Augustin-Jean Fresnel (English Wikipedia)

Opening sentence in E.M. Antoniadi, "Le centenaire d'Augustin Fresnel", L'Astronomie (Paris), vol. 41, pp. 241–246 (June 1927), translated as "The centenary of Augustin Fresnel" in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1927, pp. 217–220.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

H. Lloyd, Lectures on the Wave-theory of Light, Dublin: Milliken, 1841, Part II, Lecture III, p. 26. The same description was retained in the "second edition", published under the title Elementary Treatise on the Wave-theory of Light (London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, & Roberts, 1857; p. 136), and in the "third edition" (London: Longmans, Green, & Co., 1873; p. 167), which appeared in the same year as Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism.
Buchwald 1989, p. 111. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
That age was given by Arago in his elegy (Arago, 1857, p. 402) and widely propagated (Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911; Buchwald 1989, p. 111; Levitt 2013, p. 24; etc.). But the reprint of the elegy at the end of Fresnel's collected works bears a footnote, presumably by Léonor Fresnel, saying that "eight" should be "five or six", and regretting "the haste with which we had to collect the notes that were belatedly requested for the biographical part of this speech" (Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 3, p. 477n). Silliman (1967, p. 9n) accepts the correction. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8 Levitt, T.H. (2013), A Short Bright Flash: Augustin Fresnel and the Birth of the Modern Lighthouse, New York: W.W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-35089-0
Kneller 1911, p. 147. Kneller interprets the quote as referring to Augustin; but Verdet (in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 1, pp. xcviii–xcix), cited by Silliman (1967, p. 8), gives it a different context, referring to Louis's academic success. Kneller, K.A. (1911), Christianity and the Leaders of Modern Science: A contribution to the history of culture in the nineteenth century, translated by Kettle, T.M., Freiburg im Breisgau: B. Herder, pp. 146–149
Kneller 1911, p. 148. Kneller, K.A. (1911), Christianity and the Leaders of Modern Science: A contribution to the history of culture in the nineteenth century, translated by Kettle, T.M., Freiburg im Breisgau: B. Herder, pp. 146–149
Kneller 1911, pp. 148–149n; cf. Arago, 1857, p. 470. Kneller, K.A. (1911), Christianity and the Leaders of Modern Science: A contribution to the history of culture in the nineteenth century, translated by Kettle, T.M., Freiburg im Breisgau: B. Herder, pp. 146–149
Cf. Silliman 1967, pp. 28–33; Levitt 2013, p. 29; Buchwald 1989, pp. 113–114. The surviving correspondence on soda ash extends from August 1811 to April 1812; see Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 2, pp. 810–817. Silliman, R.H. (1967), Augustin Fresnel (1788–1827) and the Establishment of the Wave Theory of Light (PhD dissertation; submitted 1967, accepted 1968), Princeton University; available from ProQuest (missing the first page of the preface) Levitt, T.H. (2013), A Short Bright Flash: Augustin Fresnel and the Birth of the Modern Lighthouse, New York: W.W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-35089-0 Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
G. Ripley and C.A. Dana (eds.), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", American Cyclopædia, 1879, vol. 7, pp. 486–489. Contrary to this entry (p. 486), calcite and quartz were not the only doubly refractive crystals known before Fresnel; see (e.g.) Young 1855, pp. 250 (written 1810) and pp. 262,‍266,‍277 (written 1814), and Lloyd 1834, pp. 376–377. Young, T. (1855), Peacock, G. (ed.), Miscellaneous Works of the late Thomas Young, vol. 1, London: J. Murray Lloyd, H. (1834), "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, no. 4, London: J. Murray, pp. 295–413
Buchwald 1989, p. 289. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
In Taylor 1852, pp. 44–65. Taylor, R., ed. (1852), Scientific Memoirs, selected from the Transactions of Foreign Academies of Science and Learned Societies, and from Foreign Journals (in English), vol. V, London: Taylor & Francis
Buchwald 1989, pp. 222, 238, 461–462. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
Buchwald 1989, p. 116. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
Buchwald 1989, pp. 307–308. Buchwald, J.Z. (1989), The Rise of the Wave Theory of Light: Optical Theory and Experiment in the Early Nineteenth Century, University of Chicago Press, ISBN 0-226-07886-8
Whewell 1857, pp. 365–367. Whewell, W. (1857), History of the Inductive Sciences: From the Earliest to the Present Time, vol. 2 (3rd ed.), London: J.W. Parker & Son, book IX, chapters V–XIII
Whewell 1857, pp. 370–371. Whewell, W. (1857), History of the Inductive Sciences: From the Earliest to the Present Time, vol. 2 (3rd ed.), London: J.W. Parker & Son, book IX, chapters V–XIII
Opening sentence in E.M. Antoniadi, "Le centenaire d'Augustin Fresnel", L'Astronomie (Paris), vol. 41, pp. 241–246 (June 1927), translated as "The centenary of Augustin Fresnel" in Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 1927, pp. 217–220.

