Azazel (English Wikipedia)

Analysis of information sources in references of the Wikipedia article "Azazel" in English language version.

Last modified: 16:51:03, 28 June 2026 (UTC)

Ref.Un. Ref.Website

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62jewishencyclopedia.com

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931^st place

44books.google.com

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42marquette.edu

8,736^th place

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21tyndalearchive.com

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11rabbisacks.org

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11web.archive.org

1^st place

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1,494^th place

11sacred-texts.com

1,277^th place

997^th place

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11livingwaterbooks.com.au

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2^nd place

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23^rd place

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11semanticscholar.org

15^th place

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archive.org (Global: 6^th place; English: 6^th place)

Gabelein, Frank E. (1990). The Expositor's Bible Commentary. Grand Rapids: Zondervan. pp. 590. ISBN 978-0310364405.

books.google.com (Global: 3^rd place; English: 3^rd place)

- Rutherford, Ian (2020). Hittite Texts and Greek Religion: Contact, Interaction, and Comparison. Oxford University Press. p. 130. ISBN 978-0-19-259995-7.
- - Johnston, Sarah Iles (2009). Ancient Religions. Harvard University Press. pp. 33–36. ISBN 978-0-674-03918-6.
  - Israel Drazin, Stanley M. Wagner, Onkelos on the Torah: Understanding the Bible Text Vol.3, p. PA122, at Google Books. Gefen, 2008. p. 122. ISBN 978-965-229-425-8.
  - David Pearson Wright, The Disposal of Impurity: Elimination Rites in the Bible and in Hittite and Mesopotamian literature at Google Books. Scholars Press, University of Michigan, 1987. ISBN 978-1-55540-056-9

doi.org (Global: 2^nd place; English: 2^nd place)

Caldwell, William (1913). "The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature". The Biblical World. 41 (2): 98–102. doi:10.1086/474708. JSTOR 3142425. S2CID 144698491.

jewishencyclopedia.com (Global: 1,262^nd place; English: 931^st place)

Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Azazel (Scapegoat, Lev. xvi., A. V.)". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.
"Azazel". Jewish Encyclopedia. JewishEncyclopedia.com. 1906.

jstor.org (Global: 23^rd place; English: 15^th place)

Caldwell, William (1913). "The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature". The Biblical World. 41 (2): 98–102. doi:10.1086/474708. JSTOR 3142425. S2CID 144698491.

livingwaterbooks.com.au (Global: low place; English: low place)

Gelbert, Carlos (2011). Ginza Rba. Sydney: Living Water Books. ISBN 9780958034630.

marquette.edu (Global: 8,736^th place; English: 4,761^st place)

"Andrei Orlov Azazel as the Celestial Scapegoat". www.marquette.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
Andrei Orlov (2009), "Azazel as the Celestial Scapegoat". An excerpt (pp. 79-111) from his contribution "The Eschatological Yom Kippur in the Apocalypse of Abraham: Part I: The Scapegoat Ritual" to A. Orlov and B. Lourié, eds., Symbola Caelestis. Le symbolisme liturgique et paraliturgique dans le monde Chrétien.

ort.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

bible.ort.org

For a delineation of the various Rabbinic opinions here, see R. Aryeh Kaplan's note Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine on "Azazel" (Lev 16:8).

rabbisacks.org (Global: low place; English: low place)

Sacks, Jonathan. "The Scapegoat", RabbiSacks.org. Accessed June 9, 2026. "In 1530 William Tyndale produced the first English translation of the Hebrew Bible, an act then illegal and for which he paid with his life. Seeking to translate Azazel into English, he called it 'the escapegoat,' i.e. the goat that was sent away and released. In the course of time, the first letter was dropped, and the word 'scapegoat' was born."

sacred-texts.com (Global: 1,277^th place; English: 997^th place)

Maimonides, Guide for the Perplexed 3:46, via Internet Sacred Text Archive

sefaria.org (Global: 2,827^th place; English: 1,494^th place)

Yoma 39

semanticscholar.org (Global: 15^th place; English: 8^th place)

api.semanticscholar.org

Caldwell, William (1913). "The Doctrine of Satan: II. Satan in Extra-Biblical Apocalyptical Literature". The Biblical World. 41 (2): 98–102. doi:10.1086/474708. JSTOR 3142425. S2CID 144698491.

tyndalearchive.com (Global: low place; English: low place)

"Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon by Friedrich Wilhelm Gesenius". www.tyndalearchive.com. Retrieved 2021-03-04.

web.archive.org (Global: 1^st place; English: 1^st place)

For a delineation of the various Rabbinic opinions here, see R. Aryeh Kaplan's note Archived 2012-06-12 at the Wayback Machine on "Azazel" (Lev 16:8).