Australopithecus (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Australopithecus" in English language version.

Last modified: 19:33:16, 9 August 2026 (UTC)

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6855nih.gov

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5445doi.org

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adsabs.harvard.edu (Global: 14^th place; English: 9^th place)

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Asfaw, B; White, T; Lovejoy, O; Latimer, B; Simpson, S; Suwa, G (1999). "Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia". Science. 284 (5414): 629–35. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..629A. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629. PMID 10213683.
Berger, L. R.; de Ruiter, D. J.; Churchill, S. E.; Schmid, P.; Carlson, K. J.; Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Kibii, J. M. (2010). "Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa". Science. 328 (5975): 195–204. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..195B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.729.7802. doi:10.1126/science.1184944. PMID 20378811. S2CID 14209370. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Tattersall, Ian (2015). "Defining the genus Homo". Science. 349 (931): 931–932. Bibcode:2015Sci...349..931S. doi:10.1126/science.aac6182. PMID 26315422. S2CID 206639783.
Cela-Conde, C. J.; Ayala, F. J. (2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (13): 7684–7689. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0832372100. PMC 164648. PMID 12794185.
Cartmill, Matt (2018). "A sort of revolution: Systematics and physical anthropology in the 20th century". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 165 (4): 677–687. Bibcode:2018AJPA..165..677C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23321. hdl:2144/29233. PMID 29574829.
Villmoare, Brian (2018-01-30). "Early Homo and the role of the genus in paleoanthropology". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 165 (S65): 72–89. Bibcode:2018AJPA..165S..72V. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23387. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 29380889.
Strait, David S.; Grine, Frederick E. (December 2004). "Inferring hominoid and early hominid phylogeny using craniodental characters: the role of fossil taxa". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (6): 399–452. Bibcode:2004JHumE..47..399S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.008. PMID 15566946.
Haile-Selassie, Yohannes; Melillo, Stephanie M.; Vazzana, Antonino; Benazzi, Stefano; Ryan, Timothy M. (2019). "A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia". Nature. 573 (7773): 214–219. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..214H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1513-8. hdl:11585/697577. PMID 31462770. S2CID 201656331.
David A. Raichlen; Adam D. Gordon; William E. H. Harcourt-Smith; Adam D. Foster; Wm. Randall Haas Jr (2010). Rosenberg, Karen (ed.). "Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9769. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9769R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009769. PMC 2842428. PMID 20339543.
Reno, Philip L.; Meindl, Richard S.; McCollum, Melanie A.; Lovejoy, C. Owen (2003). "Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (16): 9404–9409. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9404R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1133180100. PMC 170931. PMID 12878734.
Zihlman AL, Cronin JE, Cramer DL, Sarich VM (1978). "Pygmy chimpanzee as a possible prototype for the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas". Nature. 275 (5682): 744–6. Bibcode:1978Natur.275..744Z. doi:10.1038/275744a0. PMID 703839. S2CID 4252525.
David-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R.I.M. (2016). "Bipedality and Hair-loss Revisited: The Impact of Altitude and Activity Scheduling". Journal of Human Evolution. 94: 72–82. Bibcode:2016JHumE..94...72D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.006. PMC 4874949. PMID 27178459.
Thorpe, SK; Holder, RL; Crompton, RH. (2007). "Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on flexible branches". Science. 316 (5829): 1328–31. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1328T. doi:10.1126/science.1140799. PMID 17540902. S2CID 85992565.
Lovejoy, C. O. (1988). "Evolution of Human walking". Scientific American. 259 (5): 82–89. Bibcode:1988SciAm.259e.118L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1188-118. PMID 3212438.
Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33 (S33): 70–105. Bibcode:2001AJPA..116S..70R. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992.
Kivell, TL; Schmitt, D. (Aug 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lüdecke, Tina; Robbins, John A.; Hopley, Philip J.; Balasse, Marie; Henry, Amanda G. (2025). "Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat". Science. 387 (6731): 309–314. Bibcode:2025Sci...387..309L. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315. PMID 39818884.
