References analysis of the Wikipedia article "Azathioprine" in the English version

doi.org

Axelrad JE, Lichtiger S, Yajnik V (May 2016). "Inflammatory bowel disease and cancer: The role of inflammation, immunosuppression, and cancer treatment". World Journal of Gastroenterology (Review). 22 (20): 4794–4801. doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i20.4794. PMC 4873872. PMID 27239106.

Singer O, McCune WJ (May 2017). "Update on maintenance therapy for granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 29 (3): 248–253. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000382. PMID 28306595. S2CID 35805200.

Jordan N, D'Cruz D (2016). "Current and emerging treatment options in the management of lupus". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. 5: 9–20. doi:10.2147/ITT.S40675. PMC 4970629. PMID 27529058.

Patel AA, Swerlick RA, McCall CO (September 2006). "Azathioprine in dermatology: the past, the present, and the future". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 55 (3): 369–389. doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.07.059. PMID 16908341.

Evans WE (April 2004). "Pharmacogenetics of thiopurine S-methyltransferase and thiopurine therapy". Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. 26 (2): 186–191. doi:10.1097/00007691-200404000-00018. PMID 15228163. S2CID 34015182.

Nuyttens JJ, Harper J, Jenrette JM, Turrisi AT (January 2005). "Outcome of radiation therapy for renal transplant rejection refractory to chemical immunosuppression". Radiotherapy and Oncology. 74 (1): 17–19. doi:10.1016/j.radonc.2004.08.011. PMID 15683663.

Remuzzi G, Lesti M, Gotti E, Ganeva M, Dimitrov BD, Ene-Iordache B, et al. (August 2004). "Mycophenolate mofetil versus azathioprine for prevention of acute rejection in renal transplantation (MYSS): a randomised trial". Lancet. 364 (9433): 503–512. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16808-6. PMID 15302193. S2CID 22033113.

Suarez-Almazor ME, Spooner C, Belseck E (2000). Suarez-Almazor ME (ed.). "Azathioprine for treating rheumatoid arthritis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010 (4): CD001461. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001461. PMC 8406472. PMID 11034720.

Sandborn WJ (1998). "Azathioprine: state of the art in inflammatory bowel disease". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement. 225 (234): 92–99. doi:10.1080/003655298750027290. PMID 9515759.

Biancone L, Tosti C, Fina D, Fantini M, De Nigris F, Geremia A, et al. (June 2003). "Review article: maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 17 (Suppl 2): 31–37. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.17.s2.20.x. PMID 12786610. S2CID 23554085.

Rutgeerts P (October 2004). "Review article: treatment of perianal fistulizing Crohn's disease". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 20 (Suppl 4): 106–110. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02060.x. PMID 15352905. S2CID 71968695.

Kandiel A, Fraser AG, Korelitz BI, Brensinger C, Lewis JD (August 2005). "Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine". Gut. 54 (8): 1121–1125. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.049460. PMC 1774897. PMID 16009685.

Kirschner BS (October 1998). "Safety of azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Gastroenterology. 115 (4): 813–821. doi:10.1016/S0016-5085(98)70251-3. PMID 9753482.

Timmer A, Patton PH, Chande N, McDonald JW, MacDonald JK (May 2016). "Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2016 (5): CD000478. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000478.pub4. PMC 7034525. PMID 27192092.

Abu-Shakra M, Shoenfeld Y (2001). "Azathioprine therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1191/096120301676669495. PMID 11315344. S2CID 71558242.

Olszewska M, Kolacinska-Strasz Z, Sulej J, Labecka H, Cwikla J, Natorska U, et al. (2007). "Efficacy and safety of cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, and cyclosporine (ciclosporin) as adjuvant drugs in pemphigus vulgaris". American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 8 (2): 85–92. doi:10.2165/00128071-200708020-00004. PMID 17428113. S2CID 10699017.

Richman DP, Agius MA (December 2003). "Treatment of autoimmune myasthenia gravis". Neurology. 61 (12): 1652–1661. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000098887.24618.a0. PMID 14694025. S2CID 24755812.

Meggitt SJ, Gray JC, Reynolds NJ (March 2006). "Azathioprine dosed by thiopurine methyltransferase activity for moderate-to-severe atopic eczema: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial". Lancet. 367 (9513): 839–846. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68340-2. PMID 16530578. S2CID 1616660.

Casetta I, Iuliano G, Filippini G (February 2009). "Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 80 (2): 131–2, discussion 132. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.144972. PMID 19151017. S2CID 207001537.

Casetta I, Iuliano G, Filippini G (October 2007). "Azathioprine for multiple sclerosis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2007 (4): CD003982. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003982.pub2. PMC 6823213. PMID 17943809.

