Azerbaijan (English Wikipedia)

Nozadze, Natalia (8 October 2015). "Azerbaijan closes its doors". News. Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 17 June 2016. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
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apnews.com

"Fighting over Nagorno-Karabakh goes on despite US mediation". Associated Press. 24 October 2020. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
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archive.org

King, David C. (2006). Azerbaijan. Marshall Cavendish. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7614-2011-8.
Chamoux, François (2003). Hellenistic Civilization. John Wiley and Sons. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-631-22241-5.
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Raymond Duncan, Walter; Holman (Jr.), G. Paul (1994). Ethnic nationalism and regional conflict: the former Soviet Union and Yugoslavia. US: Westview Press. pp. 109–112. ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3.
Zürcher, Christoph (2007). The Post-Soviet Wars: Rebellion, Ethnic Conflict, and Nationhood in the Caucasus ([Online-Ausg.]. ed.). New York: New York University Press. p. 168. ISBN 978-0-8147-9709-9.
Kleveman, Lutz (2003). The new great game: blood and oil in Central Asia. Atlantic Monthly Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-87113-906-1. Retrieved 21 November 2010.

archive.today

"Azerbaijan: Early History: Iranian and Greek Influences". U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from the original on 12 December 2012. Retrieved 7 June 2006.
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arthistoryarchive.com

"Azerbaijani Artists". arthistoryarchive.com. Retrieved 11 October 2013.

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"Azerbaijan » Asian Mountain Outfitters". asianmountainoutfitters.com. Retrieved 4 April 2025.

ask.org.az

"The Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan" (PDF). President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Official Website of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 31 August 2020. I. The official language of the Republic of Azerbaijan is Azerbaijani Language. The Republic of Azerbaijan guarantees the development of Azerbaijani Language.

avesta.org

Darmesteter, James (2004). "Frawardin Yasht". Avesta Khorda Avesta: Book of Common Prayer (reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. p. 93. ISBN 978-1-4191-0852-5. Archived from the original on 29 September 2018. Retrieved 4 February 2007.

azadliq.org

"Azərbaycan Qarabağın turizm imkanlarını təbliğ edir". Azadlıq Radiosu (in Azerbaijani). 18 April 2007. Archived from the original on 21 September 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2019.

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Azerbaijan: Short History of Statehood Archived 18 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine, Embassy of Republic of Azerbaijan in Pakistan, 2005, Chapter 3.

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Mehdizade, Sevinj. "Azerbaijan's New Manats: Design and Transition to a New Currency". Azerbaijan International. Archived from the original on 16 December 2010. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
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"Education in Azerbaijan, The Challenges of Transition". Azerbaijan International. Archived from the original on 24 December 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
Khanlou, Pirouz (Winter 1994). "Baku's Architecture A Fusion of East and West". Azerbaijan International. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
"Cinema in Azerbaijan: Pre-Soviet Era". Azerbaijan International. Autumn 1997. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
Celebrating 100 Years in Film, not 80 by Aydin Kazimzade. Azerbaijan International, Autumn 1997
"World Chess Champion: Zeynab Mammadyarova". Azerbaijan International. Retrieved 30 June 2010.

azerbaijan.az

"Azerbaijan – Climate". Heydar Aliyev Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 January 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
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Waters, Zena. "What exactly is Novruz Bayram". Azerbaijan Today. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2009.

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azhydromet.com

"Climate". Water Resources of the Azerbaijan Republic. Institute of Hydrometeorology, Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 24 May 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.

azstat.org

"Geographical data". The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 25 May 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
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"Natural resources". The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Archived from the original on 10 June 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
"Industry" (PDF). Statistical Yearbook of Azerbaijan 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 February 2007. Retrieved 26 May 2007.
"The State Statistical Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan". 10 November 2013. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2025.

