Avocado (English Wikipedia)

Meadows A (31 December 2024). "Avocados will continue strong surge in 2025 and beyond". American Journal of Transportation. Retrieved 27 February 2025.

apsnet.org (Global: low place; English: 9,542^nd place)

Ohr HD, Coffer MD, McMillan RT (8 April 2003). "Diseases of Avocado (Persea americana Miller)". The American Phytopathological Society. Archived from the original on 21 June 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Molina, Alonso de (1880). Julius Platzmann (ed.). Vocabulario De La Lengua Méxicana. Edición facsimilaria (in Spanish). Leipzig: B.G. Teubner. OCLC 11400907.

aspca.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Avocado". ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Archived from the original on 2 May 2010. Retrieved 6 February 2009.

avocado.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"The Hass Mother Tree: 1926–2002". Avocado.org. Irvine, CA: California Avocado Commission. 2008. pp. 'About Avocados: History' section. Archived from the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 27 September 2008.

avocado.org.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Talking avocados" (PDF). Avocados Australia. Australian Avocado Growers' Federation. June 1990. Retrieved 16 January 2022.

avocadosfrommexico.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Avocado History". Avocados From Mexico. 18 May 2017. Archived from the original on 25 June 2025. Retrieved 24 September 2022.

avocadosource.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Stewart, W.S., Smoyer, K.M., Puffer, R.E. "Progress Report on Effects of Plant Growth Regulator Sprays on Avocados" (PDF). California Avocado Society 1948 Yearbook. 33: 113–116. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 21 September 2010.
Popenoe W. "California Avocado Society 1925-26 Yearbook: The Parent Fuerte Tree at Atlixco, Mexico" (PDF). Retrieved 1 March 2023.
Overholser EL (1924–1925). "Cold Storage Behavior of Avocados" (PDF). California Avocado Association Annual Report. 10. San Diego, California: California Avocado Association: 32–40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2009.
Appleman, D. (1944). "Preliminary Report on Toxicity of Avocado Leaves" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2012.

avofest.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

"California Avocado Festival". California Avocado Festival. 2023. Retrieved 25 July 2026.

avoseedo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Around the world culinary tour with avocados – AvoSeedo". 20 October 2015.

betterhealth.vic.gov.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Latex allergy". Better Health Channel. Archived from the original on 27 December 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

Dilip Nandwani (2014). Sustainable Horticultural Systems: Issues, Technology and Innovation. Springer. pp. 176–. ISBN 978-3-319-06904-3.
Elhadi M. Yahia (2011). Postharvest Biology and Technology of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits: Açai to Citrus. Elsevier Science. pp. 125–. ISBN 978-0-85709-276-2.
A. W. Whiley, B. Schaffer, B. N. Wolstenholme (2002). The Avocado: Botany, Production, and Uses. CABI. p. 30. ISBN 978-0-85199-978-4.
Chittaranjan Kole (2011). Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources: Tropical and Subtropical Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 172–. ISBN 978-3-642-20447-0.
Higgins J, Hunn C, Holt V (April 1911). "The Avocado in Hawaii". Hawaii Agricultural Experiment Station, Bulletin (24).
Popenoe F (February 1911). "The Avocado in Southern California". Pomona Journal of Economic Botany. 1 (1): 3–24.
Peña, Jorge E., Sharp, Jennifer L., Wysoki, M. (2002). Tropical Fruit Pests and Pollinators: Biology, Economic Importance, Natural Enemies, and Control. CABI. p. 232. ISBN 978-0-85199-976-0.
Lim T. K. (2012). Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 82. ISBN 978-94-007-2534-8.
Diana Kennedy (2010). Oaxaca Al Gusto: An Infinite Gastronomy. University of Texas Press. p. 426. ISBN 978-0-292-72266-8.

cbc.ca (Global: 110^th place; English: 65^th place)

