Atacama Desert (English Wikipedia)

Wright, John W., ed. (2006). The New York Times Almanac (2007 ed.). New York: Penguin Books. pp. 456. ISBN 978-0-14-303820-7.
Mroue, Haas; Schreck, Kristina; Luongo, Michael (2005). Frommer's Argentina & Chile (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ [u.a.]: Wiley. p. 308. ISBN 978-0-7645-8439-8.

archive.today (Global: 14^th place; English: 14^th place)

Strain, Daniel (6 December 2023). "Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to the first life on Earth". University of Colorado. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

arxiv.org (Global: 69^th place; English: 59^th place)

Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

bbc.co.uk (Global: 8^th place; English: 10^th place)

bbc.co.uk

"Hyper-Arid Atacama Desert Hit By Snow". BBC News. 7 July 2011. Archived from the original on 8 July 2011. Retrieved 7 July 2011.

news.bbc.co.uk

"Chile desert's super-dry history". BBC News. 8 December 2005. Retrieved 25 April 2010.

berkeley.edu (Global: 580^th place; English: 462^nd place)

ucmp.berkeley.edu

"The desert biome". University of California Museum of Paleontology.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Clayton, Lawrence A. (1984). The Bolivarian Nations. The Forum Press. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-88273-603-7.
St. John, Robert Bruce (1994). The Bolivia-Chile-Peru dispute in the Atacama Desert (Report). International Boundaries Research Unit.

britannica.com (Global: 40^th place; English: 58^th place)

"Atacama | Desert Dwellers, Ancient Cultures & Pre-Columbian Societies | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
"South American Indian | History, Culture & Traditions | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 30 August 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
"War of the Pacific | South American history". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 27 September 2018.

cntraveller.com (Global: low place; English: 7,432^nd place)

"Guide to Atacama Desert". Conde Nast Traveller. Conde Nast. 11 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 April 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

colorado.edu (Global: 2,526^th place; English: 1,796^th place)

Strain, Daniel (6 December 2023). "Deep within an inhospitable desert, a window to the first life on Earth". University of Colorado. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.

conicyt.cl (Global: 6,726^th place; English: low place)

scielo.conicyt.cl

Núñez A., Lautaro; Briones M., Luis (2017). "Tráfico e interacción en el oasis de Pica y la costa arreica en el desierto tarapaqueño (norte de Chile)" [Transit and interacctions between the oasis of Pica and the coast in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)]. Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish). 56 (56): 133–161. doi:10.4067/S0718-10432017000300006.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

doi.org

Eric Dinerstein, David Olson, et al. (2017). An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm, BioScience, Volume 67, Issue 6, June 2017, Pages 534–545; Supplemental material 2 table S1b. [1]
Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Quezada, Jorge; Cerda, José Luis; Jensen, Arturo (2010). "Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile". Andean Geology (in Spanish). 37 (1): 78–109. Bibcode:2010AndGe..37a...4Q. doi:10.4067/s0718-71062010000100004.
Armijo, Rolando; Lacassin, Robin; Coudurier-Curveur, Aurélie; Carrizo, Daniel (2015). "Coupled tectonic evolution of Andean orogeny and global climate". Earth-Science Reviews. 143: 1–35. Bibcode:2015ESRv..143....1A. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.005.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.; Lehmann, Sophie B. (1 October 2013). "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 76–90. Bibcode:2013PPP...387...76K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.011. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
Veloso, José Vicencio; Böhm, Christoph; Schween, Jan H.; Löhnert, Ulrich; Crewell, Susanne (2024). "A comparative study of the atmospheric water vapor in the Atacama and Namib Desert". Global and Planetary Change. 232 104320. Bibcode:2024GPC...23204320V. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104320.
Schroder & Makki 2000, p. 4. Schroder, H.; Makki, M. (10 December 2000). "Morfología periglacial del volcán Llullaillaco (Chile/Argentina)". Pirineos (in Spanish). 155: 3–36. doi:10.3989/pirineos.2000.v155.86. ISSN 1988-4281.
Richards & Villeneuve 2001, p. 79. Richards, J.P.; Villeneuve, M. (January 2001). "The Llullaillaco volcano, northwest Argentina: construction by Pleistocene volcanism and destruction by sector collapse". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 105 (1–2): 77–105. Bibcode:2001JVGR..105...77R. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00245-6.
azua-bustos, A. (24 December 2014). "Discovery and microbial content of the driest site of the hyperarid Atacama Desert, Chile". Environmental Microbiology Reports. 7 (3): 388–94. doi:10.1111/1758-2229.12261. PMID 25545388.
Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808) 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.
Thos. Morong. (12 February 1891). "The Flora of the Desert of Atacama". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 18 (2): 39–48. doi:10.2307/2475523. JSTOR 2475523.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.
Núñez A., Lautaro; Briones M., Luis (2017). "Tráfico e interacción en el oasis de Pica y la costa arreica en el desierto tarapaqueño (norte de Chile)" [Transit and interacctions between the oasis of Pica and the coast in the Atacama Desert (northern Chile)]. Estudios Atacameños (in Spanish). 56 (56): 133–161. doi:10.4067/S0718-10432017000300006.
Lictevout, Elizabeth; Abellanosa, Carlos; Maass, Constanza; Pérez, Nicolás; Gonzalo, Yáñez; Véronique, Leonardi (2020). "Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer". Andean Geology. 47 (3): 529–558. Bibcode:2020AndGe..47..529L. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3272.
Álvarez, Fernanda; Reich, Martin; Pérez-Fodich, Alida; Snyder, Glen; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Vargas, Gabriel; Fehn, Udo (2015). "Sources, sinks and long-term cycling of iodine in the hyperarid Atacama continental margin". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 161: 50–70. Bibcode:2015GeCoA.161...50A. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.032. hdl:10533/238107.
Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

