Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), ""Van in This World; Paradise in the Next" The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.), Armenian Van/Vaspurakan, Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, p. 15, OCLC44774992
Hewsen, Robert H. (2000), ""Van in This World; Paradise in the Next" The Historical Geography of Van/Vaspurakan", in Hovannisian, Richard G. (ed.), Armenian Van/Vaspurakan, Historic Armenian Cities and Provinces, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, p. 15, OCLC44774992