Avoidant personality disorder (English Wikipedia)

"Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth ed.). American Psychiatric Association. 2013. pp. 234–236. doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852. ISBN 978-0-89042-555-8.
Eikenaes I, Pedersen G, Wilberg T (September 2016). "Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia". Psychology and Psychotherapy. 89 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1111/papt.12075. hdl:10852/50233. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 26332087.
Verheul R (2001-08-01). "Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders". European Psychiatry. 16 (5): 274–282. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(01)00578-8. PMID 11514129. S2CID 29066695.
Sanderson WC, Wetzler S, Beck AT, Betz F (February 1994). "Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders". Psychiatry Research. 51 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90036-1. PMID 8022951. S2CID 13101675.
Gratz KL, Tull MT (2012-08-30). "Exploring the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and deliberate self-harm: the moderating roles of borderline and avoidant personality disorders". Psychiatry Research. 199 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.025. ISSN 0165-1781. PMC 3407331. PMID 22521897.
Eggum ND, Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Valiente C, Edwards A, Kupfer AS, et al. (2009). "Predictors of withdrawal: Possible precursors of avoidant personality disorder". Development and Psychopathology. 21 (3): 815–38. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000443. PMC 2774890. PMID 19583885.
Johnson JG, Smailes EM, Cohen P, Brown J, Bernstein DP (2000). "Associations between four types of childhood neglect and personality disorder symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood: findings of a community-based longitudinal study". Journal of Personality Disorders. 14 (2): 171–87. doi:10.1521/pedi.2000.14.2.171. PMID 10897467.
Joyce PR, McKenzie JM, Luty SE, Mulder RT, Carter JD, Sullivan PF, et al. (2003). "Temperament, childhood environment and psychopathology as risk factors for avoidant and borderline personality disorders". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 37 (6): 756–64. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01263.x. PMID 14636393. S2CID 154962.
Johnson JG, Cohen P, Brown J, Smailes EM, Bernstein DP (1999). "Childhood Maltreatment Increases Risk for Personality Disorders During Early Adulthood". Archives of General Psychiatry. 56 (7): 600–6. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.600. PMID 10401504.
Battle CL, Shea MT, Johnson DM, Yen S, Zlotnick C, Zanarini MC, et al. (2004). "Childhood Maltreatment Associated With Adult Personality Disorders: Findings From the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study". Journal of Personality Disorders. 18 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1521/pedi.18.2.193.32777. PMID 15176757.
Meyer B, Ajchenbrenner M, Bowles DP (December 2005). "Sensory sensitivity, attachment experiences, and rejection responses among adults with borderline and avoidant features". Journal of Personality Disorders. 19 (6): 641–658. doi:10.1521/pedi.2005.19.6.641. ISSN 0885-579X. PMID 16553560.
David L. Fogelson, Keith Nuechterlein (2007). "Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders". Schizophrenia Research. 91 (1–3): 192–199. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1019.5817. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.023. PMC 1904485. PMID 17306508.
Lehnhardt FG, Gawronski A, Pfeiffer K, Kockler H, Schilbach L, Vogeley K (November 2013). "The Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome in Adults". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 110 (45): 755–763. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0755. PMC 3849991. PMID 24290364.
Weinbrecht, Anna, Schulze, Lars, Boettcher, Johanna, Renneberg, Babette (2016). "Avoidant Personality Disorder: a Current Review". Current Psychiatry Reports. 18 (3): 29. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0665-6. PMID 26830887. S2CID 34358884..
Ralevski E, Sanislow CA, Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Tracie Shea M, et al. (2005). "Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: distinct enough to be separate disorders?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (3): 208–14. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00580.x. PMID 16095476. S2CID 16517625.
Nedic A, Zivanovic O, Lisulov R (2011). "Nosological status of social phobia: contrasting classical and recent literature". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 24 (1): 61–6. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833fb5a6. PMID 20966756. S2CID 31505197.
Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Czajkowski N, Torgersen S, Neale MC, Orstavik RE, Tambs K, et al. (2007). "The Relationship Between Avoidant Personality Disorder and Social Phobia: A Population-Based Twin Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 164 (11): 1722–8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101764. PMID 17974938. S2CID 23171568.
Reich J (2009). "Avoidant personality disorder and its relationship to social phobia". Current Psychiatry Reports. 11 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0014-0. PMID 19187715. S2CID 40728363.
Huppert JD, Strunk DR, Ledley DR, Davidson JR, Foa EB (2008). "Generalized social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: structural analysis and treatment outcome". Depression and Anxiety. 25 (5): 441–8. doi:10.1002/da.20349. PMID 17618526. S2CID 9179813.
Herbert JD, Hope DA, Bellack AS (1992). "Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder". J Abnorm Psychol. 101 (2): 332–9. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.2.332. PMID 1583228.
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, et al. (2004). "Prevalence, Correlates, and Disability of Personality Disorders in the United States". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 65 (7): 948–58. doi:10.4088/JCP.v65n0711. PMID 15291684.
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., Chelminski, I. (2005). "The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 162 (10): 1911–1918. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1911. PMID 16199838.