"How green are avocados? (Yes, that's a trick question)". CBC. 25 January 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2021. Producing avocados is very water-intensive. The Water Footprint Network estimates it takes an average of 2,000 litres of water to produce one kilogram of avocados
Steele A (30 April 2022). "Ottawa man's avocado seed enterprise gives new meaning to 'green tea'". CBC News. Retrieved 20 September 2026.

cbif.gc.ca (Global: 6,301^st place; English: low place)

"Notes on poisoning: avocado". Canadian Biodiversity Information Facility. 30 June 2006. Archived from the original on 14 January 2008. Retrieved 29 December 2007.

chelseaphysicgarden.co.uk (Global: low place; English: low place)

Parry K (16 January 2023). "Persea americana". Chelsea Physic Garden. Retrieved 17 November 2024.

cnbc.com (Global: 303^rd place; English: 191^st place)

Rice N (17 August 2024). "Why 90% of the U.S. avocado supply comes from Mexico". CNBC. Retrieved 24 July 2026.

cnn.com (Global: 36^th place; English: 26^th place)

Shortell D (13 July 2024). "As cartels take a stake in 'green gold,' US and Mexico rethink how avocados reach American kitchens". CNN. Retrieved 24 July 2026.

cooksinfo.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Fuerte Avocado". Cook's Info. Retrieved 28 February 2023.

diningchicago.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Zeldes LA (2 June 2010). "Eat this! The 'Hass' avocado, black and green and creamy". Dining Chicago. Chicago's Restaurant & Entertainment Guide, Inc. Archived from the original on 21 September 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2010.