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"Azerbaijan is in TOP 10 of countries showing dynamic growth in Internet and mobile communications penetration". bakutel.az. 12 October 2012. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 15 April 2013.

bbc.co.uk

news.bbc.co.uk

"Timeline: Azerbaijan A chronology of key events". BBC News. 31 March 2011. Archived from the original on 9 April 2012. Retrieved 22 May 2011.
Mulvey, Stephen (14 October 2003). "Aliyev and son keep it in the family". BBC News. Archived from the original on 1 March 2004. Retrieved 14 October 2003.

bbc.co.uk

"Azerbaijan wins the Eurovision Song Contest". BBC News. 14 May 2011. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 14 May 2011.

bbc.com

Hope, Katie (19 July 2017). "Where's hot? This summer's most popular holiday spots". BBC. Archived from the original on 10 May 2019. Retrieved 20 June 2018.

blackseanews.net

Азербайджанский ученый изобрел метод оповещения о землетрясении (in Russian). BlackSea News. 28 March 2011. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2011.

books.google.com

Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1995). Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press. pp. 69, 133. ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3.
L. Batalden, Sandra (1997). The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-89774-940-4.
Atabaki, Touraj (4 September 2006). Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers. I.B.Tauris. p. 132. ISBN 978-1-86064-964-6.
Dekmejian, R. Hrair; Simonian, Hovann H. (2003). Troubled Waters: The Geopolitics of the Caspian Region. I.B. Tauris. p. 60. ISBN 978-1-86064-922-6. Until 1918, when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the Iranian province of Azerbaijan.
Atabaki, Touraj (2000). Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran. I.B.Tauris. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-86064-554-9.
Bournoutian, George A. (2016). The 1820 Russian Survey of the Khanate of Shirvan: A Primary Source on the Demography and Economy of an Iranian Province prior to its Annexation by Russia. Gibb Memorial Trust. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-909724-83-9. (...) the Baku and Elisavetpol guberniias, declared their independence (to 1920), and, despite Iranian protests, took the name of Azerbaijan (as noted, the same designation as the historical region in northwestern Iran) (...)
Comrie, Bernard (1981). The languages of the Soviet Union. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press. p. 162. ISBN 978-0-521-29877-3. OCLC 6627395.
Canby, Sheila R.; Beyazit, Deniz; Rugiadi, Martina; Peacock, A. C. S. (27 April 2016). Court and Cosmos: The Great Age of the Seljuqs. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-589-4.
Hewsen, Robert H.; Salvatico, Christoper C. (2001). Armenia: A Historical Atlas. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-33228-4.
Samuelian, Thomas J. (1982). Hewsen, Robert H. (1982). Thomas J. Samuelian, ed. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians". Classical Armenian Culture: Influences and Creativity. (Philadelphia: Scholars Press. p. 45.). Scholars Press. ISBN 978-0-89130-565-1.
Roy, Olivier (2007). The new Central Asia: geopolitics and the birth of nations (reprint ed.). I.B. Tauris. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-84511-552-4.
Malcolm Wagstaff, John (1985). The evolution of middle eastern landscapes: an outline to A.D. 1840, Part 1840. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-389-20577-7.
L. Altstadt, Audrey (1992). The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule. Hoover Press. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8179-9182-1.
Akiner, Shirin (2004). The Caspian: Politics, Energy and Security. RoutledgeCurzon. p. 158. ISBN 978-0-7007-0501-6.
Swietochowski, Tadeusz (1995). Russia and Azerbaijan: A Borderland in Transition. Columbia University Press. pp. 69, 133. ISBN 978-0-231-07068-3.
L. Batalden, Sandra (1997). The newly independent states of Eurasia: handbook of former Soviet republics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-89774-940-4.
Walker, Christopher J. (1980). Armenia, the survival of a nation. Croom Helm. p. 45. ISBN 978-0-7099-0210-2. Tsitsianov next moved against the semi-independent Iranian khanates. On the thinnest of pretexts, he captured the Muslim town of Gandja, the seat of Islamic learning in the Caucasus (...)
King, Charles (2008). The ghost of freedom: a history of the Caucasus. University of Michigan. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-19-517775-6.
Gabor Agoston, Bruce Alan Masters. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Infobase Publishing, 1 January 2009 ISBN 978-1-4381-1025-7 p. 125
Timothy C. Dowling (2014). Russia at War: From the Mongol Conquest to Afghanistan, Chechnya, and Beyond pp. 728–729 ABC-CLIO, ISBN 978-1-59884-948-6
L. Batalden, Sandra (1997). The Newly Independent States of Eurasia: Handbook of Former Soviet Republics. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-89774-940-4.
Ebel, Robert E.; Menon, Rajan (2000). Energy and conflict in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-7425-0063-1.
Andreeva, Elena (2010). Russia and Iran in the great game: travelogues and orientalism (reprint ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-415-78153-4.
Çiçek, Kemal; Kuran, Ercüment (2000). The Great Ottoman-Turkish Civilisation. University of Michigan. ISBN 978-975-6782-18-7.
Meyer, Karl E.; Brysac, Shareen Blair (17 March 2009). Tournament of Shadows: The Great Game and the Race for Empire in Central Asia. Basic Books. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-7867-3678-2.
Swietochowski, Tadeusz. Eastern Europe, Russia, and Central Asia 2003 Taylor and Francis, 2003. ISBN 978-1-85743-137-7 p. 104
Michael P., Croissant (1998). The Armenia-Azerbaijan Conflict: causes and implications. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. pp. 36, 37. ISBN 978-0-275-96241-8.
David C. King (2006). Azerbaijan. Marshall Cavendish. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7614-2011-8.
Whitaker's Shorts 2015: International. Bloomsbury. 2014. ISBN 9781472914842.
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Beale, Thomas William; Keene Henry George (1894). An Oriental Biographical Dictionary. W.H.Allen. p. 311. ISBN 9781404706484. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
Tyrrell, Maliheh S. (2001). Aesopian Literary Dimensions of Azerbaijani Literature of the Soviet Period, 1920–1990. Lexington Books. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-7391-0169-8.
Samuel, Geoffrey; Gregor, Hamish; Stutchbury, Elisabeth (1994). Tantra and Popular Religion in Tibet. International Academy of Indian Culture and Aditya Prakashan. p. 60. ISBN 978-81-85689-68-5.
The Azerbaijani Turks: power and identity under Russian rule. Audrey L. Altstadt. Hoover Institution Press. 1992. ISBN 978-0-8179-9182-1.