handle.net

hdl.handle.net

Eikenaes I, Pedersen G, Wilberg T (September 2016). "Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia". Psychology and Psychotherapy. 89 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1111/papt.12075. hdl:10852/50233. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 26332087.

health.am

Suzanne M. Sutherland, M.D. (2006). "Avoidant Personality Disorder Causes, Frequency, Siblings and Mortality — Morbidity". Avoidant Personality Disorder. Armenian Medical Network. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-02-26.

medscape.com

emedicine.medscape.com

Rettew DC, Michael S Jellinek, Alicia C Doyle (March 4, 2008). "Avoidant Personality Disorder". eMedicine. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.

millon.net

Millon T (2015). "Personality Subtypes Summary". Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology (millon.net). Archived from the original on 2017-06-21. Retrieved 2013-01-08.

mind.org.uk

"Personality Disorder - Treatment". Mind. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 5 February 2016.

nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au

"Personality disorders and substance use - National Drug Strategy" (PDF). National Drug Strategy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-03-27.

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Eikenaes I, Pedersen G, Wilberg T (September 2016). "Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia". Psychology and Psychotherapy. 89 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1111/papt.12075. hdl:10852/50233. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 26332087.
Verheul R (2001-08-01). "Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders". European Psychiatry. 16 (5): 274–282. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(01)00578-8. PMID 11514129. S2CID 29066695.
Sanderson WC, Wetzler S, Beck AT, Betz F (February 1994). "Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders". Psychiatry Research. 51 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90036-1. PMID 8022951. S2CID 13101675.
Gratz KL, Tull MT (2012-08-30). "Exploring the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and deliberate self-harm: the moderating roles of borderline and avoidant personality disorders". Psychiatry Research. 199 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.025. ISSN 0165-1781. PMC 3407331. PMID 22521897.
Eggum ND, Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Valiente C, Edwards A, Kupfer AS, et al. (2009). "Predictors of withdrawal: Possible precursors of avoidant personality disorder". Development and Psychopathology. 21 (3): 815–38. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000443. PMC 2774890. PMID 19583885.
Johnson JG, Smailes EM, Cohen P, Brown J, Bernstein DP (2000). "Associations between four types of childhood neglect and personality disorder symptoms during adolescence and early adulthood: findings of a community-based longitudinal study". Journal of Personality Disorders. 14 (2): 171–87. doi:10.1521/pedi.2000.14.2.171. PMID 10897467.
Joyce PR, McKenzie JM, Luty SE, Mulder RT, Carter JD, Sullivan PF, et al. (2003). "Temperament, childhood environment and psychopathology as risk factors for avoidant and borderline personality disorders". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 37 (6): 756–64. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01263.x. PMID 14636393. S2CID 154962.
Johnson JG, Cohen P, Brown J, Smailes EM, Bernstein DP (1999). "Childhood Maltreatment Increases Risk for Personality Disorders During Early Adulthood". Archives of General Psychiatry. 56 (7): 600–6. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.7.600. PMID 10401504.
Battle CL, Shea MT, Johnson DM, Yen S, Zlotnick C, Zanarini MC, et al. (2004). "Childhood Maltreatment Associated With Adult Personality Disorders: Findings From the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study". Journal of Personality Disorders. 18 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1521/pedi.18.2.193.32777. PMID 15176757.
Meyer B, Ajchenbrenner M, Bowles DP (December 2005). "Sensory sensitivity, attachment experiences, and rejection responses among adults with borderline and avoidant features". Journal of Personality Disorders. 19 (6): 641–658. doi:10.1521/pedi.2005.19.6.641. ISSN 0885-579X. PMID 16553560.
