi:10.1007/s12369-024-01160-y.
Chaturvedi, Rijul; Verma, Sanjeev; Das, Ronnie; Dwivedi, Yogesh K. (August 2023). "Social companionship with artificial intelligence: Recent trends and future avenues". Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 193 122634. doi:10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122634.
Rogge, Ayanda (October 2023). "Defining, Designing and Distinguishing Artificial Companions: A Systematic Literature Review". International Journal of Social Robotics. 15 (9–10): 1557–1579. doi:10.1007/s12369-023-01031-y.
Bianchini, Francesco (March 2023). "A New Definition of 'Artificial' for Two Artificial Sciences". Foundations of Science. 28 (1): 401–417. doi:10.1007/s10699-021-09799-w. hdl:11585/858549.
Łukasik, Albert; Gut, Arkadiusz (2025). "From robots to chatbots: unveiling the dynamics of human-AI interaction". Frontiers in Psychology. 16 1569277. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1569277. PMC 12014614. PMID 40271364.
Robinson, Hayley; MacDonald, Bruce; Broadbent, Elizabeth (November 2014). "The Role of Healthcare Robots for Older People at Home: A Review". International Journal of Social Robotics. 6 (4): 575–591. doi:10.1007/s12369-014-0242-2.
Cano, Sandra; González, Carina S.; Gil-Iranzo, Rosa María; Albiol-Pérez, Sergio (30 July 2021). "Affective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review". Sensors. 21 (15): 5166. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.5166C. doi:10.3390/s21155166. PMC 8347754. PMID 34372402.
Adamopoulou, Eleni; Moussiades, Lefteris (December 2020). "Chatbots: History, technology, and applications". Machine Learning with Applications. 2 100006. doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2020.100006.
ZemčíK, Mgr. Tomáš (22 October 2019). "A Brief History of Chatbots". DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering (aicae). doi:10.12783/dtcse/aicae2019/31439.
Marsh, Jackie (2019), Mascheroni, Giovanna; Holloway, Donell (eds.), "The Uncanny Valley Revisited: Play with the Internet of Toys", The Internet of Toys: Practices, Affordances and the Political Economy of Children's Smart Play, Studies in Childhood and Youth, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 47–65, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-10898-4_3, ISBN 978-3-030-10898-4{{citation}}: CS1 maint: work parameter with ISBN (link)
Fujita, Masahiro (October 2001). "AIBO: Toward the Era of Digital Creatures". The International Journal of Robotics Research. 20 (10): 781–794. doi:10.1177/02783640122068092.
Shibata, Takanori (2014). "Seal robot, PARO, as a neurological therapeutic device and biofeedback medical device". PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e549332014-001.
Yu, Ruby; Hui, Elsie; Lee, Jenny; Poon, Dawn; Ng, Ashley; Sit, Kitty; Ip, Kenny; Yeung, Fannie; Wong, Martin; Shibata, Takanori; Woo, Jean (May 2015). "Use of a Therapeutic, Socially Assistive Pet Robot (PARO) in Improving Mood and Stimulating Social Interaction and Communication for People With Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR Research Protocols. 4 (2): e45. doi:10.2196/resprot.4189. PMC 4433493. PMID 25934173.
Henschel, Anna; Laban, Guy; Cross, Emily S. (March 2021). "What Makes a Robot Social? A Review of Social Robots from Science Fiction to a Home or Hospital Near You". Current Robotics Reports. 2 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1007/s43154-020-00035-0. PMC 7860159. PMID 34977592.
Zhou, Li; Gao, Jianfeng; Li, Di; Shum, Heung-Yeung (March 2020). "The Design and Implementation of XiaoIce, an Empathetic Social Chatbot". Computational Linguistics. 46 (1): 53–93. arXiv:1812.08989. doi:10.1162/coli_a_00368.
Pandey, Amit Kumar; Gelin, Rodolphe (September 2018). "A Mass-Produced Sociable Humanoid Robot: Pepper: The First Machine of Its Kind". IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. 25 (3): 40–48. Bibcode:2018IRAM...25c..40P. doi:10.1109/mra.2018.2833157.
Coursey, Kino; Pirzchalski, Susan; McMullen, Matt; Lindroth, Guile; Furuushi, Yuri (2019). "Living with Harmony: A Personal Companion System by Realbotix™". AI Love You. pp. 77–95. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-19734-6_4. ISBN 978-3-030-19733-9.
de Greeff, Joachim; Belpaeme, Tony (2015). "Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning through Social Human-Robot Interaction". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0138061. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038061D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138061. PMC 4589374. PMID 26422143.
Morton, Jorge Luis (22 July 2025). "From meaning to emotions: LLMs as artificial communication partners". AI & Society. doi:10.1007/s00146-025-02481-w.
Manoli, Aikaterina; Pauketat, Janet V.T.; Anthis, Jacy Reese (2025). "Characterizing Relationships with Companion and Assistant Large Language Models". Companion Publication of the 2025 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. pp. 312–319. doi:10.1145/3715070.3749245. ISBN 979-8-4007-1480-1.