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Wegier, A., Lorea Hernández, F., Contreras, A., et al. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Persea americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T96986556A129765464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T96986556A96986588.en. Retrieved 6 June 2026.
Dillehay TD, Goodbred S, Pino M, et al. (2017). "Simple technologies and diverse food strategies of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Huaca Prieta, Coastal Peru". Science Advances. 3 (5) e1602778. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2778D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602778. PMC 5443642. PMID 28560337.
Chen H, Morrell PL, Ashworth VE, et al. (20 May 2008). "Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars". Journal of Heredity. 100 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn068. PMID 18779226.
Ayala Silva T, Ledesma N (2014). "Avocado History, Biodiversity and Production". Sustainable Horticultural Systems. Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. Vol. 2. pp. 157–205. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06904-3_8. ISBN 978-3-319-06903-6.
Rendón-Anaya M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Méndez-Bravo A, et al. (20 August 2019). "The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (34): 17081–17089. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11617081R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1822129116. PMC 6708331. PMID 31387975.
Sommaruga R, Eldridge HM (13 December 2020). "Avocado production: Water footprint and socioeconomic implications". EuroChoices. 20 (2): 48–53. doi:10.1111/1746-692x.12289.
Dhesi SZ, Jolly AR, Muñoz R, et al. (7 November 2025). "Climate change and agricultural workers in the Michoacán avocado industry: Opportunities and trade-offs in coupling plant and human health for sustainability". Elem Sci Anth. 13 (1) 00018. Bibcode:2025EleSA..1300018D. doi:10.1525/elementa.2025.00018.
Khan N, Kakabadse NK, Skouloudis A (17 November 2021). "Socio-ecological resilience and environmental sustainability: case of avocado from Mexico" (PDF). International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 28 (8): 744–758. Bibcode:2021IJSDW..28..744K. doi:10.1080/13504509.2021.1902419.
Bravo-Espinosa M, Mendoza ME, CarlóN Allende T, et al. (September 2014). "Effects of converting forest to avocado orchards on topsoil properties in the trans-Mexican volcanic system, Mexico". Land Degradation & Development. 25 (5): 452–467. Bibcode:2014LDeDe..25..452B. doi:10.1002/ldr.2163.
Grüter R, Trachsel T, Laube P, et al. (26 January 2022). "Expected global suitability of coffee, cashew and avocado due to climate change". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261976. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761976G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261976. PMC 8791496. PMID 35081123.
Smith CE (April 1966). "Archeological evidence for selection in avocado". Economic Botany. 20 (2): 169–175. Bibcode:1966EcBot..20..169S. doi:10.1007/BF02904012.
Galindo-Tovar ME, Ogata-Aguilar N, Arzate-Fernández AM (May 2008). "Some aspects of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) diversity and domestication in Mesoamerica". Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 55 (3): 441–450. Bibcode:2008GRCEv..55..441G. doi:10.1007/s10722-007-9250-5.
Berdugo-Cely JA, et al. (2023). "Pleistocene-dated genomic divergence of avocado trees supports cryptic diversity in the Colombian germplasm". Tree Genetics & Genomes. 19 (42) 42. doi:10.1007/s11295-023-01616-8.
Janzen DH, Martin PS (January 1982). "Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate". Science. 215 (4528): 19–27. Bibcode:1982Sci...215...19J. doi:10.1126/science.215.4528.19. PMID 17790450.
Nigel-Wolstenholme B, Whiley A (1999). "Ecophysiology of the avocado (Persea americana Mill.) tree as a basis for pre-harvest management". Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura. 5. doi:10.5154/r.rchsh.1999.06.043.
Blanco G, Tella JL, Díaz-Luque JA, et al. (29 August 2019). "Multiple External Seed Dispersers Challenge the Megafaunal Syndrome Anachronism and the Surrogate Ecological Function of Livestock". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7 328. Bibcode:2019FrEEv...7..328B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00328. hdl:10261/199258.
Mittelman P, Dracxler CM, Santos-Coutinho PR, et al. (December 2021). "Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities". Biological Reviews. 96 (6): 2425–2445. Bibcode:2021BioRv..96.2425M. doi:10.1111/brv.12761. hdl:11245.1/3c06d309-544f-48f5-b692-f771964c1223. PMID 34156131.
Velez-Liendo X, Jackson D, Ruiz-García M, et al. (2020). "Andean Bear ( Tremarctos ornatus )". Bears of the World. pp. 78–87. doi:10.1017/9781108692571.008. ISBN 978-1-108-69257-1.
Galindo-Tovar, María Elena, Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M., Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao, et al. (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 12 (2): 325–334, [325]. doi:10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 41761865. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015.
Rodriguez-Garcia MT, Pedrozo-Acuña A, Breña-Naranjo JA (26 December 2025). "Impact of avocado expansion on deforestation and water availability in Michoacán, Mexico". Hydrology Research. 57 (1): 31–60. doi:10.2166/nh.2025.058.
Denvir A, Arima EY, González-Rodríguez A, et al. (January 2022). "Ecological and human dimensions of avocado expansion in México: Towards supply-chain sustainability". Ambio. 51 (1): 152–166. Bibcode:2022Ambio..51..152D. doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01538-6. PMC 8651965. PMID 33738729.
Barreras A, Gutiérrez S, Vázquez-Lule A, et al. (20 March 2026). "Soil moisture decline across the Avocado "Green Gold Belt" in central Mexico". Nature NPJ: Sustainable Agriculture. 4 (1) 24. Bibcode:2026npjSA...4...24B. doi:10.1038/s44264-026-00138-9.
Montazar A, Faber B, Corwin D, et al. (31 May 2025). "Quantifying evapotranspiration and crop coefficients of California 'Hass' avocado affected by various environmental and plant factors". Agricultural Water Management. 313 109481. Bibcode:2025AgWM..31309481M. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109481.
O'Brien C, Hiti-Bandaralage JC, Hayward A, et al. (2018). "Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)". Step Wise Protocols for Somatic Embryogenesis of Important Woody Plants. Forestry Sciences. Vol. 85. pp. 305–328. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-79087-9_24. ISBN 978-3-319-79086-2.
Protopulvinaria pyriformis (Pyriform scale). CABI Compendium (Report). 2021. doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.44552.
Brehler R, Theissen U, Mohr C, et al. (April 1997). "'Latex-fruit syndrome': frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies". Allergy. 52 (4): 404–410. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01019.x. PMID 9188921.
Oelrichs PB, Ng JC, Seawright AA, et al. (1995). "Isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (Persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium". Natural Toxins. 3 (5): 344–349. doi:10.1002/nt.2620030504. PMID 8581318.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
Dreher ML, Davenport AJ (2013). "Hass avocado composition and potential health effects". Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. 53 (7): 738–750. Bibcode:2013CRFSN..53..738D. doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.556759. PMC 3664913. PMID 23638933.
Schoeneck M, Iggman D (May 2021). "The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 31 (5): 1325–1338. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.032. PMID 33762150.
Candeloro BM, Barbalho SM, Laurindo LF, et al. (2025). "Is avocado beneficial for lipid profiles? An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses". Clinical Nutrition, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. 69: 673–685. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2025.08.019. PMID 40876535.
Bates RP (1970). "Heat-Induced Off-Flavor in Avocado Flesh". Journal of Food Science. 35 (4): 478–482. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1970.tb00962.x.
Farley KX, Aizpuru M, Boden SH, et al. (May 2020). "Avocado-related knife injuries: Describing an epidemic of hand injury". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 38 (5): 864–868. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.06.051. PMID 31303536.