Grine FE (1986). "Dental evidence for dietary differences in Australopithecus and Paranthropus – a quantitative-analysis of permanent molar microwear". Journal of Human Evolution. 15 (8): 783–822. Bibcode:1986JHumE..15..783G. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80010-0.
Martínez, L.; Estebaranz-Sánchez, F.; Galbany, J.; Pérez-Pérez, A. (2016). "Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): 1–25. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165447M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165447. PMC 5112956. PMID 27851745.
Lüdecke, Tina; Leichliter, Jennifer N.; Stratford, Dominic; Sigman, Daniel M.; Vonhof, Hubert; Haug, Gerald H.; Bamford, Marion K.; Martínez-García, Alfredo (2025-01-17). "Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat". Science. 387 (6731): 309–314. Bibcode:2025Sci...387..309L. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315. PMID 39818884.
Ungar, P. S.; Grine, F. E.; Teaford, M. F. (2008). "Dental Microwear and Diet of the Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Paranthropus boisei". PLOS ONE. 3 (4) e2044. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2044U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002044. PMC 2315797. PMID 18446200.
Scott RS, Ungar PS, Bergstrom TS, Brown CA, Grine FE, Teaford MF, Walker A (2005). "Dental microwear texture analysis shows within-species diet variability in fossil hominins" (PDF). Nature. 436 (7051): 693–695. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..693S. doi:10.1038/nature03822. PMID 16079844. S2CID 4431062.
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Elliott, Marina; De Groote, Isabelle (2018-09-01). "Root grooves on two adjacent anterior teeth of Australopithecus africanus" (PDF). International Journal of Paleopathology. 22: 163–167. Bibcode:2018IJPal..22..163T. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.02.004. ISSN 1879-9817. PMID 30126662. S2CID 52056962.
Domalain, Mathieu; Bertin, Anne; Daver, Guillaume (2017-08-01). "Was Australopithecus afarensis able to make the Lomekwian stone tools? Towards a realistic biomechanical simulation of hand force capability in fossil hominins and new insights on the role of the fifth digit". Comptes Rendus Palevol. Hominin biomechanics, virtual anatomy and inner structural morphology: From head to toe. A tribute to Laurent Puymerail. 16 (5): 572–584. Bibcode:2017CRPal..16..572D. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2016.09.003. ISSN 1631-0683.
Semaw, S.; Renne, P.; Harris, J. W. K. (1997). "2.5-million-year-old stone tools from Gona, Ethiopia". Nature. 385 (6614): 333–336. Bibcode:1997Natur.385..333S. doi:10.1038/385333a0. PMID 9002516. S2CID 4331652.
Semaw, S.; Rogers, M. J.; Quade, J.; et al. (2003). "2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia". Journal of Human Evolution. 45 (2): 169–177. Bibcode:2003JHumE..45..169S. doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00093-9. PMID 14529651.
Asfaw, Berhane; White, Tim; Lovejoy, Owen; Latimer, Bruce; Simpson, Scott; Suwa, Gen (23 April 1999). "Australopithecus garhi: A New Species of Early Hominid from Ethiopia". Science. 284 (5414): 629–635. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..629A. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629. PMID 10213683.
de Heinzelin, Jean; Clark, J. Desmond; White, Tim; Hart, William; Renne, Paul; WoldeGabriel, Giday; Beyene, Yonas; Vrba, Elisabeth (23 April 1999). "Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids". Science. 284 (5414): 625–629. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..625D. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. PMID 10213682.
Braun, D. R.; Aldeias, V.; Archer, W.; et al. (2019). "Earliest known Oldowan artifacts at >2.58 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia, highlight early technological diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (24): 11, 712–11, 717. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11611712B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1820177116. PMC 6575601. PMID 31160451.
McPherron, S. P.; Alemseged, Z.; Marean, C. W.; et al. (2010). "Evidence for stone-tool-assisted consumption of animal tissues before 3.39 million years ago at Dikika, Ethiopia". Nature. 466 (7308): 857–860. Bibcode:2010Natur.466..857M. doi:10.1038/nature09248. PMID 20703305. S2CID 4356816.
Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.; Pickering, T. R.; Bunn, H. T. (2010). "Configurational approach to identifying the earliest hominin butchers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (49): 20929–20934. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10720929D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013711107. PMC 3000273. PMID 21078985.
Harmand, S.; Lewis, J. E.; Feibel, C. S.; et al. (2015). "3.3-million-year-old stone tools from Lomekwi 3, West Turkana, Kenya". Nature. 521 (7552): 310–315. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..310H. doi:10.1038/nature14464. PMID 25993961. S2CID 1207285.
Spoor, Fred (2015). "Palaeoanthropology: The middle Pliocene gets crowded". Nature. 521 (7553): 432–433. Bibcode:2015Natur.521..432S. doi:10.1038/521432a. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 26017440. S2CID 4472489.