Richet, Jean-Loup (November 2025). "AI companionship or digital entrapment? investigating the impact of anthropomorphic AI-based chatbots". Journal of Innovation & Knowledge. 10 (6) 100835. doi:10.1016/j.jik.2025.100835.
Skjuve, Marita; Følstad, Asbjørn; Fostervold, Knut Inge; Brandtzaeg, Petter Bae (May 2021). "My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships". International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 149 102601. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102601. hdl:10852/83712.
Shanahan, Murray (February 2024). "Talking about Large Language Models". Communications of the ACM. 67 (2): 68–79. doi:10.1145/3624724.
Arya, Resham; Singh, Jaiteg; Kumar, Ashok (May 2021). "A survey of multidisciplinary domains contributing to affective computing". Computer Science Review. 40 100399. doi:10.1016/j.cosrev.2021.100399.
Padhan, Srikanta; Mohapatra, Avilash; Ramasamy, Senthil Kumar; Agrawal, Sanjana (3 August 2023). "Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics in Elderly Healthcare: Enabling Independence and Quality of Life". Cureus. 15 (8) e42905. doi:10.7759/cureus.42905. PMC 10474924. PMID 37664381.
Andersson, Marta (24 July 2025). "Companionship in code: AI's role in the future of human connection". Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. 12 (1) 1177. doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05536-x.
Zhong, Wenjun; Luo, Jianghua; Zhang, Hong (July 2024). "The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Affective Disorders. 356: 459–469. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.057. PMID 38631422.
Inkster, Becky; Sarda, Shubhankar; Subramanian, Vinod (23 November 2018). "An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study". JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 6 (11) e12106. doi:10.2196/12106. PMC 6286427. PMID 30470676.
Malgaroli, Matteo; Hull, Thomas D.; Zech, James M.; Althoff, Tim (6 October 2023). "Natural language processing for mental health interventions: a systematic review and research framework". Translational Psychiatry. 13 (1) 309. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02592-2. PMC 10556019. PMID 37798296.
Nyakhar, Shahzadhi; Wang, Hongwu (21 October 2025). "Effectiveness of artificial intelligence chatbots on mental health & well-being in college students: a rapid systematic review". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16 1621768. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1621768. PMC 12582922. PMID 41195352.
Liu, Hao; Peng, Huaming; Song, Xingyu; Xu, Chenzi; Zhang, Meng (March 2022). "Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness". Internet Interventions. 27 100495. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100495. PMC 8760455. PMID 35059305.
Espejo, Gemma; Reiner, Wade; Wenzinger, Michael (5 September 2023). "Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Healthcare: Progress, Pitfalls, and Promises". Cureus. 15 (9) e44748. doi:10.7759/cureus.44748. PMC 10556257. PMID 37809254.
Zhang, Zhihui; Wang, Jing (31 October 2024). "Can AI replace psychotherapists? Exploring the future of mental health care". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 15 1444382. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1444382. PMC 11560757. PMID 39544371.
Özdemir Beceren, Burcu; Sarıtaş, Seda; Baydemir, Ceren (7 October 2025). "Digital companions in early childhood education: a scoping review on the potential of chatbots for supporting social-emotional learning". Frontiers in Education. 10 1634668. doi:10.3389/feduc.2025.1634668.
Lott, Micah; Hasselberger, William (31 August 2025). "With Friends Like These: Love and Friendship with AI Agents". Topoi. doi:10.1007/s11245-025-10247-8.
Nautiyal, Radhika; Jha, Radhey Shyam; Kathuria, Samta; Chanti, Yerrolla; Rathor, Navjot; Gupta, Manish (2023). "Intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Entertainment Sector". 2023 4th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC). pp. 1273–1278. doi:10.1109/ICOSEC58147.2023.10275976. ISBN 979-8-3503-0088-8.
Braguez, Joana (2023). "AI as a Creative Partner: Enhancing Artistic Creation and Acceptance". The Barcelona Conference on Arts, Media & Culture 2023: Official Conference Proceedings. pp. 121–131. doi:10.22492/issn.2435-9475.2023.11.
Rahsepar Meadi, Mehrdad; Sillekens, Tomas; Metselaar, Suzanne; van Balkom, Anton; Bernstein, Justin; Batelaan, Neeltje (2025-02-21). "Exploring the Ethical Challenges of Conversational AI in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review". JMIR Mental Health. 12 e60432. doi:10.2196/60432. PMC 11890142. PMID 39983102.
Elliott, David; Soifer, Eldon (2022). "AI Technologies, Privacy, and Security". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 5 826737. doi:10.3389/frai.2022.826737. PMC 9044077. PMID 35493613.
Register, Christopher; Khan, Maryam Ali; Giubilini, Alberto; Earp, Brian David; Savulescu, Julian (December 2025). "Privacy and Human-AI Relationships". Philosophy & Technology. 38 (4) 147. doi:10.1007/s13347-025-00978-2.

