Atropa belladonna (English Wikipedia)

Robert S. Holzman, MD (July 1998). "The Legacy of Atropos". Anesthesiology. 89 (1): 241–249. doi:10.1097/00000542-199807000-00030. PMID 9667313. S2CID 28327277. Retrieved 2007-05-21. citing J. Arena, Poisoning: Toxicology-Symptoms-Treatments, 3rd edition. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1974, p 345

archive.org

Potter, Samuel O.L. (1893). A Handbook of Materia Medica Pharmacy and Therapeutics. London: P. Blakiston's. pp. 53. the antidote for belladonna is physostigmine or pilocarpine the same as for atropine.
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Potter, Samuel O. L. (1893). A Handbook of Materia Medica Pharmacy and Therapeutics. London: P. Blakiston's. pp. 53. the antidote for belladonna is physostigmine or pilocarpine the same as for atropine.
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Schultes, Richard Evans (1976). Hallucinogenic Plants. Illustrated by Elmer W. Smith. New York: Golden Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-307-24362-1.
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Kennedy, David O. (2014). "The Deliriants - The Nightshade (Solanaceae) Family". Plants and the Human Brain. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 131–137. ISBN 9780199914012. LCCN 2013031617. Archived from the original on 2023-04-22. Retrieved 2021-09-17.
Kuhn, Cynthia; Swartzwelder, Scott; Wilson, Wilkie; Wilson, Leigh Heather; Foster, Jeremy (2008). Buzzed. The Straight Facts about the Most Used and Abused Drugs from Alcohol to Ecstasy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-393-32985-8.
Heinrich Friedrich Georg Mein (1833). "Ueber die Darstellung des Atropins in weissen Kristallen" [On the preparation of atropine as white crystals]. Annalen der Pharmacie (in German). Vol. 6 (1 ed.). pp. 67–72. Archived from the original on 2023-01-12. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
Atropine was also independently isolated in 1833 by Geiger and Hesse:
- Geiger; Hesse (1833). "Darstellung des Atropins" [Preparation of atropine]. Annalen der Pharmacie (in German). Vol. 5. pp. 43–81. Archived from the original on 2023-01-12. Retrieved 2020-01-15.
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Ulbricht, C; Basch, E; Hammerness, P; Vora, M; Wylie Jr, J; Woods, J (2004). "An evidence-based systematic review of belladonna by the natural standard research collaboration" (PDF). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 4 (4): 61–90. doi:10.1080/J157v04n04_06. PMID 15927926. S2CID 218876043. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Linné, Carl von; Salvius, Lars (1753). Caroli Linnaei ... Species plantarum :exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... Holmiae: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.669.
Fatur, Karsten (June 2020). ""Headless Her still in ICU at A time" in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe". Economic Botany. 74 (2): 140–158. Bibcode:2020EcBot..74..140F. doi:10.1007/s12231-020-09498-w. ISSN 0013-0001. S2CID 220844064.
Tombs S, Silverman I (2004). "Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach". Evolution and Human Behavior. 25 (4): 211–228. Bibcode:2004EHumB..25..221T. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.05.001.
Robert S. Holzman, MD (July 1998). "The Legacy of Atropos". Anesthesiology. 89 (1): 241–249. doi:10.1097/00000542-199807000-00030. PMID 9667313. S2CID 28327277. Retrieved 2007-05-21. citing J. Arena, Poisoning: Toxicology-Symptoms-Treatments, 3rd edition. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1974, p 345
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (2021-02-22). Mehanathan, Muthamilarasan (ed.). "Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (2): e0247688. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647688F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247688. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7899348. PMID 33617573.
Stepp JR (June 2004). "The role of weeds as sources of pharmaceuticals". J Ethnopharmacol. 92 (2–3): 163–6. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.002. PMID 15137997.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Mateo Montoya A, Mavrakanas N, Schutz JS (2009). "Acute anticholinergic syndrome from Atropa belladonna mistaken for blueberries". Eur J Ophthalmol. 19 (1): 170–2. doi:10.1177/112067210901900130. PMID 19123171. S2CID 9387171.
Fatur, Karsten (2021-01-07). Bussmann, Rainer W. (ed.). "Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (1): e0245022. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1645022F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245022. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7790546. PMID 33412556.
Micke MM (October 1996). "The case of hallucinogenic plants and the Internet". J Sch Health. 66 (8): 277–80. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1996.tb03397.x. PMID 8899584.
Cummins BM, Obetz SW, Wilson MR (June 1968). "Belladonna poisoning as a facet of pschyodelia". JAMA. 204 (11): 1011. doi:10.1001/jama.204.11.1011. PMID 5694682.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Hardy TK, Wakely D (1962). "The amnesic properties of hyoscine and atropine in pre-anæsthetic medication". Anaesthesia. 17 (3): 331–336. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1962.tb13473.x. PMID 13904669. S2CID 46569975.

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Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.

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Gerarde, John; Johnson, Thomas (1633). "Volume 2, Chapter 56". The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes (in Latin and English). London: Norton and Whitake. Retrieved 19 January 2025. ...in English, Dwale, or sleeping Nightshade: the Venetians and Italians call it Belladona:...