Raghu G, Anstrom KJ, King TE, Lasky JA, Martinez FJ (May 2012). "Prednisone, azathioprine, and N-acetylcysteine for pulmonary fibrosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 366 (21): 1968–1977. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1113354. PMC 3422642. PMID 22607134.

Weersma RK, Peters FT, Oostenbrug LE, van den Berg AP, van Haastert M, Ploeg RJ, et al. (October 2004). "Increased incidence of azathioprine-induced pancreatitis in Crohn's disease compared with other diseases". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 20 (8): 843–850. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02197.x. PMID 15479355. S2CID 21873238.

Pecher D, Zelinkova Z, Lucenicova J, Peppelenbosch M, Dokupilova S, Mikusova V, et al. (November 2020). "Porous graphitic carbon based chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry: A new strategy for profiling thiopurine nucleotides in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases". Analytica Chimica Acta. 1137 (1137): 64–73. Bibcode:2020AcAC.1137...64P. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2020.08.064. PMID 33153610. S2CID 225287631.

Zaza G, Cheok M, Krynetskaia N, Thorn C, Stocco G, Hebert JM, et al. (September 2010). "Thiopurine pathway". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics. 20 (9): 573–574. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e328334338f. PMC 3098750. PMID 19952870.

Stocco G, Pelin M, Franca R, De Iudicibus S, Cuzzoni E, Favretto D, et al. (April 2014). "Pharmacogenetics of azathioprine in inflammatory bowel disease: a role for glutathione-S-transferase?". World Journal of Gastroenterology. 20 (13): 3534–3541. doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i13.3534. PMC 3974520. PMID 24707136.

Fujita K, Sasaki Y (August 2007). "Pharmacogenomics in drug-metabolizing enzymes catalyzing anticancer drugs for personalized cancer chemotherapy". Current Drug Metabolism. 8 (6): 554–562. doi:10.2174/138920007781368890. PMID 17691917. Archived from the original on 2013-01-12.

Relling MV, Gardner EE, Sandborn WJ, Schmiegelow K, Pui CH, Yee SW, et al. (March 2011). "Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines for thiopurine methyltransferase genotype and thiopurine dosing". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 89 (3). Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium: 387–391. doi:10.1038/clpt.2010.320. PMC 3098761. PMID 21270794.

Payne K, Newman W, Fargher E, Tricker K, Bruce IN, Ollier WE (May 2007). "TPMT testing in rheumatology: any better than routine monitoring?". Rheumatology. 46 (5): 727–729. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kel427. PMID 17255139.

Wang L, Pelleymounter L, Weinshilboum R, Johnson JA, Hebert JM, Altman RB, et al. (June 2010). "Very important pharmacogene summary: thiopurine S-methyltransferase". Pharmacogenetics and Genomics. 20 (6): 401–405. doi:10.1097/FPC.0b013e3283352860. PMC 3086840. PMID 20154640.

Yang SK, Hong M, Baek J, Choi H, Zhao W, Jung Y, et al. (September 2014). "A common missense variant in NUDT15 confers susceptibility to thiopurine-induced leukopenia". Nature Genetics. 46 (9): 1017–1020. doi:10.1038/ng.3060. PMC 4999337. PMID 25108385.

Gombar VK, Enslein K, Blake BW (May 1993). "Carcinogenicity of azathioprine: an S-AR investigation". Mutation Research. 302 (1): 7–12. doi:10.1016/0165-7992(93)90083-8. PMID 7683109.

McGovern DP, Jewell DP (August 2005). "Risks and benefits of azathioprine therapy". Gut. 54 (8): 1055–1059. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.053231. PMC 1774869. PMID 16009676.

O'Donovan P, Perrett CM, Zhang X, Montaner B, Xu YZ, Harwood CA, et al. (September 2005). "Azathioprine and UVA light generate mutagenic oxidative DNA damage". Science. 309 (5742): 1871–1874. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1871O. doi:10.1126/science.1114233. PMC 2426755. PMID 16166520.

Sahasranaman S, Howard D, Roy S (August 2008). "Clinical pharmacology and pharmacogenetics of thiopurines". European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 64 (8): 753–767. doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0478-6. PMID 18506437. S2CID 27475772.

Chocair P, Duley J, Simmonds HA, Cameron JS, Ianhez L, Arap S, et al. (July 1993). "Low-dose allopurinol plus azathioprine/cyclosporin/prednisolone, a novel immunosuppressive regimen". Lancet. 342 (8863): 83–84. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)91287-V. PMID 8100914. S2CID 13419507.

Sparrow MP, Hande SA, Friedman S, Lim WC, Reddy SI, Cao D, et al. (September 2005). "Allopurinol safely and effectively optimizes tioguanine metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease patients not responding to azathioprine and mercaptopurine". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 22 (5): 441–446. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02583.x. PMID 16128682. S2CID 9356163.