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; English: 357^th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

Pillet, Maurice (1922). L'expédition scientifique et artistique de Mésopotamie et de Médie, 1851–1855 (in French). Accessed from Gallica – Bibliothèque nationale de France: Libraire Ancienne Honoré Champion.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Arago, 1857, p. 403. Fresnel's solution was printed in the Correspondance sur l'École polytechnique, No. 4 (June–July 1805), pp. 78–80, and reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 2, pp. 681–684. Boutry (1948, p. 591) takes this story as referring to the entrance examination. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
G. Ripley and C.A. Dana (eds.), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", American Cyclopædia, 1879, vol. 7, pp. 486–489. Contrary to this entry (p. 486), calcite and quartz were not the only doubly refractive crystals known before Fresnel; see (e.g.) Young 1855, pp. 250 (written 1810) and pp. 262,‍266,‍277 (written 1814), and Lloyd 1834, pp. 376–377. Young, T. (1855), Peacock, G. (ed.), Miscellaneous Works of the late Thomas Young, vol. 1, London: J. Murray Lloyd, H. (1834), "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, no. 4, London: J. Murray, pp. 295–413
Young 1855, pp. 402–403. Young, T. (1855), Peacock, G. (ed.), Miscellaneous Works of the late Thomas Young, vol. 1, London: J. Murray
Fresnel, 1822a, tr. Young, in Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature, and Art, Jan–Jun 1828, at pp. 213–215.
Lloyd 1834, p. 316. Lloyd, H. (1834), "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, no. 4, London: J. Murray, pp. 295–413
Lloyd 1834, pp. 387–388. Lloyd, H. (1834), "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, no. 4, London: J. Murray, pp. 295–413
Lloyd 1834, p. 382. Lloyd, H. (1834), "Report on the progress and present state of physical optics", Report of the Fourth Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, no. 4, London: J. Murray, pp. 295–413

clerkmaxwellfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

James Clerk Maxwell Foundation, "Who was James Clerk Maxwell?", accessed 6 August 2017; archived 30 June 2017.

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

"Fresnel", Collins English Dictionary / Webster's New World College Dictionary.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Reilly, D. (December 1951). "Salts, acids & alkalis in the 19th century; a comparison between advances in France, England & Germany". Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. 42 (130): 287–296. doi:10.1086/349348. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 14888349.
On the dimensions see Elton 2009, pp. 193–194; Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 3, p. xxxiv; Fresnel, 1822b, tr. Tag, p. 7. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Elton 2009, p. 195. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Elton 2009, p. 190. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Cf. Elton 2009, p. 198, Figure 12. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Elton 2009, pp. 197–198. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Elton 2009, pp. 198–199. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Elton 2009, p. 200. Elton, J. (July 2009), "A Light to Lighten our Darkness: Lighthouse Optics and the Later Development of Fresnel's Revolutionary Refracting Lens 1780–1900", International Journal for the History of Engineering & Technology, 79 (2): 183–244, doi:10.1179/175812109X449612
Frankel 1976, p. 172. Frankel, E. (May 1976), "Corpuscular optics and the wave theory of light: The science and politics of a revolution in physics", Social Studies of Science, 6 (2): 141–184, doi:10.1177/030631277600600201, JSTOR 284930

e-monumen.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

D. Perchet, "Monument à Augustin Fresnel – Broglie", e-monumen.net, 5 July 2011.

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Lighthouse" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 16 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 627–651.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean" , Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 11 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 209.
H.M. Brock, "Fresnel, Augustin-Jean", Catholic Encyclopedia, 1907–12, vol. 6 (1909).

