Assembly line (English Wikipedia)

Weber, Austin (2013-10-01). "The Moving Assembly Line Turns 100". Assembly Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26. The assembly line ... was the result of a long period of trial and error. The assembly line wasn't a planned development; rather, it emerged in 1913 from a dynamic situation. People such as Carl Emde, William Klann and William Knudsen all played key roles in early automation efforts at Ford's Highland Park factory. Two individuals were essential to the success of the moving assembly line: Clarence Avery and Charles Sorensen. constant redesign of the Model T. Many components was tweaked regularly to make the vehicle easier to assemble. In 1913 alone, Ford made more than 100 design changes every month. Continuous experimentation was the rule rather than the exception at Ford's Highland Park plant. Ford engineers were constantly redesigning and tweaking jigs and fixtures, and planning new machine tools or fixing old ones, to achieve higher production.
Weber, Austin (2008-09-02). "How the Model T Was Assembled". Assembly Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2017-03-26.

books.google.com

Roe 1916^{[page needed]} Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).
Musson & Robinson 1969, pp. 491–5 Musson, Albert Edward; Robinson, Eric (1969). Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0370-7. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
Domm 2009, p. 29 Domm, Robert W. (2009). Michigan Yesterday & Today. Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780760333853. Archived from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
Parker 2013, pp. 5–12 Parker, Dana (2013). Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II (Illustrated ed.). Dana T. Parker. ISBN 978-0-9897906-1-1. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-10-17.

caranddriver.com

Swan, Tony (April 2013). "Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Really Put the World on Wheels". Car and driver. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.

doi.org

Scholl, A.; Christian, B. (2006). "State-of-the-art exact and heuristic solution procedures for simple assembly line balancing". European Journal of Operational Research. 168 (3): 666–639. doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2004.07.022.
Blauner, Robert (Summer 1965). "Alienation and Freedom: The Factory Worker and His Industry". Technology and Culture. 6 (3): 518–519. doi:10.2307/3101830. JSTOR 4105309. S2CID 111540061.

gutenberg.org

Ford & Crowther 1922, p. 45 (on line version), p. 80 (print version) Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Ford & Crowther 1922, p. 81 Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Ford & Crowther 1922, Chapter IV^{[page needed]} Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.

history.com

"Moving Assembly Line at Ford". This Day in History. The History Channel. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2016.

ideafinder.com

Ament, Phil. "Assembly Line History: Invention of the Assembly Line". Ideafinder.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17. Retrieved 2011-10-15.

industriouseast.org.uk

"Long Shop Museum". Archived from the original on 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2012-12-17.^{[full citation needed]}

jstor.org

Blauner, Robert (Summer 1965). "Alienation and Freedom: The Factory Worker and His Industry". Technology and Culture. 6 (3): 518–519. doi:10.2307/3101830. JSTOR 4105309. S2CID 111540061.

loc.gov

lccn.loc.gov

Roe 1916^{[page needed]} Roe, Joseph Wickham (1916), English and American Tool Builders, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press, LCCN 16011753. Reprinted by McGraw-Hill, New York and London, 1926 (LCCN 27-24075); and by Lindsay Publications, Inc., Bradley, Illinois (ISBN 978-0-917914-73-7).
Hounshell 1984^{[page needed]} Hounshell, David A. (1984). From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-2975-8. LCCN 83016269.
Sorensen & Williamson 1956, p. 116. Sorensen, Charles E. & Williamson, Samuel T. (1956). My Forty Years with Ford. New York: Norton. LCCN 56010854.

mouvements.asso.fr

"Leçons d'autogestion" [Autogestion Lessons] (Interview) (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2007.

nydailynews.com

"Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Changed Manufacturing and Society". New York Daily News. October 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 30, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2017.

sciencedirect.com

Sturn, Richard (2015-01-01), "Division of Labor: History of the Concept", in Wright, James D. (ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences (Second Edition), Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 601–605, ISBN 978-0-08-097087-5, retrieved 2023-09-30

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Blauner, Robert (Summer 1965). "Alienation and Freedom: The Factory Worker and His Industry". Technology and Culture. 6 (3): 518–519. doi:10.2307/3101830. JSTOR 4105309. S2CID 111540061.

spherion.com

"Assembler Job Description - How to Become an Assembly Worker". Spherion. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-03-07.

thenewatlantis.com

Crawford, Matthew. "Shop Class as Soulcraft". The New Atlantis. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01.

web.archive.org

"Assembler Job Description - How to Become an Assembly Worker". Spherion. Archived from the original on 2020-09-25. Retrieved 2020-03-07.
Ford & Crowther 1922, p. 45 (on line version), p. 80 (print version) Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Musson & Robinson 1969, pp. 491–5 Musson, Albert Edward; Robinson, Eric (1969). Science and Technology in the Industrial Revolution. Manchester University Press. ISBN 978-0-7190-0370-7. Archived from the original on 2021-05-24. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
"Long Shop Museum". Archived from the original on 2015-06-01. Retrieved 2012-12-17.^{[full citation needed]}
Swan, Tony (April 2013). "Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Really Put the World on Wheels". Car and driver. Archived from the original on 19 April 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017.
Weber, Austin (2013-10-01). "The Moving Assembly Line Turns 100". Assembly Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2017-03-26. The assembly line ... was the result of a long period of trial and error. The assembly line wasn't a planned development; rather, it emerged in 1913 from a dynamic situation. People such as Carl Emde, William Klann and William Knudsen all played key roles in early automation efforts at Ford's Highland Park factory. Two individuals were essential to the success of the moving assembly line: Clarence Avery and Charles Sorensen. constant redesign of the Model T. Many components was tweaked regularly to make the vehicle easier to assemble. In 1913 alone, Ford made more than 100 design changes every month. Continuous experimentation was the rule rather than the exception at Ford's Highland Park plant. Ford engineers were constantly redesigning and tweaking jigs and fixtures, and planning new machine tools or fixing old ones, to achieve higher production.
Domm 2009, p. 29 Domm, Robert W. (2009). Michigan Yesterday & Today. Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780760333853. Archived from the original on 2020-08-19. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
Ament, Phil. "Assembly Line History: Invention of the Assembly Line". Ideafinder.com. Archived from the original on 2018-01-17. Retrieved 2011-10-15.
"Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Changed Manufacturing and Society". New York Daily News. October 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 30, 2013. Retrieved August 27, 2017.
"Moving Assembly Line at Ford". This Day in History. The History Channel. Archived from the original on September 15, 2016. Retrieved September 2, 2016.
Weber, Austin (2008-09-02). "How the Model T Was Assembled". Assembly Magazine. Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2017-03-26.
Ford & Crowther 1922, p. 81 Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Ford & Crowther 1922, Chapter IV^{[page needed]} Ford, Henry & Crowther, Samuel (1922). My Life and Work. Garden City, NY: Garden City Publishing. ISBN 0-405-05088-7. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2021-04-21.
Parker 2013, pp. 5–12 Parker, Dana (2013). Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II (Illustrated ed.). Dana T. Parker. ISBN 978-0-9897906-1-1. Archived from the original on 2020-08-06. Retrieved 2020-10-17.
Crawford, Matthew. "Shop Class as Soulcraft". The New Atlantis. Archived from the original on 2013-06-01.
"Leçons d'autogestion" [Autogestion Lessons] (Interview) (in French). Archived from the original on 7 July 2007.