David L. Fogelson, Keith Nuechterlein (2007). "Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders". Schizophrenia Research. 91 (1–3): 192–199. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1019.5817. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.023. PMC 1904485. PMID 17306508.
Lehnhardt FG, Gawronski A, Pfeiffer K, Kockler H, Schilbach L, Vogeley K (November 2013). "The Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome in Adults". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 110 (45): 755–763. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0755. PMC 3849991. PMID 24290364.
Weinbrecht, Anna, Schulze, Lars, Boettcher, Johanna, Renneberg, Babette (2016). "Avoidant Personality Disorder: a Current Review". Current Psychiatry Reports. 18 (3): 29. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0665-6. PMID 26830887. S2CID 34358884..
Ralevski E, Sanislow CA, Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Tracie Shea M, et al. (2005). "Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: distinct enough to be separate disorders?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (3): 208–14. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00580.x. PMID 16095476. S2CID 16517625.
Nedic A, Zivanovic O, Lisulov R (2011). "Nosological status of social phobia: contrasting classical and recent literature". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 24 (1): 61–6. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833fb5a6. PMID 20966756. S2CID 31505197.
Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Czajkowski N, Torgersen S, Neale MC, Orstavik RE, Tambs K, et al. (2007). "The Relationship Between Avoidant Personality Disorder and Social Phobia: A Population-Based Twin Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 164 (11): 1722–8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101764. PMID 17974938. S2CID 23171568.
Reich J (2009). "Avoidant personality disorder and its relationship to social phobia". Current Psychiatry Reports. 11 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0014-0. PMID 19187715. S2CID 40728363.
Huppert JD, Strunk DR, Ledley DR, Davidson JR, Foa EB (2008). "Generalized social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: structural analysis and treatment outcome". Depression and Anxiety. 25 (5): 441–8. doi:10.1002/da.20349. PMID 17618526. S2CID 9179813.
Herbert JD, Hope DA, Bellack AS (1992). "Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder". J Abnorm Psychol. 101 (2): 332–9. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.2.332. PMID 1583228.
Grant BF, Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Dawson DA, Chou SP, Ruan WJ, et al. (2004). "Prevalence, Correlates, and Disability of Personality Disorders in the United States". The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 65 (7): 948–58. doi:10.4088/JCP.v65n0711. PMID 15291684.
Zimmerman, M., Rothschild, L., Chelminski, I. (2005). "The prevalence of DSM-IV personality disorders in psychiatric outpatients". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 162 (10): 1911–1918. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.10.1911. PMID 16199838.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Gratz KL, Tull MT (2012-08-30). "Exploring the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and deliberate self-harm: the moderating roles of borderline and avoidant personality disorders". Psychiatry Research. 199 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.025. ISSN 0165-1781. PMC 3407331. PMID 22521897.
Eggum ND, Eisenberg N, Spinrad TL, Valiente C, Edwards A, Kupfer AS, et al. (2009). "Predictors of withdrawal: Possible precursors of avoidant personality disorder". Development and Psychopathology. 21 (3): 815–38. doi:10.1017/S0954579409000443. PMC 2774890. PMID 19583885.
David L. Fogelson, Keith Nuechterlein (2007). "Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders". Schizophrenia Research. 91 (1–3): 192–199. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1019.5817. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.023. PMC 1904485. PMID 17306508.
Lehnhardt FG, Gawronski A, Pfeiffer K, Kockler H, Schilbach L, Vogeley K (November 2013). "The Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome in Adults". Deutsches Ärzteblatt International. 110 (45): 755–763. doi:10.3238/arztebl.2013.0755. PMC 3849991. PMID 24290364.