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"Avocado Festival". Fallbrook Chamber of Commerce. 2026. Retrieved 25 July 2026.

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"Crops/World regions/Production quantity (pick lists) of avocados for 2024". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistical Division (FAOSTAT). 2026. Retrieved 11 May 2026.
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Pharao Hansen, Magnus (2021). "Avocado og testikelsovs:et internet meme og en aztekisk etymologi (Avocados and testicle sauce: an internet meme and an aztec etymology" (PDF). Mål og Mæle. 42 (3): 9–12.

freshfruitportal.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

Bravo M (3 June 2026). "ProHass warns of climate impact on avocado: Peruvian season could end a month earlier". Fresh Fruit Portal. Retrieved 25 July 2026.
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freshplaza.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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garden.eco (Global: low place; English: low place)

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Blanco G, Tella JL, Díaz-Luque JA, et al. (29 August 2019). "Multiple External Seed Dispersers Challenge the Megafaunal Syndrome Anachronism and the Surrogate Ecological Function of Livestock". Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 7 328. Bibcode:2019FrEEv...7..328B. doi:10.3389/fevo.2019.00328. hdl:10261/199258.
Mittelman P, Dracxler CM, Santos-Coutinho PR, et al. (December 2021). "Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities". Biological Reviews. 96 (6): 2425–2445. Bibcode:2021BioRv..96.2425M. doi:10.1111/brv.12761. hdl:11245.1/3c06d309-544f-48f5-b692-f771964c1223. PMID 34156131.
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hindu.com (Global: 511^th place; English: 294^th place)

"Avocado holds promise for Wayanad farmers". The Hindu. 16 April 2010. Archived from the original on 21 April 2010.

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independent.ie (Global: 324^th place; English: 162^nd place)

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iucnredlist.org (Global: 39^th place; English: 71^st place)

Wegier, A., Lorea Hernández, F., Contreras, A., et al. (2018) [errata version of 2017 assessment]. "Persea americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T96986556A129765464. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T96986556A96986588.en. Retrieved 6 June 2026.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Galindo-Tovar, María Elena, Arzate-Fernández, Amaury M., Ogata-Aguilar, Nisao, et al. (2007). "The avocado (Persea americana, Lauraceae) crop in Mesoamerica: 10,000 years of history" (PDF). Harvard Papers in Botany. 12 (2): 325–334, [325]. doi:10.3100/1043-4534(2007)12[325:TAPALC]2.0.CO;2. JSTOR 41761865. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 October 2015.

kb.se (Global: 276^th place; English: 804^th place)

urn.kb.se

Schoeneck M, Iggman D (May 2021). "The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials". Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 31 (5): 1325–1338. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2020.12.032. PMID 33762150.

