Atacama Desert (English Wikipedia)

Wright, John W., ed. (2006). The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). New York: Penguin Books. pp. 456. ISBN 978-0-14-303820-7.
Mroue, Haas; Schreck, Kristina; Luongo, Michael (2005). Frommer's Argentina & Chile (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-7645-8439-8.

archive.today

Strain, Daniel (6 December 2023). "Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to the first life on Earth". University of Colorado. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

arxiv.org

Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

bbc.co.uk

"Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert Hit By Snow". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Chile desert's super-dry history". BBC News. 8 December 2005. Retrieved 25 April 2010.

berkeley.edu

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"The desert biome". University of California Museum of Paleontology.

books.google.com

Clayton, Lawrence A. (1984). The Bolivarian Nations. The Forum Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-88273-603-7.
St. John, Robert Bruce (1994). The Bolivia-Chile-Peru dispute in the Atacama Desert (Report). International Boundaries Research Unit.

britannica.com

"Atacama | Desert Dwellers, Ancient Cultures & Pre-Columbian Societies | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
"South American Indian | History, Culture & Traditions | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
"War of the Pacific | South American history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

cntraveller.com

"Guide to Atacama Desert". Conde Nast Traveller. Conde Nast. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

colorado.edu

Strain, Daniel (6 December 2023). "Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to the first life on Earth". University of Colorado. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

conicyt.cl

scielo.conicyt.cl

Núñez A., Lautaro; Briones M., Luis (2017). "Tráfico e interacción en el oasis de Pica y la costa arreica en el desierto tarapaqueño (norte de Chile)" [Transit and interacctions between the oasis of Pica and the coast in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)]. Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish). 56 (56): 133–161. doi:10.4067/S0718-10432017000300006.

doi.org

Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [1]
Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Quezada, Jorge; Cerda, José Luis; Jensen, Arturo (2010). "Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile". Andean Geology (in Spanish). 37 (1): 78–109. doi:10.4067/s0718-71062010000100004.
Armijo, Rolando; Lacassin, Robin; Coudurier-Curveur, Aurélie; Carrizo, Daniel (2015). "Coupled tectonic evolution of Andean orogeny and global climate". Earth-Science Reviews. 143: 1–35. Bibcode:2015ESRv..143....1A. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.005.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185: 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.; Lehmann, Sophie B. (1 October 2013). "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 76–90. Bibcode:2013PPP...387...76K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.011. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
Veloso, José Vicencio; Böhm, Christoph; Schween, Jan H.; Löhnert, Ulrich; Crewell, Susanne (2024). "A comparative study of the atmospheric water vapor in the Atacama and Namib Desert". Global and Planetary Change. 232. Bibcode:2024GPC...23204320V. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104320.
Schroder & Makki 2000, p. 4. Schroder, H.; Makki, M. (10 December 2000). "Morfología periglacial del volcán Llullaillaco (Chile/Argentina)". Pirineos (in Spanish). 155: 3–36. doi:10.3989/pirineos.2000.v155.86. ISSN 1988-4281.
Richards & Villeneuve 2001, p. 79. Richards, J.P.; Villeneuve, M. (January 2001). "The Llullaillaco volcano, northwest Argentina: construction by Pleistocene volcanism and destruction by sector collapse". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 105 (1–2): 77–105. Bibcode:2001JVGR..105...77R. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00245-6.
azua-bustos, A. (24 December 2014). "Discovery and microbial content of the driest site of the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 7 (3): 388–94. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12261. PMID 25545388.
Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808): 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.
Thos. Morong. (12 February 1891). "The Flora of the Desert of Atacama". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 18 (2): 39–48. doi:10.2307/2475523. JSTOR 2475523.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.
Núñez A., Lautaro; Briones M., Luis (2017). "Tráfico e interacción en el oasis de Pica y la costa arreica en el desierto tarapaqueño (norte de Chile)" [Transit and interacctions between the oasis of Pica and the coast in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)]. Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish). 56 (56): 133–161. doi:10.4067/S0718-10432017000300006.
Lictevout, Elizabeth; Abellanosa, Carlos; Maass, Constanza; Pérez, Nicolás; Gonzalo, Yáñez; Véronique, Leonardi (2020). "Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer". Andean Geology. 47 (3): 529–558. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3272.
Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

dx.doi.org

Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.

elmostrador.cl

"Inundación en San Pedro de Atacama deja 800 afectados y 13 turistas evacuados". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 11 February 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

eso.org

"Snow Comes to the Atacama Desert". ESO. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
"A trip to Mars". www.eso.org. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
"ALMA Upgrade to Image the Event Horizons of Supermassive Black Holes". ESO Announcement. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
"E-ELT Site Chosen". ESO. 26 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2011.