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Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten (June 2020). ""Headless Her still in ICU at A time" in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe". Economic Botany. 74 (2): 140–158. Bibcode:2020EcBot..74..140F. doi:10.1007/s12231-020-09498-w. ISSN 0013-0001. S2CID 220844064.
Tombs S, Silverman I (2004). "Pupillometry: A sexual selection approach". Evolution and Human Behavior. 25 (4): 211–228. Bibcode:2004EHumB..25..221T. doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2004.05.001.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (2021-02-22). Mehanathan, Muthamilarasan (ed.). "Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (2): e0247688. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647688F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247688. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7899348. PMID 33617573.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
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Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.

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Ulbricht, C; Basch, E; Hammerness, P; Vora, M; Wylie Jr, J; Woods, J (2004). "An evidence-based systematic review of belladonna by the natural standard research collaboration" (PDF). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 4 (4): 61–90. doi:10.1080/J157v04n04_06. PMID 15927926. S2CID 218876043. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Robert S. Holzman, MD (July 1998). "The Legacy of Atropos". Anesthesiology. 89 (1): 241–249. doi:10.1097/00000542-199807000-00030. PMID 9667313. S2CID 28327277. Retrieved 2007-05-21. citing J. Arena, Poisoning: Toxicology-Symptoms-Treatments, 3rd edition. Springfield, Charles C. Thomas, 1974, p 345
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (2021-02-22). Mehanathan, Muthamilarasan (ed.). "Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (2): e0247688. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647688F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247688. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7899348. PMID 33617573.
Stepp JR (June 2004). "The role of weeds as sources of pharmaceuticals". J Ethnopharmacol. 92 (2–3): 163–6. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2004.03.002. PMID 15137997.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Lee MR (March 2007). "Solanaceae IV: Atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade" (PDF). J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 37 (1): 77–84. PMID 17575737. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
Mateo Montoya A, Mavrakanas N, Schutz JS (2009). "Acute anticholinergic syndrome from Atropa belladonna mistaken for blueberries". Eur J Ophthalmol. 19 (1): 170–2. doi:10.1177/112067210901900130. PMID 19123171. S2CID 9387171.
Fatur, Karsten (2021-01-07). Bussmann, Rainer W. (ed.). "Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (1): e0245022. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1645022F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245022. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7790546. PMID 33412556.
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Cummins BM, Obetz SW, Wilson MR (June 1968). "Belladonna poisoning as a facet of pschyodelia". JAMA. 204 (11): 1011. doi:10.1001/jama.204.11.1011. PMID 5694682.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
Hardy TK, Wakely D (1962). "The amnesic properties of hyoscine and atropine in pre-anæsthetic medication". Anaesthesia. 17 (3): 331–336. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1962.tb13473.x. PMID 13904669. S2CID 46569975.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (2021-02-22). Mehanathan, Muthamilarasan (ed.). "Nixing the nightshades: Traditional knowledge of intoxicating members of the Solanaceae among hallucinogenic plant and mushroom users in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (2): e0247688. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1647688F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0247688. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7899348. PMID 33617573.
Fatur, Karsten (2021-01-07). Bussmann, Rainer W. (ed.). "Peculiar plants and fantastic fungi: An ethnobotanical study of the use of hallucinogenic plants and mushrooms in Slovenia". PLOS ONE. 16 (1): e0245022. Bibcode:2021PLoSO..1645022F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0245022. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 7790546. PMID 33412556.

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Ulbricht, C; Basch, E; Hammerness, P; Vora, M; Wylie Jr, J; Woods, J (2004). "An evidence-based systematic review of belladonna by the natural standard research collaboration" (PDF). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 4 (4): 61–90. doi:10.1080/J157v04n04_06. PMID 15927926. S2CID 218876043. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2017-10-17.

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Lee MR (March 2007). "Solanaceae IV: Atropa belladonna, deadly nightshade" (PDF). J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 37 (1): 77–84. PMID 17575737. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-10-17. Retrieved 2008-07-07.

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Ulbricht, C; Basch, E; Hammerness, P; Vora, M; Wylie Jr, J; Woods, J (2004). "An evidence-based systematic review of belladonna by the natural standard research collaboration" (PDF). Journal of Herbal Pharmacotherapy. 4 (4): 61–90. doi:10.1080/J157v04n04_06. PMID 15927926. S2CID 218876043. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 2017-10-17.
Fatur, Karsten; Kreft, Samo (April 2020). "Common anticholinergic solanaceaous plants of temperate Europe - A review of intoxications from the literature (1966–2018)". Toxicon. 177: 52–88. Bibcode:2020Txcn..177...52F. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.005. PMID 32217234. S2CID 213559151. Archived from the original on 2022-05-24. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
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Fatur, Karsten (June 2020). ""Headless Her still in ICU at A time" in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe". Economic Botany. 74 (2): 140–158. Bibcode:2020EcBot..74..140F. doi:10.1007/s12231-020-09498-w. ISSN 0013-0001. S2CID 220844064.
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