amnh.org (Global: 454^th place; English: 907^th place)

research.amnh.org

"Glossary. American Museum of Natural History". Archived from the original on 20 November 2021.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Beck, Roger B.; Linda Black; Larry S. Krieger; Phillip C. Naylor; Dahia Ibo Shabaka (1999). World History: Patterns of Interaction. McDougal Littell. ISBN 978-0-395-87274-1.
McHenry, H. M. (2009). "Human Evolution". In Michael Ruse; Joseph Travis (eds.). Evolution: The First Four Billion Years. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 261–265. ISBN 978-0-674-03175-3.

beyondveg.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Billings, Tom. "Comparative Anatomy and Physiology Brought Up to Date--continued, Part 3B)". Archived from the original on 15 December 2006. Retrieved 2007-01-06.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Fleagle, John G. (2013-03-08). Primate Adaptation and Evolution. Academic Press. p. 364. ISBN 978-0-12-378633-3.
Pietrzak-Franger, Monika; Schaff, Barbara; Voigts, Eckart (2014-02-28). Reflecting on Darwin. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4724-1409-0.
Gribbin, John (2009-08-27). Science: A History: A History. Penguin Books Limited. ISBN 978-0-14-104222-0.

bradshawfoundation.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Exploring the fossil record: Australopithecus africanus". Bradshaw Foundation. Retrieved 2019-11-11.

discovermagazine.com (Global: 3,982^nd place; English: 2,975^th place)