bp.com

"The Azerbaijan government and co-venturers sign amended and restated Azeri-Chirag-Deepwater Gunashli PSA | Press releases | Media | BP". bp.com. 14 September 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 21 September 2017.
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Rothholz, Peter (20 November 2015). "Jewish Life in Azerbaijan Embodies Muslim-Majority Nation's Culture of Tolerance". BreakingIsraelNews. Jewish News Syndicate. Archived from the original on 21 November 2015.

brill.com

Balci, Bayram; Goyushov, Altay (1 January 2011), "Azerbaijan", Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Volume 3, Brill, pp. 45–58, ISBN 978-90-04-20755-4, retrieved 23 June 2025

brillonline.nl

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McCallion, Chris (22 September 2022). "A small war in Central Asia is a big problem for Joe Biden's narrative about taking on Russia and China". Insider.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022.

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"Azerbaijan: Biodiversity". Central Asia and Transcaucasus Network on Plant Genetic Resources. 2003. Archived from the original on 8 February 2012. Retrieved 17 February 2017.
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"Catholic Church in Azerbaijan". Catholic-Hierarchy. Archived from the original on 29 April 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2007.

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CIA.gov Archived 13 June 2007 at the Wayback Machine, CIA World Factbook Telephones – main lines in use, Azerbaijan 1,397,000 main lines
CIA.gov Archived 4 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine, CIA World Factbook Internet users, Azerbaijan Internet users: 1,485,000.