explorers.org

Wynne, J.J.; Cabrol, N.A.; Chong Diaz, G.; Grin, G.A.; Jhabvala, M.D.; Moersch, J.E.; Titus, T.N. Earth–Mars Cave Detection Program Phase 2 – 2008 Atacama Desert Expedition (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar

INdG 2018, pp. 34–35. Informe de la subcuenca del Salar de Arizaro Cuencas Varias de la Puna (PDF) (Report). Inventario Nacional de Glaciares (in Spanish). May 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
INdG 2018, p. 13. Informe de la subcuenca del Salar de Arizaro Cuencas Varias de la Puna (PDF) (Report). Inventario Nacional de Glaciares (in Spanish). May 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

grist.org

Alarcón, Julia Shipley, Muriel (4 January 2024). "The world's fashion waste ended up in Chile's Atacama Desert". Grist. Retrieved 11 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185: 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Armijo, Rolando; Lacassin, Robin; Coudurier-Curveur, Aurélie; Carrizo, Daniel (2015). "Coupled tectonic evolution of Andean orogeny and global climate". Earth-Science Reviews. 143: 1–35. Bibcode:2015ESRv..143....1A. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.005.
Evenstar, Laura; Mather, Anna; Stuart, Finlay; Cooper, Frances; Sparks, Steve (May 2014). "Geomorphic surfaces and supergene enrichment in Northern Chile". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. Vienna: EGU General Assembly 2014, held 27 April - 2 May 2014: 11126. Bibcode:2014EGUGA..1611126E.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185: 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.; Lehmann, Sophie B. (1 October 2013). "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 76–90. Bibcode:2013PPP...387...76K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.011. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
Veloso, José Vicencio; Böhm, Christoph; Schween, Jan H.; Löhnert, Ulrich; Crewell, Susanne (2024). "A comparative study of the atmospheric water vapor in the Atacama and Namib Desert". Global and Planetary Change. 232. Bibcode:2024GPC...23204320V. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104320.
Richards & Villeneuve 2001, p. 79. Richards, J.P.; Villeneuve, M. (January 2001). "The Llullaillaco volcano, northwest Argentina: construction by Pleistocene volcanism and destruction by sector collapse". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 105 (1–2): 77–105. Bibcode:2001JVGR..105...77R. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00245-6.
Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808): 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.
Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

hawaii.edu

ifa.hawaii.edu

Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.

independent.co.uk

James Vincent (19 June 2014). "European Extremely Large Telescope to break ground (using dynamite) live later today". The Independent.

jstor.org

Thos. Morong. (12 February 1891). "The Flora of the Desert of Atacama". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 18 (2): 39–48. doi:10.2307/2475523. JSTOR 2475523.

lanacion.cl

"Ruíz-Tagle ve difícil que Chile no esté en un nuevo Dakar". La Nacion. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Nueva generación de autos solares son presentados en Chile". La Nacion. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Los autos que competirán en la súper carrera solar de Atacama". La Nacion. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

latercera.com

Yáñez, Cecilia (18 June 2019). "A 28 años del aluvión de Antofagasta, estudio advierte riesgos en zona de La Chimba". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2021.

livescience.com

"Atacama Desert Blooms Pink After Historic Rainfall (Photos)". LiveScience.com. 29 October 2015.

mercurioantofagasta.cl

Melin, Jorge (15 June 2002). "Las heridas del aluvión". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2021.

mercuriocalama.cl

"El aluvión de Antofagasta y la solidaridad de loinos". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.

mop.gob.cl

snia.mop.gob.cl

Valdés Cantallops 2002, pp. 20–21. Valdés Cantallops, Javier (2002). Inventario de glaciares, entre los 18o y 32o de latitud sur : informe final de práctica (PDF) (Report) (in Spanish). DGA. pp. 20–21.

msu.ru

site2010.sai.msu.ru

"Comprehensive characterization of astronomical sites". Retrieved 4 October 2011.

musc.edu

"Exploring the Atacama". yes. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

nasa.gov

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Rare snow in the Atacama Desert: Image of the Day". NASA. 13 July 2011.

quest.nasa.gov

Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.

nationalgeographic.com

news.nationalgeographic.com

Handwerk, Brian (23 October 2006). "Viking Mission May Have Missed Mars Life, Study Finds". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 6 November 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
Minard, Anne (25 June 2007). "Giant Penguins Once Roamed Peru, Fossils Show". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

ngm.nationalgeographic.com

Vesilind, Priit J. (August 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2013. (Excerpt)

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
azua-bustos, A. (24 December 2014). "Discovery and microbial content of the driest site of the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 7 (3): 388–94. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12261. PMID 25545388.
Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808): 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808): 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.

ourplnt.com

"Top 10 driest places on Earth". Our Planet. 9 November 2015.

pawnation.com

animals.pawnation.com

Monique Bos. "Animals that live in the Atacama Desert". Paw Nation. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.

pdx.edu

pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu

Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.