dx.doi.org

Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.

elmostrador.cl (Global: 4,437^th place; English: low place)

"Inundación en San Pedro de Atacama deja 800 afectados y 13 turistas evacuados". El Mostrador (in Spanish). 11 February 2012. Archived from the original on 31 May 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

elpais.com (Global: 84^th place; English: 370^th place)

cincodias.elpais.com

DÍAS, CINCO (23 September 2024). "Grenergy invierte 128 millones para duplicar su generación de fotovoltaica en el Oasis de Atacama". Cinco Días (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 December 2024.

elperiodicodelaenergia.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Redacción13/09/2024 (13 September 2024). "Grenergy y BYD amplían su acuerdo de baterías hasta los 3GWh para Oasis de Atacama". El Periódico de la Energía (in Spanish). Retrieved 11 December 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

eso.org (Global: 3,034^th place; English: 2,650^th place)

"Snow Comes to the Atacama Desert". ESO. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
"A trip to Mars". www.eso.org. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
"ALMA Upgrade to Image the Event Horizons of Supermassive Black Holes". ESO Announcement. Retrieved 10 June 2014.
"E-ELT Site Chosen". ESO. 26 April 2010. Retrieved 29 April 2011.

explorers.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Wynne, J.J.; Cabrol, N.A.; Chong Diaz, G.; Grin, G.A.; Jhabvala, M.D.; Moersch, J.E.; Titus, T.N. Earth–Mars Cave Detection Program Phase 2 – 2008 Atacama Desert Expedition (PDF) (Report). Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 September 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

floodlist.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Chile – 6 Dead, Hundreds of Homes Destroyed After Floods in North – FloodList". floodlist.com. Retrieved 12 August 2025.

glaciaresargentinos.gob.ar (Global: low place; English: low place)

INdG 2018, pp. 34–35. Informe de la subcuenca del Salar de Arizaro Cuencas Varias de la Puna (PDF) (Report). Inventario Nacional de Glaciares (in Spanish). May 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
INdG 2018, p. 13. Informe de la subcuenca del Salar de Arizaro Cuencas Varias de la Puna (PDF) (Report). Inventario Nacional de Glaciares (in Spanish). May 2018. Retrieved 23 March 2024.

grist.org (Global: low place; English: 6,000^th place)

Alarcón, Julia Shipley, Muriel (4 January 2024). "The world's fashion waste ended up in Chile's Atacama Desert". Grist. Retrieved 11 February 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

handle.net (Global: 102^nd place; English: 76^th place)

hdl.handle.net

Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Álvarez, Fernanda; Reich, Martin; Pérez-Fodich, Alida; Snyder, Glen; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Vargas, Gabriel; Fehn, Udo (2015). "Sources, sinks and long-term cycling of iodine in the hyperarid Atacama continental margin". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 161: 50–70. Bibcode:2015GeCoA.161...50A. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.032. hdl:10533/238107.

harvard.edu (Global: 18^th place; English: 17^th place)