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457^th place; English: 342^nd place)

Silliman 2008, p. 166. Silliman, R.H. (2008), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 5, Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 165–171 (The version at encyclopedia.com lacks the diagram and equations.)
Arago, 1857, p. 405; Silliman 2008, p. 166. Arago does not use quotation marks. Silliman, R.H. (2008), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 5, Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 165–171 (The version at encyclopedia.com lacks the diagram and equations.)
Silliman 2008, p. 171. Silliman, R.H. (2008), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 5, Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 165–171 (The version at encyclopedia.com lacks the diagram and equations.)

flickr.com (Global: 878^th place; English: 579^th place)

D. Gombert, photograph of the Optique de Cordouan in the collection of the Musée des Phares et Balises, Ouessant, France, 23 March 2017.

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; English: 153^rd place)

babel.hathitrust.org

G.E. Rines (ed.), "Fresnel, Augustin Jean", Encyclopedia Americana, 1918–20, vol. 12 (1919), p.93. (This entry inaccurately describes Fresnel as the "discoverer" of polarization of light and as a "Fellow" of the Royal Society, whereas in fact he explained polarization and was a "Foreign Member" of the Society; see text.)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Levitt (2013, p. 23) says "in 1790". Silliman (1967, p. 7) says "by 1790". Boutry (1948, p. 590) says the family left Broglie in 1789. Levitt, T.H. (2013), A Short Bright Flash: Augustin Fresnel and the Birth of the Modern Lighthouse, New York: W.W. Norton, ISBN 978-0-393-35089-0 Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, p. 590. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, pp. 590–591. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, p. 592. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Arago, 1857, p. 403. Fresnel's solution was printed in the Correspondance sur l'École polytechnique, No. 4 (June–July 1805), pp. 78–80, and reprinted in Fresnel, 1866–70, vol. 2, pp. 681–684. Boutry (1948, p. 591) takes this story as referring to the entrance examination. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, pp. 592, 601. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, pp. 593–594. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, p. 593. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, p. 594. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Frankel 1976, p. 172. Frankel, E. (May 1976), "Corpuscular optics and the wave theory of light: The science and politics of a revolution in physics", Social Studies of Science, 6 (2): 141–184, doi:10.1177/030631277600600201, JSTOR 284930
Boutry 1948, pp. 601–602. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, pp. 602–603. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
Boutry 1948, pp. 603–604. Boutry, G.-A. (October 1948), "Augustin Fresnel: His time, life and work, 1788–1827", Science Progress, 36 (144): 587–604, JSTOR 43413515
MacCullagh, James (1830). "On the Double Refraction of Light in a Crystallized Medium, according to the Principles of Fresnel". The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 16: 65–78. ISSN 0790-8113. JSTOR 30079025.
W.R. Hamilton, "Third supplement to an essay on the theory of systems of rays", Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, vol. 17, pp. v–x, 1–144, read 23 Jan. & 22 Oct. 1832; jstor.org/stable/30078785 (author's introduction dated June 1833; volume started 1831 (?), completed 1837).

mathpages.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fresnel's Drag Coefficient and Dispersion". Mathpages. Retrieved 5 August 2025.

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

"Small-Body Database Lookup". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov. Retrieved 3 January 2026.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Reilly, D. (December 1951). "Salts, acids & alkalis in the 19th century; a comparison between advances in France, England & Germany". Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. 42 (130): 287–296. doi:10.1086/349348. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 14888349.

over-blog.com (Global: 2,439^th place; English: 6,220^th place)

maisons.natales.over-blog.com

'martan' (author), "Eure (27)", Guide National des Maisons Natales, 30 May 2014.

phare-de-cordouan.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

Phare de Cordouan, "The lighting systems of the Cordouan Lighthouse", accessed 26 August 2017; archived 22 September 2016.

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939^th place; English: 1,533^rd place)

Royal Society, List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660–2007, A–J, July 2007, p. 130.
Royal Society, "Rumford Medal" (with link to full list of past winners), accessed 2 September 2017.