nootropicsfrontline.com

Van Velzen, C. J. M. (2002). Social Phobia and Personality Disorders: Comorbidity and Treatment Issues. Groningen: University Library Groningen. (online version Archived 2021-10-30 at the Wayback Machine)

psu.edu

citeseerx.ist.psu.edu

David L. Fogelson, Keith Nuechterlein (2007). "Avoidant personality disorder is a separable schizophrenia-spectrum personality disorder even when controlling for the presence of paranoid and schizotypal personality disorders". Schizophrenia Research. 91 (1–3): 192–199. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.1019.5817. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2006.12.023. PMC 1904485. PMID 17306508.

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Verheul R (2001-08-01). "Co-morbidity of personality disorders in individuals with substance use disorders". European Psychiatry. 16 (5): 274–282. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(01)00578-8. PMID 11514129. S2CID 29066695.
Sanderson WC, Wetzler S, Beck AT, Betz F (February 1994). "Prevalence of personality disorders among patients with anxiety disorders". Psychiatry Research. 51 (2): 167–174. doi:10.1016/0165-1781(94)90036-1. PMID 8022951. S2CID 13101675.
Joyce PR, McKenzie JM, Luty SE, Mulder RT, Carter JD, Sullivan PF, et al. (2003). "Temperament, childhood environment and psychopathology as risk factors for avoidant and borderline personality disorders". Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 37 (6): 756–64. doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.2003.01263.x. PMID 14636393. S2CID 154962.
Weinbrecht, Anna, Schulze, Lars, Boettcher, Johanna, Renneberg, Babette (2016). "Avoidant Personality Disorder: a Current Review". Current Psychiatry Reports. 18 (3): 29. doi:10.1007/s11920-016-0665-6. PMID 26830887. S2CID 34358884..
Ralevski E, Sanislow CA, Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Tracie Shea M, et al. (2005). "Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: distinct enough to be separate disorders?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (3): 208–14. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00580.x. PMID 16095476. S2CID 16517625.
Nedic A, Zivanovic O, Lisulov R (2011). "Nosological status of social phobia: contrasting classical and recent literature". Current Opinion in Psychiatry. 24 (1): 61–6. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833fb5a6. PMID 20966756. S2CID 31505197.
Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Czajkowski N, Torgersen S, Neale MC, Orstavik RE, Tambs K, et al. (2007). "The Relationship Between Avoidant Personality Disorder and Social Phobia: A Population-Based Twin Study". American Journal of Psychiatry. 164 (11): 1722–8. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06101764. PMID 17974938. S2CID 23171568.
Reich J (2009). "Avoidant personality disorder and its relationship to social phobia". Current Psychiatry Reports. 11 (1): 89–93. doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0014-0. PMID 19187715. S2CID 40728363.
Huppert JD, Strunk DR, Ledley DR, Davidson JR, Foa EB (2008). "Generalized social anxiety disorder and avoidant personality disorder: structural analysis and treatment outcome". Depression and Anxiety. 25 (5): 441–8. doi:10.1002/da.20349. PMID 17618526. S2CID 9179813.

tljones.co.uk

"Avoidant Personality Disorder – Environmental Factors". Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2013-07-22.

toad.net

Eckleberry, Sharon C. (2000-03-25). "Dual Diagnosis and the Avoidant Personality Disorder". The Dual Diagnosis Pages: From Our Desk. Archived from the original on 2006-12-16. Retrieved 2007-02-06.

unl.edu

digitalcommons.unl.edu

Herbert JD, Hope DA, Bellack AS (1992). "Validity of the distinction between generalized social phobia and avoidant personality disorder". J Abnorm Psychol. 101 (2): 332–9. doi:10.1037/0021-843x.101.2.332. PMID 1583228.