Sparrow MP, Hande SA, Friedman S, Cao D, Hanauer SB (February 2007). "Effect of allopurinol on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease nonresponders to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine". Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 5 (2): 209–214. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2006.11.020. PMID 17296529.

Govani SM, Higgins PD (October 2010). "Combination of thiopurines and allopurinol: adverse events and clinical benefit in IBD". Journal of Crohn's & Colitis. 4 (4): 444–449. doi:10.1016/j.crohns.2010.02.009. PMC 3157326. PMID 21122542.

Ansari A, Patel N, Sanderson J, O'Donohue J, Duley JA, Florin TH (March 2010). "Low-dose azathioprine or mercaptopurine in combination with allopurinol can bypass many adverse drug reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 31 (6): 640–647. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04221.x. PMID 20015102. S2CID 6000856.

Oliveira A, Sanches M, Selores M (October 2011). "Azathioprine-induced pellagra". The Journal of Dermatology. 38 (10): 1035–1037. doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2010.01189.x. PMID 21658113. S2CID 3396280.

Cleary BJ, Källén B (July 2009). "Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes". Birth Defects Research. Part A, Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 85 (7): 647–654. doi:10.1002/bdra.20583. PMID 19343728.

Tagatz GE, Simmons RL (January 1975). "Pregnancy after renal transplantation". Annals of Internal Medicine. 82 (1): 113–114. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-113. PMID 799904.

Nørgård B, Pedersen L, Fonager K, Rasmussen SN, Sørensen HT (March 2003). "Azathioprine, mercaptopurine and birth outcome: a population-based cohort study". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 17 (6): 827–834. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01537.x. PMID 12641505. S2CID 25314258.

Tallent MB, Simmons RL, Najarian JS (March 1970). "Birth defects in child of male recipient of kidney transplant". JAMA. 211 (11): 1854–1855. doi:10.1001/jama.211.11.1854. PMID 4905893.

Polifka JE, Friedman JM (May 2002). "Teratogen update: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine". Teratology. 65 (5): 240–261. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.7676. doi:10.1002/tera.10043. PMID 11967923.

Cronstein BN (November 2004). "Pharmacogenetics in the rheumatic diseases". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 63 (Suppl 2): ii25 – ii27. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.028217. PMC 1766779. PMID 15479867.

Karran P, Attard N (January 2008). "Thiopurines in current medical practice: molecular mechanisms and contributions to therapy-related cancer". Nature Reviews. Cancer. 8 (1): 24–36. doi:10.1038/nrc2292. PMID 18097462. S2CID 23327335.

Maltzman JS, Koretzky GA (April 2003). "Azathioprine: old drug, new actions". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (8): 1122–1124. doi:10.1172/JCI18384. PMC 152947. PMID 12697731.

Blicke FF, Godt HC (1954). "Diuretics. I. 3-Substituted Paraxanthines". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (14): 3653–3655. Bibcode:1954JAChS..76.3653B. doi:10.1021/ja01643a015.

Elion GB (April 1989). "The purine path to chemotherapy". Science. 244 (4900): 41–47. Bibcode:1989Sci...244...41E. doi:10.1126/science.2649979. PMID 2649979.

Thiersch JB (December 1962). "Effect of 6-(1'-methyl-4'-nitro-5'-imidazolyl)-mercaptopurine and 2-amino-6-(1'-methyl-4'-nitro-5'-imidazolyl)-mercaptopurine on the rat litter in utero". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. 4 (3): 297–302. doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0040297. PMID 13980986.

Schwartz R, Stack J, Dameshek W (October 1958). "Effect of 6-mercaptopurine on antibody production". Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. 99 (1): 164–167. doi:10.3181/00379727-99-24281. PMID 13601801. S2CID 8043359.

Calne RY (February 1960). "The rejection of renal homografts. Inhibition in dogs by 6-mercaptopurine". Lancet. 1 (7121): 417–418. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90343-3. PMID 13807024.

Murray JE, Merrill JP, Harrison JH, Wilson RE, Dammin GJ (June 1963). "Prolonged survival of human-kidney homografts by immunosuppressive drug therapy". The New England Journal of Medicine. 268 (24): 1315–1323. doi:10.1056/NEJM196306132682401. PMID 13936775.

Bakker RC, Hollander AA, Mallat MJ, Bruijn JA, Paul LC, de Fijter JW (September 2003). "Conversion from cyclosporine to azathioprine at three months reduces the incidence of chronic allograft nephropathy". Kidney International. 64 (3): 1027–1034. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00175.x. PMID 12911553.

Henry ML, Sommer BG, Ferguson RM (November 1985). "Beneficial effects of cyclosporine compared with azathioprine in cadaveric renal transplantation". American Journal of Surgery. 150 (5): 533–536. doi:10.1016/0002-9610(85)90431-3. PMID 2998215.