"A Diet Discovery Reveals That Our Ancestors Were Once Vegetarian". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 2025-01-22.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wood & Richmond 2000. Wood, B.; Richmond, B. G. (2000). "Human evolution: Taxonomy and paleobiology". Journal of Anatomy. 197 (Pt 1): 19–60. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x. PMC 1468107. PMID 10999270.
Wood 2010. Wood, B. (2010). "Reconstructing human evolution: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (Suppl 2): 8902–8909. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001649107. PMC 3024019. PMID 20445105.
Haile-Selassie, Y (27 October 2010). "Phylogeny of early Australopithecus: new fossil evidence from the Woranso-Mille (central Afar, Ethiopia)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 (1556): 3323–3331. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0064. PMC 2981958. PMID 20855306.
Asfaw, B; White, T; Lovejoy, O; Latimer, B; Simpson, S; Suwa, G (1999). "Australopithecus garhi: a new species of early hominid from Ethiopia". Science. 284 (5414): 629–35. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..629A. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.629. PMID 10213683.
Berger, L. R.; de Ruiter, D. J.; Churchill, S. E.; Schmid, P.; Carlson, K. J.; Dirks, P. H. G. M.; Kibii, J. M. (2010). "Australopithecus sediba: a new species of Homo-like australopith from South Africa". Science. 328 (5975): 195–204. Bibcode:2010Sci...328..195B. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.729.7802. doi:10.1126/science.1184944. PMID 20378811. S2CID 14209370. {{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter |citeseerx= (help)
Kimbel, W.H.; Villmoare, B. (5 July 2016). "From Australopithecus to Homo: the transition that wasn't". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1698) 20150248. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0248. PMC 4920303. PMID 27298460.
Sporny, Michael; Guez-Haddad, Julia; Kreusch, Annett; Shakartzi, Sivan; Neznansky, Avi; Cross, Alice; Isupov, Michail N.; Qualmann, Britta; Kessels, Michael M.; Opatowsky, Yarden (June 2017). "Structural History of Human SRGAP2 Proteins". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (6): 1463–1478. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx094. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5435084. PMID 28333212.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jocofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (April 2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo". Journal of Anatomy. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869.
Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Tattersall, Ian (2015). "Defining the genus Homo". Science. 349 (931): 931–932. Bibcode:2015Sci...349..931S. doi:10.1126/science.aac6182. PMID 26315422. S2CID 206639783.
Cela-Conde, C. J.; Ayala, F. J. (2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (13): 7684–7689. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0832372100. PMC 164648. PMID 12794185.
Tattersall, I. (2017). "Species, genera, and phylogenetic structure in the human fossil record: a modest proposal". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 26 (3): 116–118. doi:10.1002/evan.21523. PMID 28627785. S2CID 43487900. Forms such as Ardipithecus, Sahelanthropus, and Orrorin have also been admitted to the pantheon, though this has clearly been facilitated by their great age. And in a nod to history, the venerable genus Paranthropus has been grandfathered in for use by those who think it useful. But except for the widely dismissed revival of Praeanthropus, there has been little real rethinking of the hugely minimalist hominid taxonomy, generic as well as specific, that Mayr foisted on us all those years ago...
Kimbel, William H. (2015), "The Species and Diversity of Australopiths", in Henke, Winfried; Tattersall, Ian (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 2071–2105, doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_50, ISBN 978-3-642-39978-7
Cartmill, Matt (2018). "A sort of revolution: Systematics and physical anthropology in the 20th century". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 165 (4): 677–687. Bibcode:2018AJPA..165..677C. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23321. hdl:2144/29233. PMID 29574829.
Villmoare, Brian (2018-01-30). "Early Homo and the role of the genus in paleoanthropology". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 165 (S65): 72–89. Bibcode:2018AJPA..165S..72V. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23387. ISSN 0002-9483. PMID 29380889.
Flegr, Jaroslav (2013-11-27). "Why Drosophila is not Drosophila any more, why it will be worse and what can be done about it?". Zootaxa. 3741 (2): 295–300. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3741.2.8. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 25112991.
Madupe, Palesa; et al. (2025). "Results from an Australopithecus africanus dental enamel fragment confirm the potential of palaeoproteomics for South African Plio-Pleistocene fossil sites". South African Journal of Science. 121 (1/2). doi:10.17159/sajs.2025/18571.