sciencedirect.com

Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185: 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.; Lehmann, Sophie B. (1 October 2013). "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 76–90. Bibcode:2013PPP...387...76K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.011. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Veloso, José Vicencio; Böhm, Christoph; Schween, Jan H.; Löhnert, Ulrich; Crewell, Susanne (2024). "A comparative study of the atmospheric water vapor in the Atacama and Namib Desert". Global and Planetary Change. 232. Bibcode:2024GPC...23204320V. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104320.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185: 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.
Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

smithsonianmag.com

Erin Blakemore. "The World's Driest Desert Is in Breathtaking Bloom". Smithsonian.
Schilling, Govert. "An Astronomer's Paradise, Chile May Be the Best Place on Earth to Enjoy a Starry Sky". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 2 November 2021.

space.com

Thompson, Andrea (5 August 2008). "Scientists Set Record Straight on Martian Salt Find". Space.com. Retrieved 6 August 2008.

technocrazed.com

"Top 10 Atacama Desert Facts That Every Tourist Must Know". Retrieved 19 November 2015.

thisischile.cl

"Tourism in San Pedro de Atacama restricted by floods". This is Chile. 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Dakar Rally event 2013 to culminate in Chilean capital". yes. This is Chile. 26 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

ub.edu

revistes.ub.edu

Castro Castro, Luis (1 July 2020). "El bosque de la Pampa del Tamarugal y la industria salitrera: El problema de la deforestación, los proyectos para su manejo sustentable y el debate político (Tarapacá, Peru-Chile 1829-1941)" [The Forest of Pampa del Tamarugal and the Saltpeter Industry: The Deforestation Problem, the Projects for their Sustainable Management and the Political Debate (Tarapacá, Perú-Chile 1829-1941)]. Scripta Nova (in Spanish). XXIV (641). Universitat de Barcelona.

unesco.org

Sanz, Nuria; Arriaza, Bernardo T.; Standen, Vivien G., The Chinchorro Culture: A Comparative Perspective. The archaeology of the earliest human mummification. UNESCO Office Mexico; Universidad de Tarapacá (Chile); National Monuments Council (Chile) Paris, UNESCO, 2014

uv.cl

dfa.uv.cl

"Conference Astronomical Site Testing Data in Chile". Retrieved 4 October 2011.^{[permanent dead link‍]}

volcanomarathon.com

Volcano Marathon Volcanomarathon.com. Retrieved 18 November 2015.

washingtonpost.com

Achenbach, Joel (21 February 2023). "Strange DNA found in the desert offers lessons in the hunt for Mars life". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 February 2023.

web.archive.org

Handwerk, Brian (23 October 2006). "Viking Mission May Have Missed Mars Life, Study Finds". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 6 November 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
Minard, Anne (25 June 2007). "Giant Penguins Once Roamed Peru, Fossils Show". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
"Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert Hit By Snow". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.
Vesilind, Priit J. (August 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2013. (Excerpt)
Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
Wynne, J.J.; Cabrol, N.A.; Chong Diaz, G.; Grin, G.A.; Jhabvala, M.D.; Moersch, J.E.; Titus, T.N. Earth–Mars Cave Detection Program Phase 2 – 2008 Atacama Desert Expedition (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
"El aluvión de Antofagasta y la solidaridad de loinos". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
"Inundación en San Pedro de Atacama deja 800 afectados y 13 turistas evacuados". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 11 February 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Tourism in San Pedro de Atacama restricted by floods". This is Chile. 15 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
Monique Bos. "Animals that live in the Atacama Desert". Paw Nation. Archived from the original on 2 January 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2013.
"Exploring the Atacama". yes. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Ruíz-Tagle ve difícil que Chile no esté en un nuevo Dakar". La Nacion. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Dakar Rally event 2013 to culminate in Chilean capital". yes. This is Chile. 26 March 2012. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Nueva generación de autos solares son presentados en Chile". La Nacion. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Los autos que competirán en la súper carrera solar de Atacama". La Nacion. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Guide to Atacama Desert". Conde Nast Traveller. Conde Nast. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

wondermondo.com

"Yungay - the driest place in the world |". www.wondermondo.com. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 6 May 2017.

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.
Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
Schroder & Makki 2000, p. 4. Schroder, H.; Makki, M. (10 December 2000). "Morfología periglacial del volcán Llullaillaco (Chile/Argentina)". Pirineos (in Spanish). 155: 3–36. doi:10.3989/pirineos.2000.v155.86. ISSN 1988-4281.

worldwildlife.org

"Atacama desert". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 11 March 2008.

yahoo.com

news.yahoo.com

Toll, Rosser (3 October 2011). "In Chile desert, huge telescope begins galaxy probe". AFP. Retrieved 3 October 2011.

zoom-maps.com

southamerica.zoom-maps.com

South America physical map