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu

"AI Act". Shaping Europe's digital future. 4 December 2025.

fenwick.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"New York's AI Companion Safeguard Law Takes Effect". Fenwick. 2025-11-11. Retrieved 2025-11-22.

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

Stoclet, Natalie. "For These 5 Creatives, AI Has Become An Artistic Ally". Forbes. Retrieved 2025-11-22.

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,318^th place; English: 1,652^nd place)

law.georgetown.edu

"AI Companions & Harms to Children". Georgetown Law. 25 September 2025.

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Bianchini, Francesco (March 2023). "A New Definition of 'Artificial' for Two Artificial Sciences". Foundations of Science. 28 (1): 401–417. doi:10.1007/s10699-021-09799-w. hdl:11585/858549.
Skjuve, Marita; Følstad, Asbjørn; Fostervold, Knut Inge; Brandtzaeg, Petter Bae (May 2021). "My Chatbot Companion - a Study of Human-Chatbot Relationships". International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 149 102601. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102601. hdl:10852/83712.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Cano, Sandra; González, Carina S.; Gil-Iranzo, Rosa María; Albiol-Pérez, Sergio (30 July 2021). "Affective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review". Sensors. 21 (15): 5166. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.5166C. doi:10.3390/s21155166. PMC 8347754. PMID 34372402.
Pandey, Amit Kumar; Gelin, Rodolphe (September 2018). "A Mass-Produced Sociable Humanoid Robot: Pepper: The First Machine of Its Kind". IEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine. 25 (3): 40–48. Bibcode:2018IRAM...25c..40P. doi:10.1109/mra.2018.2833157.
de Greeff, Joachim; Belpaeme, Tony (2015). "Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning through Social Human-Robot Interaction". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0138061. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038061D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138061. PMC 4589374. PMID 26422143.

ibm.com (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 850^th place)

"What Are Large Language Models (LLMs)?". IBM. 6 October 2021.

legiscan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"California SB243 | 2025-2026 | Regular Session". LegiScan. Retrieved 2025-11-22.

medium.com (Global: 551^st place; English: 406^th place)

Marcovitz, Yam (2025-05-27). "From ELIZA to Parlant: The Evolution of Conversational AI Systems and Paradigms". Medium. Retrieved 2025-11-20.

