Some sources, including the Relación de Tula and the history of Motolinia, suggest that Atotoztli functioned as ruler of Tenochtitlan succeeding her father. Indeed no conquests are recorded for Motecuzoma in the last years of his reign, suggesting that he may have been incapable of ruling, or even dead (Diel 2005). Diel, Lori B. (2005). "Women and political power: The inclusion and exclusion of noblewomen in Aztec pictorial histories". RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics. 47 (1): 82–106. doi:10.1086/resv47n1ms20167660. S2CID157991841.
Batalla 2016. Batalla, Juan José (2016). "The Historical Sources: Codices and Chronicles". In Deborah L. Nichols; Enrique Rodríguez-Alegría (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs. Vol. 1. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341962.013.30.
Beekman & Christensen 2003. Beekman, C.S.; Christensen, A.F. (2003). "Controlling for doubt and uncertainty through multiple lines of evidence: A new look at the Mesoamerican Nahua migrations". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 10 (2): 111–164. doi:10.1023/a:1024519712257. S2CID141990835.
Isaac 2002. Isaac, B.L. (2002). "Cannibalism among Aztecs and Their Neighbors: Analysis of the 1577–1586" Relaciones Geográficas" for Nueva España and Nueva Galicia Provinces". Journal of Anthropological Research. 58 (2): 203–224. doi:10.1086/jar.58.2.3631036. S2CID163993224.
Hodge et al. 1993. Hodge, Mary G.; Neff, Hector; Blackman, M. James; Minc, Leah D. (1993). "Black-on-orange ceramic production in the Aztec empire's heartland". Latin American Antiquity. 4 (2): 130–157. doi:10.2307/971799. JSTOR971799. S2CID163893131.
Minc 2017. Minc, Leah D. (2017). "Pottery and the Potter's Craft in the Aztec Heartland". In Deborah L. Nichols; Enrique Rodríguez-Alegría (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Aztecs. Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199341962.013.13.
McCaa 1995. McCaa, Robert (1995). "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in Mexico". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 25 (3): 397–431. doi:10.2307/205693. JSTOR205693. S2CID145465056.
Kubler 1942. Kubler, George (1942). "Population Movements in Mexico, 1520–1600". Hispanic American Historical Review. 22 (4): 606–643. doi:10.2307/2506768. JSTOR2506768.
Ouweneel 1995. Ouweneel, A. (1995). "From tlahtocayotl to gobernadoryotl: a critical examination of indigenous rule in 18th-century central Mexico". American Ethnologist. 22 (4): 756–785. doi:10.1525/ae.1995.22.4.02a00060.
Hodge et al. 1993. Hodge, Mary G.; Neff, Hector; Blackman, M. James; Minc, Leah D. (1993). "Black-on-orange ceramic production in the Aztec empire's heartland". Latin American Antiquity. 4 (2): 130–157. doi:10.2307/971799. JSTOR971799. S2CID163893131.
Nicholson & Berger 1968. Nicholson, H.B.; Berger, Rainer (1968). "Two Aztec Wood Idols: Iconographic and Chronologic Analysis". Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology. 5 (5): 1–3, 5–28. JSTOR41263409.
McCaa 1995. McCaa, Robert (1995). "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in Mexico". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 25 (3): 397–431. doi:10.2307/205693. JSTOR205693. S2CID145465056.
Kubler 1942. Kubler, George (1942). "Population Movements in Mexico, 1520–1600". Hispanic American Historical Review. 22 (4): 606–643. doi:10.2307/2506768. JSTOR2506768.
Maffie n.d., sec 2b,2c, citing Hunt 1977 and I. Nicholson 1959; Leon-Portilla 1966, p. 387 cited by Barnett 2007, "M. Leon-Portilla argues that Ometeotl was neither strictly pantheistic nor strictly monistic." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Barnett, Ronald A. (1 November 2007). "Mesoamerican religious concepts: Part two". MexConnect. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Portilla, Miguel León; Portilla, Miguel León; Leon-Portilla, Miguel; Portilla, Miguel Léon (1983). Los antiguos mexicanos a través de sus crónicas y cantares (1a ed. en Lecturas mexicanas. ed.). México, D.F: Fondo de Cultura Económica. ISBN978-968-16-1528-4. OL2941366M.
Some sources, including the Relación de Tula and the history of Motolinia, suggest that Atotoztli functioned as ruler of Tenochtitlan succeeding her father. Indeed no conquests are recorded for Motecuzoma in the last years of his reign, suggesting that he may have been incapable of ruling, or even dead (Diel 2005). Diel, Lori B. (2005). "Women and political power: The inclusion and exclusion of noblewomen in Aztec pictorial histories". RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics. 47 (1): 82–106. doi:10.1086/resv47n1ms20167660. S2CID157991841.
Beekman & Christensen 2003. Beekman, C.S.; Christensen, A.F. (2003). "Controlling for doubt and uncertainty through multiple lines of evidence: A new look at the Mesoamerican Nahua migrations". Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory. 10 (2): 111–164. doi:10.1023/a:1024519712257. S2CID141990835.
Isaac 2002. Isaac, B.L. (2002). "Cannibalism among Aztecs and Their Neighbors: Analysis of the 1577–1586" Relaciones Geográficas" for Nueva España and Nueva Galicia Provinces". Journal of Anthropological Research. 58 (2): 203–224. doi:10.1086/jar.58.2.3631036. S2CID163993224.