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Quezada, Jorge; Cerda, José Luis; Jensen, Arturo (2010). "Efectos de la tectónica y el clima en la configuración morfológica del relieve costero del norte de Chile". Andean Geology (in Spanish). 37 (1): 78–109. Bibcode:2010AndGe..37a...4Q. doi:10.4067/s0718-71062010000100004.
Armijo, Rolando; Lacassin, Robin; Coudurier-Curveur, Aurélie; Carrizo, Daniel (2015). "Coupled tectonic evolution of Andean orogeny and global climate". Earth-Science Reviews. 143: 1–35. Bibcode:2015ESRv..143....1A. doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2015.01.005.
Evenstar, Laura; Mather, Anna; Stuart, Finlay; Cooper, Frances; Sparks, Steve (May 2014). "Geomorphic surfaces and supergene enrichment in Northern Chile". EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts. Vienna: EGU General Assembly 2014, held 27 April - 2 May 2014: 11126. Bibcode:2014EGUGA..1611126E.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
Dunai, Tibor J.; González López, Gabriel A.; Juez-Larré, Joaquim (2005). "Oligocene–Miocene age of aridity in the Atacama Desert revealed by exposure dating of erosion-sensitive landforms". Geology. 33 (4): 321. Bibcode:2005Geo....33..321D. doi:10.1130/g21184.1. ISSN 0091-7613.
Medialdea, Alicia; May, Simon Matthias; Brill, Dominik; King, Georgina; Ritter, Benedikt; Wennrich, Volker; Bartz, Melanie; Zander, Anja; Kuiper, Klaudia; Hurtado, Santiago; Hoffmeister, Dirk; Schulte, Philipp; Gröbner, Marie; Opitz, Stephan; Brückner, Helmut; Bubenzer, Olaf (January 2020). "Identification of humid periods in the Atacama Desert through hillslope activity established by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) dating". Global and Planetary Change. 185 103086. Bibcode:2020GPC...18503086M. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.103086. hdl:1871.1/b0bea7ff-0aa7-4901-b17a-5b5bc285768d. S2CID 214198721. Retrieved 13 November 2022.
Kirk-Lawlor, Naomi E.; Jordan, Teresa E.; Rech, Jason A.; Lehmann, Sophie B. (1 October 2013). "Late Miocene to Early Pliocene paleohydrology and landscape evolution of Northern Chile, 19° to 20° S". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 387: 76–90. Bibcode:2013PPP...387...76K. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.07.011. Retrieved 15 November 2022.
Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.
Veloso, José Vicencio; Böhm, Christoph; Schween, Jan H.; Löhnert, Ulrich; Crewell, Susanne (2024). "A comparative study of the atmospheric water vapor in the Atacama and Namib Desert". Global and Planetary Change. 232 104320. Bibcode:2024GPC...23204320V. doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2023.104320.
Richards & Villeneuve 2001, p. 79. Richards, J.P.; Villeneuve, M. (January 2001). "The Llullaillaco volcano, northwest Argentina: construction by Pleistocene volcanism and destruction by sector collapse". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 105 (1–2): 77–105. Bibcode:2001JVGR..105...77R. doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00245-6.
Azua-Bustos, Armando; et al. (21 February 2023). "Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits". Nature Communications. 14 (808) 808. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..808A. doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36172-1. PMC 9944251. PMID 36810853.
Claudio M. Escobar; et al. (March 2003). "Chemical Composition of Precloacal Secretions of Two Liolaemus fabiani Populations: Are They Different?". Diary of Chemical Ecology. 29 (3): 629–638. Bibcode:2003JCEco..29..629E. doi:10.1023/A:1022858919037. PMID 12757324. S2CID 12330002.
Lictevout, Elizabeth; Abellanosa, Carlos; Maass, Constanza; Pérez, Nicolás; Gonzalo, Yáñez; Véronique, Leonardi (2020). "Exploration, mapping and characterization of filtration galleries of the Pica Oasis, northern Chile: A contribution to the knowledge of the Pica aquifer". Andean Geology. 47 (3): 529–558. Bibcode:2020AndGe..47..529L. doi:10.5027/andgeoV47n3-3272.
Álvarez, Fernanda; Reich, Martin; Pérez-Fodich, Alida; Snyder, Glen; Muramatsu, Yasuyuki; Vargas, Gabriel; Fehn, Udo (2015). "Sources, sinks and long-term cycling of iodine in the hyperarid Atacama continental margin". Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 161: 50–70. Bibcode:2015GeCoA.161...50A. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2015.03.032. hdl:10533/238107.
Bustos, R.; Rubio, M.; et al. (2014). "Parque Astronómico de Atacama: An Ideal Site for Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Mid-Infrared Astronomy". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 126 (946): 1126. arXiv:1410.2451. Bibcode:2014PASP..126.1126B. doi:10.1086/679330. S2CID 118539242.