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Łukasik, Albert; Gut, Arkadiusz (2025). "From robots to chatbots: unveiling the dynamics of human-AI interaction". Frontiers in Psychology. 16 1569277. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1569277. PMC 12014614. PMID 40271364.
Cano, Sandra; González, Carina S.; Gil-Iranzo, Rosa María; Albiol-Pérez, Sergio (30 July 2021). "Affective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review". Sensors. 21 (15): 5166. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.5166C. doi:10.3390/s21155166. PMC 8347754. PMID 34372402.
Yu, Ruby; Hui, Elsie; Lee, Jenny; Poon, Dawn; Ng, Ashley; Sit, Kitty; Ip, Kenny; Yeung, Fannie; Wong, Martin; Shibata, Takanori; Woo, Jean (May 2015). "Use of a Therapeutic, Socially Assistive Pet Robot (PARO) in Improving Mood and Stimulating Social Interaction and Communication for People With Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR Research Protocols. 4 (2): e45. doi:10.2196/resprot.4189. PMC 4433493. PMID 25934173.
Henschel, Anna; Laban, Guy; Cross, Emily S. (March 2021). "What Makes a Robot Social? A Review of Social Robots from Science Fiction to a Home or Hospital Near You". Current Robotics Reports. 2 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1007/s43154-020-00035-0. PMC 7860159. PMID 34977592.
de Greeff, Joachim; Belpaeme, Tony (2015). "Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning through Social Human-Robot Interaction". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0138061. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038061D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138061. PMC 4589374. PMID 26422143.
Padhan, Srikanta; Mohapatra, Avilash; Ramasamy, Senthil Kumar; Agrawal, Sanjana (3 August 2023). "Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics in Elderly Healthcare: Enabling Independence and Quality of Life". Cureus. 15 (8) e42905. doi:10.7759/cureus.42905. PMC 10474924. PMID 37664381.
Zhong, Wenjun; Luo, Jianghua; Zhang, Hong (July 2024). "The therapeutic effectiveness of artificial intelligence-based chatbots in alleviation of depressive and anxiety symptoms in short-course treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis". Journal of Affective Disorders. 356: 459–469. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.057. PMID 38631422.
Inkster, Becky; Sarda, Shubhankar; Subramanian, Vinod (23 November 2018). "An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study". JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 6 (11) e12106. doi:10.2196/12106. PMC 6286427. PMID 30470676.
Malgaroli, Matteo; Hull, Thomas D.; Zech, James M.; Althoff, Tim (6 October 2023). "Natural language processing for mental health interventions: a systematic review and research framework". Translational Psychiatry. 13 (1) 309. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02592-2. PMC 10556019. PMID 37798296.
Nyakhar, Shahzadhi; Wang, Hongwu (21 October 2025). "Effectiveness of artificial intelligence chatbots on mental health & well-being in college students: a rapid systematic review". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16 1621768. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1621768. PMC 12582922. PMID 41195352.
Liu, Hao; Peng, Huaming; Song, Xingyu; Xu, Chenzi; Zhang, Meng (March 2022). "Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness". Internet Interventions. 27 100495. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100495. PMC 8760455. PMID 35059305.
Espejo, Gemma; Reiner, Wade; Wenzinger, Michael (5 September 2023). "Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Healthcare: Progress, Pitfalls, and Promises". Cureus. 15 (9) e44748. doi:10.7759/cureus.44748. PMC 10556257. PMID 37809254.
Zhang, Zhihui; Wang, Jing (31 October 2024). "Can AI replace psychotherapists? Exploring the future of mental health care". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 15 1444382. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1444382. PMC 11560757. PMID 39544371.
Rahsepar Meadi, Mehrdad; Sillekens, Tomas; Metselaar, Suzanne; van Balkom, Anton; Bernstein, Justin; Batelaan, Neeltje (2025-02-21). "Exploring the Ethical Challenges of Conversational AI in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review". JMIR Mental Health. 12 e60432. doi:10.2196/60432. PMC 11890142. PMID 39983102.
Elliott, David; Soifer, Eldon (2022). "AI Technologies, Privacy, and Security". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 5 826737. doi:10.3389/frai.2022.826737. PMC 9044077. PMID 35493613.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Łukasik, Albert; Gut, Arkadiusz (2025). "From robots to chatbots: unveiling the dynamics of human-AI interaction". Frontiers in Psychology. 16 1569277. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1569277. PMC 12014614. PMID 40271364.
Cano, Sandra; González, Carina S.; Gil-Iranzo, Rosa María; Albiol-Pérez, Sergio (30 July 2021). "Affective Communication for Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review". Sensors. 21 (15): 5166. Bibcode:2021Senso..21.5166C. doi:10.3390/s21155166. PMC 8347754. PMID 34372402.
Yu, Ruby; Hui, Elsie; Lee, Jenny; Poon, Dawn; Ng, Ashley; Sit, Kitty; Ip, Kenny; Yeung, Fannie; Wong, Martin; Shibata, Takanori; Woo, Jean (May 2015). "Use of a Therapeutic, Socially Assistive Pet Robot (PARO) in Improving Mood and Stimulating Social Interaction and Communication for People With Dementia: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR Research Protocols. 4 (2): e45. doi:10.2196/resprot.4189. PMC 4433493. PMID 25934173.
Henschel, Anna; Laban, Guy; Cross, Emily S. (March 2021). "What Makes a Robot Social? A Review of Social Robots from Science Fiction to a Home or Hospital Near You". Current Robotics Reports. 2 (1): 9–19. doi:10.1007/s43154-020-00035-0. PMC 7860159. PMID 34977592.
de Greeff, Joachim; Belpaeme, Tony (2015). "Why Robots Should Be Social: Enhancing Machine Learning through Social Human-Robot Interaction". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0138061. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1038061D. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138061. PMC 4589374. PMID 26422143.
Padhan, Srikanta; Mohapatra, Avilash; Ramasamy, Senthil Kumar; Agrawal, Sanjana (3 August 2023). "Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotics in Elderly Healthcare: Enabling Independence and Quality of Life". Cureus. 15 (8) e42905. doi:10.7759/cureus.42905. PMC 10474924. PMID 37664381.
Inkster, Becky; Sarda, Shubhankar; Subramanian, Vinod (23 November 2018). "An Empathy-Driven, Conversational Artificial Intelligence Agent (Wysa) for Digital Mental Well-Being: Real-World Data Evaluation Mixed-Methods Study". JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 6 (11) e12106. doi:10.2196/12106. PMC 6286427. PMID 30470676.
Malgaroli, Matteo; Hull, Thomas D.; Zech, James M.; Althoff, Tim (6 October 2023). "Natural language processing for mental health interventions: a systematic review and research framework". Translational Psychiatry. 13 (1) 309. doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02592-2. PMC 10556019. PMID 37798296.
Nyakhar, Shahzadhi; Wang, Hongwu (21 October 2025). "Effectiveness of artificial intelligence chatbots on mental health & well-being in college students: a rapid systematic review". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 16 1621768. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1621768. PMC 12582922. PMID 41195352.
Liu, Hao; Peng, Huaming; Song, Xingyu; Xu, Chenzi; Zhang, Meng (March 2022). "Using AI chatbots to provide self-help depression interventions for university students: A randomized trial of effectiveness". Internet Interventions. 27 100495. doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100495. PMC 8760455. PMID 35059305.
Espejo, Gemma; Reiner, Wade; Wenzinger, Michael (5 September 2023). "Exploring the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Mental Healthcare: Progress, Pitfalls, and Promises". Cureus. 15 (9) e44748. doi:10.7759/cureus.44748. PMC 10556257. PMID 37809254.
Zhang, Zhihui; Wang, Jing (31 October 2024). "Can AI replace psychotherapists? Exploring the future of mental health care". Frontiers in Psychiatry. 15 1444382. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1444382. PMC 11560757. PMID 39544371.
Rahsepar Meadi, Mehrdad; Sillekens, Tomas; Metselaar, Suzanne; van Balkom, Anton; Bernstein, Justin; Batelaan, Neeltje (2025-02-21). "Exploring the Ethical Challenges of Conversational AI in Mental Health Care: Scoping Review". JMIR Mental Health. 12 e60432. doi:10.2196/60432. PMC 11890142. PMID 39983102.
Elliott, David; Soifer, Eldon (2022). "AI Technologies, Privacy, and Security". Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence. 5 826737. doi:10.3389/frai.2022.826737. PMC 9044077. PMID 35493613.