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Caviglia, ClimeChart com-Michael. "Climate Country Overview for Azerbaijan | Weather Patterns and Climate Data". www.climechart.com. Retrieved 4 April 2025.

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edition.cnn.com

Glass, Nick (26 September 2012). "Flame Towers light up Baku's historic skyline". CNN. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014. Retrieved 14 April 2013.

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LaPorte, Jody (2016). "Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan". In Elgie, Robert; Moestrup, Sophia (eds.). Semi-Presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia. London: Palgrave Macmillan (published 15 May 2016). pp. 91–117. doi:10.1057/978-1-137-38781-3_4. ISBN 978-1-137-38780-6. LCCN 2016939393. OCLC 6039791976. LaPorte examines the dynamics of semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan's regime is a curious hybrid, in which semi-presidential institutions operate in the larger context of authoritarianism. The author compares formal Constitutional provisions with the practice of politics in the country, suggesting that formal and informal sources of authority come together to enhance the effective powers of the presidency. In addition to the considerable formal powers laid out in the Constitution, Azerbaijan's president also benefits from the support of the ruling party and informal family and patronage networks. LaPorte concludes by discussing the theoretical implications of this symbiosis between formal and informal institutions in Azerbaijan's semi-presidential regime.
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Gasimov, Zaur (2022). "Observing Iran from Baku: Iranian Studies in Soviet and Post-Soviet Azerbaijan". Iranian Studies. 55 (1): 38. doi:10.1080/00210862.2020.1865136. S2CID 233889871. The preoccupation with Iranian culture, literature, and language was widespread among Baku-, Ganja-, and Tiflis-based Shia as well as Sunni intellectuals, and it never ceased throughout the nineteenth century.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link)
Smith, Michael (April 2001). "Anatomy of Rumor: Murder Scandal, the Musavat Party and Narrative of the Russian Revolution in Baku, 1917–1920". Journal of Contemporary History. 36 (2): 228. doi:10.1177/002200940103600202. S2CID 159744435. The results of the March events were immediate and total for the Musavat. Several hundreds of its members were killed in the fighting; up to 12,000 Muslim civilians perished; thousands of others fled Baku in a mass exodus
Beck, Hylke E.; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; McVicar, Tim R.; Vergopolan, Noemi; Berg, Alexis; Wood, Eric F. (30 October 2018). "Present and future Köppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution" (PDF). Scientific Data. 5 180214. Bibcode:2018NatSD...580214B. doi:10.1038/sdata.2018.214. PMC 6207062. PMID 30375988. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022.
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Geybulla, Arzu (February 2023). "Uncensored journalism in censored times: Challenges of reporting on Azerbaijan". Journalism. 24 (2): 313–327. doi:10.1177/14648849211036872. ISSN 1464-8849. S2CID 238548904.
Rookwood, Joel (3 April 2022). "From sport-for-development to sports mega-events: conflict, authoritarian modernisation and statecraft in Azerbaijan". Sport in Society. 25 (4): 847–866. doi:10.1080/17430437.2021.2019710. S2CID 245453904.
Toepfl, Florian; Litvinenko, Anna (12 March 2021). "Critically Commenting Publics as Authoritarian Input Institutions: How Citizens Comment Beneath their News in Azerbaijan, Russia, and Turkmenistan". Journalism Studies. 22 (4): 475–495. doi:10.1080/1461670X.2021.1882877. S2CID 232081024. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
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Goyushov, Altay; Huseynli, Ilkin (2019). "Halted Democracy: Government Hijacking of the New Opposition in Azerbaijan". Politik und Gesellschaft im Kaukasus: Eine unruhige Region zwischen Tradition und Transformation (in German). Springer Fachmedien. pp. 27–51. doi:10.1007/978-3-658-26374-4_2. ISBN 978-3-658-26374-4. S2CID 211343684.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Curtis, Glenn E. (1995). Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia : country studies (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division. pp. 111–113. ISBN 978-0-8444-0848-4. OCLC 31709972. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 23 November 2020.
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