unsw.edu.au

ndarc.med.unsw.edu.au

"Personality + substance use" (PDF). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-04.

web.archive.org

Anxious [avoidant personality disorder] in ICD-10: Diagnostic Criteria Archived 2016-06-18 at the Wayback Machine and Clinical descriptions and guidelines. Archived 2014-03-23 at the Wayback Machine
"Avoidant Personality Disorder – Environmental Factors". Archived from the original on 2014-10-28. Retrieved 2013-07-22.
"Personality disorders and substance use - National Drug Strategy" (PDF). National Drug Strategy. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-03-27.
"Personality + substance use" (PDF). National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-12-04.
Van Velzen, C. J. M. (2002). Social Phobia and Personality Disorders: Comorbidity and Treatment Issues. Groningen: University Library Groningen. (online version Archived 2021-10-30 at the Wayback Machine)
Rettew DC, Michael S Jellinek, Alicia C Doyle (March 4, 2008). "Avoidant Personality Disorder". eMedicine. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
Suzanne M. Sutherland, M.D. (2006). "Avoidant Personality Disorder Causes, Frequency, Siblings and Mortality — Morbidity". Avoidant Personality Disorder. Armenian Medical Network. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-02-26.
Theodore Millon (2004): Chapter 6 – The Avoidant Personality (p.187). Personality Disorders in Modern Life. Archived 2017-02-07 at the Wayback Machine Wiley, 2nd Edition. ISBN 0-471-23734-5.
Millon T (2015). "Personality Subtypes Summary". Institute for Advanced Studies in Personology and Psychopathology (millon.net). Archived from the original on 2017-06-21. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
Eckleberry, Sharon C. (2000-03-25). "Dual Diagnosis and the Avoidant Personality Disorder". The Dual Diagnosis Pages: From Our Desk. Archived from the original on 2006-12-16. Retrieved 2007-02-06.
"Personality Disorder - Treatment". Mind. Archived from the original on 2016-02-05. Retrieved 5 February 2016.

wesleyan.edu

wesscholar.wesleyan.edu

Battle CL, Shea MT, Johnson DM, Yen S, Zlotnick C, Zanarini MC, et al. (2004). "Childhood Maltreatment Associated With Adult Personality Disorders: Findings From the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study". Journal of Personality Disorders. 18 (2): 193–211. doi:10.1521/pedi.18.2.193.32777. PMID 15176757.
Ralevski E, Sanislow CA, Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Tracie Shea M, et al. (2005). "Avoidant personality disorder and social phobia: distinct enough to be separate disorders?". Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 112 (3): 208–14. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2005.00580.x. PMID 16095476. S2CID 16517625.

who.int

Anxious [avoidant personality disorder] in ICD-10: Diagnostic Criteria Archived 2016-06-18 at the Wayback Machine and Clinical descriptions and guidelines. Archived 2014-03-23 at the Wayback Machine

worldcat.org

search.worldcat.org

Eikenaes I, Pedersen G, Wilberg T (September 2016). "Attachment styles in patients with avoidant personality disorder compared with social phobia". Psychology and Psychotherapy. 89 (3): 245–260. doi:10.1111/papt.12075. hdl:10852/50233. ISSN 2044-8341. PMID 26332087.
Gratz KL, Tull MT (2012-08-30). "Exploring the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and deliberate self-harm: the moderating roles of borderline and avoidant personality disorders". Psychiatry Research. 199 (1): 19–23. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.03.025. ISSN 0165-1781. PMC 3407331. PMID 22521897.
Meyer B, Ajchenbrenner M, Bowles DP (December 2005). "Sensory sensitivity, attachment experiences, and rejection responses among adults with borderline and avoidant features". Journal of Personality Disorders. 19 (6): 641–658. doi:10.1521/pedi.2005.19.6.641. ISSN 0885-579X. PMID 16553560.