hawaii.edu (Global: 1,308^th place; English: 924^th place)

ifa.hawaii.edu

Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.

independent.co.uk (Global: 36^th place; English: 33^rd place)

James Vincent (19 June 2014). "European Extremely Large Telescope to break ground (using dynamite) live later today". The Independent.

jstor.org (Global: 26^th place; English: 20^th place)

Thos. Morong. (12 February 1891). "The Flora of the Desert of Atacama". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 18 (2): 39–48. doi:10.2307/2475523. JSTOR 2475523.

lanacion.cl (Global: 6,012^th place; English: low place)

"Ruíz-Tagle ve difícil que Chile no esté en un nuevo Dakar". La Nacion. 21 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Nueva generación de autos solares son presentados en Chile". La Nacion. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
"Los autos que competirán en la súper carrera solar de Atacama". La Nacion. 8 November 2012. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

latercera.com (Global: 947^th place; English: 2,635^th place)

Yáñez, Cecilia (18 June 2019). "A 28 años del aluvión de Antofagasta, estudio advierte riesgos en zona de La Chimba". La Tercera (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2021.

livescience.com (Global: 1,190^th place; English: 959^th place)

"Atacama Desert Blooms Pink After Historic Rainfall (Photos)". LiveScience.com. 29 October 2015.

mercurioantofagasta.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

Melin, Jorge (15 June 2002). "Las heridas del aluvión". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). Retrieved 18 June 2021.

mercuriocalama.cl (Global: low place; English: low place)

"El aluvión de Antofagasta y la solidaridad de loinos". El Mercurio de Antofagasta (in Spanish). 18 June 2007. Archived from the original on 26 June 2021. Retrieved 18 June 2021.

msu.ru (Global: 1,129^th place; English: 6,103^rd place)

site2010.sai.msu.ru

"Comprehensive characterization of astronomical sites". Retrieved 4 October 2011.

musc.edu (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Exploring the Atacama". yes. Archived from the original on 17 January 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2012.

nasa.gov (Global: 75^th place; English: 83^rd place)

earthobservatory.nasa.gov

"Rare snow in the Atacama Desert: Image of the Day". NASA. 13 July 2011.
"Atacama Greening". www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov. 2 May 2019. Retrieved 12 August 2025.

quest.nasa.gov

Jonathan D. A. Clarke (2006). "Antiquity of aridity in the Chilean Atacama Desert" (PDF). Geomorphology. 73 (1–2): 101–114. Bibcode:2006Geomo..73..101C. doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2005.06.008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2015.

nasa.gov

"Extreme Weather in Chile Causing Catastrophic Fires - NASA". Retrieved 12 August 2025.

nationalgeographic.com (Global: 344^th place; English: 296^th place)

news.nationalgeographic.com

Handwerk, Brian (23 October 2006). "Viking Mission May Have Missed Mars Life, Study Finds". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 6 November 2006. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
Minard, Anne (25 June 2007). "Giant Penguins Once Roamed Peru, Fossils Show". National Geographic News. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 28 June 2007. Retrieved 3 April 2013.

ngm.nationalgeographic.com

Vesilind, Priit J. (August 2003). "The Driest Place on Earth". National Geographic Magazine. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 2 April 2013. (Excerpt)

nih.gov (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Clow GD, McKay CP, Simmons Jr GM, Wharton Jr RA (1988). "Climatological observations and predicted sublimation rates at Lake Hoare, Antarctica". Journal of Climate. 1 (7): 715–728. Bibcode:1988JCli....1..715C. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1988)001<0715:COAPSR>2.0.CO;2. PMID 11538066.
Mckay, Christopher P. (2003). "Temperature and Moisture Conditions for Life in the Extreme Arid Region of the Atacama Desert: Four Years of Observations Including the El Niño of 1997–1998" (PDF). Astrobiology. 3 (2): 393–406. Bibcode:2003AsBio...3..393M. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.516.2293. doi:10.1089/153110703769016460. PMID 14577886.
Navarro-Gonzalez, R. (7 November 2003). "Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the Dry Limit of Microbial Life". Science. 302 (5647): 1018–1021. Bibcode:2003Sci...302.1018N. doi:10.1126/science.1089143. PMID 14605363. S2CID 18220447.
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Porazinska DL, Fountain AG, Nylen TH, Tranter M, Virginia RA, Wall DH (2004). "The biodiversity and biogeochemistry of cryoconite holes from McMurdo Dry Valley glaciers, Antarctica". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 36 (1): 84–91. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0084:TBABOC]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1523-0430. S2CID 35782175.
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