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; English: 145^th place)

planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov

IAU WGPSN, "Promontorium Fresnel" and "Rimae Fresnel", Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature, accessed 19 December 2017.

uslhs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

T. Tag, "The Fresnel lens", U.S. Lighthouse Society, accessed 12 August 2017; archived 22 July 2017.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

Bibliothèques et Médiathèque, "Inauguration à Broglie, le 14 Septembre 1884 du buste d'Augustin Fresnel", archived 28 July 2018.
Académie des Sciences, "Augustin Fresnel", accessed 21 August 2017; archived 15 February 2017.
Académie des Sciences, "History of the French Académie des sciences", accessed 8 December 2017; archived 13 August 2017.
T. Tag, "The Fresnel lens", U.S. Lighthouse Society, accessed 12 August 2017; archived 22 July 2017.
D. Gombert, photograph of the Optique de Cordouan in the collection of the Musée des Phares et Balises, Ouessant, France, 23 March 2017.
Musée national de la Marine, "Appareil catadioptrique, Appareil du canal Saint-Martin", accessed 26 August 2017; archived 26 August 2017.
Phare de Cordouan, "The lighting systems of the Cordouan Lighthouse", accessed 26 August 2017; archived 22 September 2016.
James Clerk Maxwell Foundation, "Who was James Clerk Maxwell?", accessed 6 August 2017; archived 30 June 2017.

webmuseo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mnm.webmuseo.com

Musée national de la Marine, "Appareil catadioptrique, Appareil du canal Saint-Martin", accessed 26 August 2017; archived 26 August 2017.

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)

search.worldcat.org

Reilly, D. (December 1951). "Salts, acids & alkalis in the 19th century; a comparison between advances in France, England & Germany". Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences. 42 (130): 287–296. doi:10.1086/349348. ISSN 0021-1753. PMID 14888349.
MacCullagh, James (1830). "On the Double Refraction of Light in a Crystallized Medium, according to the Principles of Fresnel". The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 16: 65–78. ISSN 0790-8113. JSTOR 30079025.

Augustin-Jean Fresnel (English Wikipedia)

academie-sciences.fr (Global: 5,177th place; English: 7,489th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14th place; English: 9th place)

archive.org (Global: 6th place; English: 6th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61st place; English: 357th place)

gallica.bnf.fr

books.google.com (Global: 3rd place; English: 3rd place)

clerkmaxwellfoundation.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831st place; English: 1,216th place)

doi.org (Global: 2nd place; English: 2nd place)

e-monumen.net (Global: low place; English: low place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82nd place; English: 41st place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457th place; English: 342nd place)

flickr.com (Global: 878th place; English: 579th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 296th place; English: 153rd place)

babel.hathitrust.org

jstor.org (Global: 23rd place; English: 15th place)

mathpages.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12th place; English: 73rd place)

ssd.jpl.nasa.gov

nih.gov (Global: 5th place; English: 5th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

over-blog.com (Global: 2,439th place; English: 6,220th place)

maisons.natales.over-blog.com

phare-de-cordouan.fr (Global: low place; English: low place)

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939th place; English: 1,533rd place)

usgs.gov (Global: 119th place; English: 145th place)

planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov

uslhs.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1st place; English: 1st place)

webmuseo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

mnm.webmuseo.com

worldcat.org (Global: 4th place; English: 4th place)

search.worldcat.org

academie-sciences.fr (Global: 5,177^th place; English: 7,489^th place)

adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

bnf.fr (Global: 61^st place; English: 357^th place)

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

collinsdictionary.com (Global: 1,831^st place; English: 1,216^th place)

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

en.wikisource.org (Global: 82^nd place; English: 41^st place)

encyclopedia.com (Global: 457^th place; English: 342^nd place)

flickr.com (Global: 878^th place; English: 579^th place)

hathitrust.org (Global: 296^th place; English: 153^rd place)

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

nasa.gov (Global: 12^th place; English: 73^rd place)

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

over-blog.com (Global: 2,439^th place; English: 6,220^th place)

royalsociety.org (Global: 1,939^th place; English: 1,533^rd place)

usgs.gov (Global: 119^th place; English: 145^th place)

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

worldcat.org (Global: 4^th place; English: 4^th place)