Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Attacks on parachutists" in English language version.
Readers familiar with American military aviation may have heard of the legendary Vietnamese ace, Col. Toon (or Col. Tomb). Why is he not listed here? Because, he was precisely that, "legendary"... he was a figment of the American fighter pilots' imagination and ready room chatter. (In fairness to the Americans, "Col. Toon" may have been shorthand for any good Vietnamese pilot, like any solo nighttime nuisance bomber in WW2 was called "Washing Machine Charlie.")
The existence of Colonel Toon in the mind of an American pilot may have provided a psychological comfort zone if a North Vietnamese pilot should out-fly him or, even worse, shoot him down... Why does this controversy – and others like it – continue to plague the memory of the Vietnam War? Possibly because losing a war is psychologically devastating... Toon may not exist, but what he represents as a way of dealing with the psychological trauma of warfare, is all too real.
Some sources have argued that the famous North Vietnamese flier was a complete fabrication. Hanoi propagandists supposedly conjured up the deadly ace to bolster morale on the home front or possibly to scare American pilots. Others claim that the mythical pilot wasn't a concoction of enemy publicists at all, but rather a figment of American pilots' imaginations.
民國二十六年九月十九日八時許，日軍以艦上輕轟炸機、水上偵察機、單翼驅逐機約三十架空襲南京，我機二十一架自句容、南京各地起飛迎擊。九時許，第十七隊副隊長黃新瑞率波因機五架，在句容上空與敵水機八架遭遇，展開格鬥，互有傷亡。烈士駕一七○一號機與敵纏鬥中，負重傷。跳傘後復被敵機三架追蹤射擊，墜於江寧縣境西成鄉陣亡。
When did World War II begin? Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began answers that question in a way most audiences will find surprising. Americans might say December 7, 1941… The day the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For Europeans, it was September 1, 1939… When Nazi Germany invaded Poland. But in China, people will tell you a different date. August 13, 1937.
Both crew were seen to eject and to land only about 100 yards apart. Lt Rudloff was temporarily blinded during the incident and was taken to the Hanoi Hilton but he had no further direct contact with his pilot... A report that Cdr Blackburn committed suicide by swallowing a cyanide pill circulated after the prisoners returned from Hanoi, but this seems fanciful and cannot be substantiated. His remains were handed over by the Vietnamese government on 10 April 1986 and positively identified in November of that year.
When did World War II begin? Shanghai 1937: Where World War II Began answers that question in a way most audiences will find surprising. Americans might say December 7, 1941… The day the Japanese Imperial Navy attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. For Europeans, it was September 1, 1939… When Nazi Germany invaded Poland. But in China, people will tell you a different date. August 13, 1937.
九月二十六日起，日機來襲時改用新戰術，每次出動大編隊時轟炸機都有驅逐機護衛而來，我機一數量上雖處於劣勢，但當時仍舊起飛應戰。黃新瑞有次單機挑戰日本「九五」式驅逐機三架，利用波音機爬高優越特性，上下翻騰苦戰不已，但卒因眾我寡，難擺脫左、右、上、下敵機夾擊，座機油箱中彈起火，無奈之下纔棄機跳傘，但鑑於日前同僚劉蘭清因開傘過早，吊在空中被殘暴日軍竟視作活靶，慘被射死教訓，故直至傘離地面很低時才開傘，最後才未遭日軍毒手。
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)九月二十六日起，日機來襲時改用新戰術，每次出動大編隊時轟炸機都有驅逐機護衛而來，我機一數量上雖處於劣勢，但當時仍舊起飛應戰。黃新瑞有次單機挑戰日本「九五」式驅逐機三架，利用波音機爬高優越特性，上下翻騰苦戰不已，但卒因眾我寡，難擺脫左、右、上、下敵機夾擊，座機油箱中彈起火，無奈之下纔棄機跳傘，但鑑於日前同僚劉蘭清因開傘過早，吊在空中被殘暴日軍竟視作活靶，慘被射死教訓，故直至傘離地面很低時才開傘，最後才未遭日軍毒手。
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)