Woodroffe R, Yao GL, Meads C, Bayliss S, Ready A, Raftery J, et al. (May 2005). "Clinical and cost-effectiveness of newer immunosuppressive regimens in renal transplantation: a systematic review and modelling study". Health Technology Assessment. 9 (21): 1–194. doi:10.3310/hta9210. PMID 15899149.

harvard.edu

ui.adsabs.harvard.edu

Blicke FF, Godt HC (1954). "Diuretics. I. 3-Substituted Paraxanthines". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (14): 3653–3655. Bibcode:1954JAChS..76.3653B. doi:10.1021/ja01643a015.

Elion GB (April 1989). "The purine path to chemotherapy". Science. 244 (4900): 41–47. Bibcode:1989Sci...244...41E. doi:10.1126/science.2649979. PMID 2649979.

merriam-webster.com

nih.gov

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Jordan N, D'Cruz D (2016). "Current and emerging treatment options in the management of lupus". ImmunoTargets and Therapy. 5: 9–20. doi:10.2147/ITT.S40675. PMC 4970629. PMID 27529058.

Abu-Shakra M, Shoenfeld Y (2001). "Azathioprine therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1191/096120301676669495. PMID 11315344. S2CID 71558242.

Richman DP, Agius MA (December 2003). "Treatment of autoimmune myasthenia gravis". Neurology. 61 (12): 1652–1661. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000098887.24618.a0. PMID 14694025. S2CID 24755812.

Dean L (2012). "Azathioprine Therapy and TPMT Genotype". In Pratt VM, McLeod HL, Rubinstein WS, et al. (eds.). Medical Genetics Summaries. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). PMID 28520349. Bookshelf ID: NBK100661.

Gombar VK, Enslein K, Blake BW (May 1993). "Carcinogenicity of azathioprine: an S-AR investigation". Mutation Research. 302 (1): 7–12. doi:10.1016/0165-7992(93)90083-8. PMID 7683109.

McGovern DP, Jewell DP (August 2005). "Risks and benefits of azathioprine therapy". Gut. 54 (8): 1055–1059. doi:10.1136/gut.2004.053231. PMC 1774869. PMID 16009676.

Tagatz GE, Simmons RL (January 1975). "Pregnancy after renal transplantation". Annals of Internal Medicine. 82 (1): 113–114. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-82-1-113. PMID 799904.

Tallent MB, Simmons RL, Najarian JS (March 1970). "Birth defects in child of male recipient of kidney transplant". JAMA. 211 (11): 1854–1855. doi:10.1001/jama.211.11.1854. PMID 4905893.

Polifka JE, Friedman JM (May 2002). "Teratogen update: azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine". Teratology. 65 (5): 240–261. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.566.7676. doi:10.1002/tera.10043. PMID 11967923.

Cronstein BN (November 2004). "Pharmacogenetics in the rheumatic diseases". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 63 (Suppl 2): ii25 – ii27. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.028217. PMC 1766779. PMID 15479867.

Maltzman JS, Koretzky GA (April 2003). "Azathioprine: old drug, new actions". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 111 (8): 1122–1124. doi:10.1172/JCI18384. PMC 152947. PMID 12697731.

Elion GB (April 1989). "The purine path to chemotherapy". Science. 244 (4900): 41–47. Bibcode:1989Sci...244...41E. doi:10.1126/science.2649979. PMID 2649979.

Elion GB, Callahan SW, Hitchings GH, Rundles RW (July 1960). "The metabolism of 2-amino-6-[(1-methyl-4-nitro-5-imidazolyl)thio]purine (B.W. 57-323) in man". Cancer Chemotherapy Reports. 8: 47–52. PMID 13849699.

Calne RY (February 1960). "The rejection of renal homografts. Inhibition in dogs by 6-mercaptopurine". Lancet. 1 (7121): 417–418. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(60)90343-3. PMID 13807024.

Modry DL, Oyer PE, Jamieson SW, Stinson EB, Baldwin JC, Reitz BA, et al. (May 1985). "Cyclosporine in heart and heart-lung transplantation". Canadian Journal of Surgery. Journal Canadien de Chirurgie. 28 (3): 274–80, 282. PMID 3922606.

ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

dailymed.nlm.nih.gov

ntp.niehs.nih.gov

semanticscholar.org

api.semanticscholar.org

Abu-Shakra M, Shoenfeld Y (2001). "Azathioprine therapy for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus". Lupus. 10 (3): 152–153. doi:10.1191/096120301676669495. PMID 11315344. S2CID 71558242.

Richman DP, Agius MA (December 2003). "Treatment of autoimmune myasthenia gravis". Neurology. 61 (12): 1652–1661. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000098887.24618.a0. PMID 14694025. S2CID 24755812.

Azathioprine (English Wikipedia)

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