latimes.com (Global: 32^nd place; English: 21^st place)

Steve Chawkins (3 June 2013). "Gil Henry dies at 88; revolutionized avocado industry; Henry pioneered the use of a 'ripening room' at his family's Escondido farm. The method, now an industry standard, allows markets to sell fruit that is ready to eat or close to it". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 June 2013.
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manchester.ac.uk (Global: 3,934^th place; English: 2,410^th place)

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nahuatlstudies.blogspot.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

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nationalgeographic.com (Global: 489^th place; English: 425^th place)

"What climate change means for the future of coffee, cashews, and avocados". National Geographic Environment. 26 January 2022. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

nih.gov (Global: 5^th place; English: 5^th place)

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Dillehay TD, Goodbred S, Pino M, et al. (2017). "Simple technologies and diverse food strategies of the Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene at Huaca Prieta, Coastal Peru". Science Advances. 3 (5) e1602778. Bibcode:2017SciA....3E2778D. doi:10.1126/sciadv.1602778. PMC 5443642. PMID 28560337.
Chen H, Morrell PL, Ashworth VE, et al. (20 May 2008). "Tracing the Geographic Origins of Major Avocado Cultivars". Journal of Heredity. 100 (1): 56–65. doi:10.1093/jhered/esn068. PMID 18779226.
Rendón-Anaya M, Ibarra-Laclette E, Méndez-Bravo A, et al. (20 August 2019). "The avocado genome informs deep angiosperm phylogeny, highlights introgressive hybridization, and reveals pathogen-influenced gene space adaptation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (34): 17081–17089. Bibcode:2019PNAS..11617081R. doi:10.1073/pnas.1822129116. PMC 6708331. PMID 31387975.
Grüter R, Trachsel T, Laube P, et al. (26 January 2022). "Expected global suitability of coffee, cashew and avocado due to climate change". PLOS ONE. 17 (1) e0261976. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1761976G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261976. PMC 8791496. PMID 35081123.
Janzen DH, Martin PS (January 1982). "Neotropical Anachronisms: The Fruits the Gomphotheres Ate". Science. 215 (4528): 19–27. Bibcode:1982Sci...215...19J. doi:10.1126/science.215.4528.19. PMID 17790450.
Mittelman P, Dracxler CM, Santos-Coutinho PR, et al. (December 2021). "Sowing forests: a synthesis of seed dispersal and predation by agoutis and their influence on plant communities". Biological Reviews. 96 (6): 2425–2445. Bibcode:2021BioRv..96.2425M. doi:10.1111/brv.12761. hdl:11245.1/3c06d309-544f-48f5-b692-f771964c1223. PMID 34156131.
Denvir A, Arima EY, González-Rodríguez A, et al. (January 2022). "Ecological and human dimensions of avocado expansion in México: Towards supply-chain sustainability". Ambio. 51 (1): 152–166. Bibcode:2022Ambio..51..152D. doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01538-6. PMC 8651965. PMID 33738729.
Brehler R, Theissen U, Mohr C, et al. (April 1997). "'Latex-fruit syndrome': frequency of cross-reacting IgE antibodies". Allergy. 52 (4): 404–410. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1997.tb01019.x. PMID 9188921.
Oelrichs PB, Ng JC, Seawright AA, et al. (1995). "Isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (Persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium". Natural Toxins. 3 (5): 344–349. doi:10.1002/nt.2620030504. PMID 8581318.
"TABLE 4-7 Comparison of Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in This Report to Potassium Adequate Intakes Established in the 2005 DRI Report". p. 120. In: Stallings VA, Harrison M, Oria M, eds. (2019). "Potassium: Dietary Reference Intakes for Adequacy". Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. pp. 101–124. doi:10.17226/25353. ISBN 978-0-309-48834-1. PMID 30844154. NCBI NBK545428.
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