pwc.com (Global: 5,433^rd place; English: 4,780^th place)

"How state privacy laws regulate AI: 6 steps to compliance".

techcrunch.com (Global: 187^th place; English: 146^th place)

"72% of US teens have used AI companions, study finds". TechCrunch. 2025-07-21. Retrieved 2025-09-20.

theijournal.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

Lawton, Laura (2017-03-30). "Taken by the Tamagotchi: How a Toy Changed the Perspective on Mobile Technology". The iJournal. 2 (2).

Artificial human companion (English Wikipedia)

alzheimers.org.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69th place; English: 59th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20th place; English: 30th place)

byu.edu (Global: 1,687th place; English: 1,074th place)

brightspotcdn.byu.edu

cnn.com (Global: 28th place; English: 26th place)

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490th place; English: 810th place)

csis.org (Global: 2,367th place; English: 1,825th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68th place; English: 117th place)

digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu

fenwick.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

forbes.com (Global: 54th place; English: 48th place)

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,318th place; English: 1,652nd place)

law.georgetown.edu

handle.net (Global: 102nd place; English: 76th place)

hdl.handle.net

harvard.edu (Global: 18th place; English: 17th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

ibm.com (Global: 1,131st place; English: 850th place)

legiscan.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

medium.com (Global: 551st place; English: 406th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

pwc.com (Global: 5,433rd place; English: 4,780th place)

techcrunch.com (Global: 187th place; English: 146th place)

theijournal.ca (Global: low place; English: low place)

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

bbc.com (Global: 20^th place; English: 30^th place)

byu.edu (Global: 1,687^th place; English: 1,074^th place)

cnn.com (Global: 28^th place; English: 26^th place)

commonsensemedia.org (Global: 1,490^th place; English: 810^th place)

csis.org (Global: 2,367^th place; English: 1,825^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

europa.eu (Global: 68^th place; English: 117^th place)

forbes.com (Global: 54^th place; English: 48^th place)

georgetown.edu (Global: 2,318^th place; English: 1,652^nd place)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ibm.com (Global: 1,131^st place; English: 850^th place)

medium.com (Global: 551^st place; English: 406^th place)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pwc.com (Global: 5,433^rd place; English: 4,780^th place)

techcrunch.com (Global: 187^th place; English: 146^th place)