Strait, David S.; Grine, Frederick E. (December 2004). "Inferring hominoid and early hominid phylogeny using craniodental characters: the role of fossil taxa". Journal of Human Evolution. 47 (6): 399–452. Bibcode:2004JHumE..47..399S. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2004.08.008. PMID 15566946.
Haile-Selassie, Yohannes; Melillo, Stephanie M.; Vazzana, Antonino; Benazzi, Stefano; Ryan, Timothy M. (2019). "A 3.8-million-year-old hominin cranium from Woranso-Mille, Ethiopia". Nature. 573 (7773): 214–219. Bibcode:2019Natur.573..214H. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1513-8. hdl:11585/697577. PMID 31462770. S2CID 201656331.
David A. Raichlen; Adam D. Gordon; William E. H. Harcourt-Smith; Adam D. Foster; Wm. Randall Haas Jr (2010). Rosenberg, Karen (ed.). "Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9769. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9769R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009769. PMC 2842428. PMID 20339543.
Bower, Bruce (May 20, 2006). "Hybrid-Driven Evolution: Genomes show complexity of human-chimp split". Science News. 169 (20): 308–309. doi:10.2307/4019102. JSTOR 4019102.
Reno, Philip L.; Meindl, Richard S.; McCollum, Melanie A.; Lovejoy, C. Owen (2003). "Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (16): 9404–9409. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9404R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1133180100. PMC 170931. PMID 12878734.
Zihlman AL, Cronin JE, Cramer DL, Sarich VM (1978). "Pygmy chimpanzee as a possible prototype for the common ancestor of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas". Nature. 275 (5682): 744–6. Bibcode:1978Natur.275..744Z. doi:10.1038/275744a0. PMID 703839. S2CID 4252525.
David-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R.I.M. (2016). "Bipedality and Hair-loss Revisited: The Impact of Altitude and Activity Scheduling". Journal of Human Evolution. 94: 72–82. Bibcode:2016JHumE..94...72D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.006. PMC 4874949. PMID 27178459.
Thorpe, SK; Holder, RL; Crompton, RH. (2007). "Origin of human bipedalism as an adaptation for locomotion on flexible branches". Science. 316 (5829): 1328–31. Bibcode:2007Sci...316.1328T. doi:10.1126/science.1140799. PMID 17540902. S2CID 85992565.
Lovejoy, C. O. (1988). "Evolution of Human walking". Scientific American. 259 (5): 82–89. Bibcode:1988SciAm.259e.118L. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1188-118. PMID 3212438.
Richmond, BG; Begun, DR; Strait, DS (2001). "Origin of human bipedalism: The knuckle-walking hypothesis revisited". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Suppl 33 (S33): 70–105. Bibcode:2001AJPA..116S..70R. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10019. PMID 11786992.
Kivell, TL; Schmitt, D. (Aug 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Lüdecke, Tina; Robbins, John A.; Hopley, Philip J.; Balasse, Marie; Henry, Amanda G. (2025). "Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat". Science. 387 (6731): 309–314. Bibcode:2025Sci...387..309L. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315. PMID 39818884.
Grine FE (1986). "Dental evidence for dietary differences in Australopithecus and Paranthropus – a quantitative-analysis of permanent molar microwear". Journal of Human Evolution. 15 (8): 783–822. Bibcode:1986JHumE..15..783G. doi:10.1016/S0047-2484(86)80010-0.
Martínez, L.; Estebaranz-Sánchez, F.; Galbany, J.; Pérez-Pérez, A. (2016). "Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): 1–25. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165447M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165447. PMC 5112956. PMID 27851745.
Nature (2010). "Butchering dinner 3.4 million years ago". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2010.399.
Lüdecke, Tina; Leichliter, Jennifer N.; Stratford, Dominic; Sigman, Daniel M.; Vonhof, Hubert; Haug, Gerald H.; Bamford, Marion K.; Martínez-García, Alfredo (2025-01-17). "Australopithecus at Sterkfontein did not consume substantial mammalian meat". Science. 387 (6731): 309–314. Bibcode:2025Sci...387..309L. doi:10.1126/science.adq7315. PMID 39818884.
Ungar, P. S.; Grine, F. E.; Teaford, M. F. (2008). "Dental Microwear and Diet of the Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Paranthropus boisei". PLOS ONE. 3 (4) e2044. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2044U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002044. PMC 2315797. PMID 18446200.
Scott RS, Ungar PS, Bergstrom TS, Brown CA, Grine FE, Teaford MF, Walker A (2005). "Dental microwear texture analysis shows within-species diet variability in fossil hominins" (PDF). Nature. 436 (7051): 693–695. Bibcode:2005Natur.436..693S. doi:10.1038/nature03822. PMID 16079844. S2CID 4431062.
Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Elliott, Marina; De Groote, Isabelle (2018-09-01). "Root grooves on two adjacent anterior teeth of Australopithecus africanus" (PDF). International Journal of Paleopathology. 22: 163–167. Bibcode:2018IJPal..22..163T. doi:10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.02.004. ISSN 1879-9817. PMID 30126662. S2CID 52056962.
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hal.science (Global: 2,005^th place; English: 1,689^th place)

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hdl.handle.net (Global: 66^th place; English: 34^th place)

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jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

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ljmu.ac.uk (Global: low place; English: 9,761^st place)

researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk

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loc.gov (Global: 63^rd place; English: 47^th place)

Pronunciation with stressed penultimate syllable and long-E is used by anthropologists such as Lee Berger (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rm_tWwZSRzU) and Raymond Dart (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9A2tpvXkWQ&t=2297s) (time 38:20) and conforms to ALA-LC Romanization tables (https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf) and classical scholarship (Kelly, H.A., 1986. Pronouncing Latin words in English. The Classical World, 80(1), pp.33-37).

medium.com (Global: 651^st place; English: 479^th place)

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nature.com (Global: 207^th place; English: 347^th place)

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newscientist.com (Global: 1,041^st place; English: 901^st place)

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nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

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Semaw, S.; Rogers, M. J.; Quade, J.; et al. (2003). "2.6-Million-year-old stone tools and associated bones from OGS-6 and OGS-7, Gona, Afar, Ethiopia". Journal of Human Evolution. 45 (2): 169–177. Bibcode:2003JHumE..45..169S. doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00093-9. PMID 14529651.
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de Heinzelin, Jean; Clark, J. Desmond; White, Tim; Hart, William; Renne, Paul; WoldeGabriel, Giday; Beyene, Yonas; Vrba, Elisabeth (23 April 1999). "Environment and Behavior of 2.5-Million-Year-Old Bouri Hominids". Science. 284 (5414): 625–629. Bibcode:1999Sci...284..625D. doi:10.1126/science.284.5414.625. PMID 10213682.
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ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Wood & Richmond 2000. Wood, B.; Richmond, B. G. (2000). "Human evolution: Taxonomy and paleobiology". Journal of Anatomy. 197 (Pt 1): 19–60. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2000.19710019.x. PMC 1468107. PMID 10999270.
Wood 2010. Wood, B. (2010). "Reconstructing human evolution: Achievements, challenges, and opportunities". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (Suppl 2): 8902–8909. doi:10.1073/pnas.1001649107. PMC 3024019. PMID 20445105.
Haile-Selassie, Y (27 October 2010). "Phylogeny of early Australopithecus: new fossil evidence from the Woranso-Mille (central Afar, Ethiopia)". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 365 (1556): 3323–3331. doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0064. PMC 2981958. PMID 20855306.
Kimbel, W.H.; Villmoare, B. (5 July 2016). "From Australopithecus to Homo: the transition that wasn't". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences. 371 (1698) 20150248. doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0248. PMC 4920303. PMID 27298460.
Sporny, Michael; Guez-Haddad, Julia; Kreusch, Annett; Shakartzi, Sivan; Neznansky, Avi; Cross, Alice; Isupov, Michail N.; Qualmann, Britta; Kessels, Michael M.; Opatowsky, Yarden (June 2017). "Structural History of Human SRGAP2 Proteins". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (6): 1463–1478. doi:10.1093/molbev/msx094. ISSN 0737-4038. PMC 5435084. PMID 28333212.
Tocheri, Matthew W.; Orr, Caley M.; Jocofsky, Marc C.; Marzke, Mary W. (April 2008). "The evolutionary history of the hominin hand since the last common ancestor of Pan and Homo". Journal of Anatomy. 212 (4): 544–562. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2008.00865.x. PMC 2409097. PMID 18380869.
Cela-Conde, C. J.; Ayala, F. J. (2003). "Genera of the human lineage". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (13): 7684–7689. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7684C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0832372100. PMC 164648. PMID 12794185.
David A. Raichlen; Adam D. Gordon; William E. H. Harcourt-Smith; Adam D. Foster; Wm. Randall Haas Jr (2010). Rosenberg, Karen (ed.). "Laetoli Footprints Preserve Earliest Direct Evidence of Human-Like Bipedal Biomechanics". PLOS ONE. 5 (3) e9769. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...5.9769R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009769. PMC 2842428. PMID 20339543.
Reno, Philip L.; Meindl, Richard S.; McCollum, Melanie A.; Lovejoy, C. Owen (2003). "Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis was similar to that of modern humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 100 (16): 9404–9409. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.9404R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1133180100. PMC 170931. PMID 12878734.
David-Barrett, T.; Dunbar, R.I.M. (2016). "Bipedality and Hair-loss Revisited: The Impact of Altitude and Activity Scheduling". Journal of Human Evolution. 94: 72–82. Bibcode:2016JHumE..94...72D. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.02.006. PMC 4874949. PMID 27178459.
Kivell, TL; Schmitt, D. (Aug 2009). "Independent evolution of knuckle-walking in African apes shows that humans did not evolve from a knuckle-walking ancestor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (34): 14241–6. Bibcode:2009PNAS..10614241K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901280106. PMC 2732797. PMID 19667206.
Martínez, L.; Estebaranz-Sánchez, F.; Galbany, J.; Pérez-Pérez, A. (2016). "Testing Dietary Hypotheses of East African Hominines Using Buccal Dental Microwear Data". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): 1–25. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1165447M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165447. PMC 5112956. PMID 27851745.
Ungar, P. S.; Grine, F. E.; Teaford, M. F. (2008). "Dental Microwear and Diet of the Plio-Pleistocene Hominin Paranthropus boisei". PLOS ONE. 3 (4) e2044. Bibcode:2008PLoSO...3.2044U. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002044. PMC 2315797. PMID 18446200.
Braun, D. R.; Aldeias, V.; Archer, W.; et al. (2019). "Earliest known Oldowan artifacts at >2.58 Ma from Ledi-Geraru, Ethiopia, highlight early technological diversity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (24): 11, 712–11, 717. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11611712B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1820177116. PMC 6575601. PMID 31160451.
Domínguez-Rodrigo, M.; Pickering, T. R.; Bunn, H. T. (2010). "Configurational approach to identifying the earliest hominin butchers". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 107 (49): 20929–20934. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10720929D. doi:10.1073/pnas.1013711107. PMC 3000273. PMID 21078985.

nytimes.com (Global: 7^th place; English: 7^th place)

Celia W. Dugger; John Noble Wilford (April 8, 2010). "New Hominid Species Discovered in South Africa". The New York Times.
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phys.org (Global: 1,595^th place; English: 1,363^rd place)

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Pronunciation with stressed penultimate syllable and long-E is used by anthropologists such as Lee Berger (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rm_tWwZSRzU) and Raymond Dart (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9A2tpvXkWQ&t=2297s) (time 38:20) and conforms to ALA-LC Romanization tables (https://www.loc.gov/catdir/cpso/romanization/greek.pdf) and classical scholarship (Kelly, H.A., 1986. Pronouncing Latin words in English. The Classical World, 80(1), pp.33-37).

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