Hodge et al. 1993. Hodge, Mary G.; Neff, Hector; Blackman, M. James; Minc, Leah D. (1993). "Black-on-orange ceramic production in the Aztec empire's heartland". Latin American Antiquity. 4 (2): 130–157. doi:10.2307/971799. JSTOR971799. S2CID163893131.
McCaa 1995. McCaa, Robert (1995). "Spanish and Nahuatl Views on Smallpox and Demographic Catastrophe in Mexico". Journal of Interdisciplinary History. 25 (3): 397–431. doi:10.2307/205693. JSTOR205693. S2CID145465056.
Maffie n.d., sec 2a: "Teotl continually generates and regenerates as well as permeates, encompasses, and shapes the cosmos as part of its endless process of self-generation-and–regeneration. That which humans commonly understand as nature – e.g. heavens, earth, rain, humans, trees, rocks, animals, etc. – is generated by teotl, from teotl as one aspect, facet, or moment of its endless process of self-generation-and-regeneration." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2b,2c, citing Hunt 1977 and I. Nicholson 1959; Leon-Portilla 1966, p. 387 cited by Barnett 2007, "M. Leon-Portilla argues that Ometeotl was neither strictly pantheistic nor strictly monistic." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Barnett, Ronald A. (1 November 2007). "Mesoamerican religious concepts: Part two". MexConnect. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2f: "Literally, 'Two God', also called in Tonan, in Tota, Huehueteotl, 'our Mother, our Father, the Old God'" Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec. 2f, citing Caso 1958; Leon-Portilla 1963, ch. II; H. B. Nicholson 1971, pp. 410–412; and I. Nicholson 1959, pp. 60–63. Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Leon-Portilla, Miguel (1963). Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Translated by Davis, Jack E. University of Oklahoma Press.
Sahagún 1577. Sahagún, Bernardino de (1577). Historia general de las cosas de nueva España [General History of the Things of New Spain (The Florentine Codex)] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020 – via World Digital Library.
"Náhuatl: AR-Z". Vocabulario.com.mx. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 30 August 2012.
"Aztec". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 7 July 2014.
Sahagún 1577. Sahagún, Bernardino de (1577). Historia general de las cosas de nueva España [General History of the Things of New Spain (The Florentine Codex)] (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2 December 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2020 – via World Digital Library.
Maffie n.d., sec 2a: "Teotl continually generates and regenerates as well as permeates, encompasses, and shapes the cosmos as part of its endless process of self-generation-and–regeneration. That which humans commonly understand as nature – e.g. heavens, earth, rain, humans, trees, rocks, animals, etc. – is generated by teotl, from teotl as one aspect, facet, or moment of its endless process of self-generation-and-regeneration." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2b,2c, citing Hunt 1977 and I. Nicholson 1959; Leon-Portilla 1966, p. 387 cited by Barnett 2007, "M. Leon-Portilla argues that Ometeotl was neither strictly pantheistic nor strictly monistic." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Barnett, Ronald A. (1 November 2007). "Mesoamerican religious concepts: Part two". MexConnect. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2f: "Literally, 'Two God', also called in Tonan, in Tota, Huehueteotl, 'our Mother, our Father, the Old God'" Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec. 2f, citing Caso 1958; Leon-Portilla 1963, ch. II; H. B. Nicholson 1971, pp. 410–412; and I. Nicholson 1959, pp. 60–63. Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Leon-Portilla, Miguel (1963). Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Translated by Davis, Jack E. University of Oklahoma Press.
Smith 1997, p. 4 writes "For many the term 'Aztec' refers strictly to the inhabitants of Tenochtitlan (the Mexica people), or perhaps the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico, the highland basin where the Mexica and certain other Aztec groups lived. I believe it makes more sense to expand the definition of "Aztec" to include the peoples of nearby highland valleys in addition to the inhabitants of the Valley of Mexico. In the final few centuries before the arrival of the Spaniards in 1519, the peoples of this wider area all spoke the Nahuatl language (the language of the Aztecs), and they all traced their origins to a mythical place called Aztlan (Aztlan is the etymon of "Aztec," a modern label that was not used by the Aztecs themselves)" Smith, Michael E. (1997). The Aztecs (first ed.). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN978-0-631-23015-1. OCLC48579073.
Chimalpahin 1997, p. 73. Chimalpahin, Domingo de San Antón Muñón (1997) [c. 1621]. Arthur J.O. Anderson; Susan Schroeder (eds.). Codex Chimalpahin, vol. 1: society and politics in Mexico Tenochtitlan, Tlatelolco, Texcoco, Culhuacan, and other Nahua altepetl in central Mexico; the Nahuatl and Spanish annals and accounts collected and recorded by don Domingo de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Quauhtlehuanitzin. Civilization of the American Indian series. Translated by Arthur J.O. Anderson; Susan Schroeder. Susan Schroeder (general editor), Wayne Ruwet (manuscript editor). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN978-0-8061-2921-1. OCLC36017075.
Maffie n.d., sec 2a: "Teotl continually generates and regenerates as well as permeates, encompasses, and shapes the cosmos as part of its endless process of self-generation-and–regeneration. That which humans commonly understand as nature – e.g. heavens, earth, rain, humans, trees, rocks, animals, etc. – is generated by teotl, from teotl as one aspect, facet, or moment of its endless process of self-generation-and-regeneration." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2b,2c, citing Hunt 1977 and I. Nicholson 1959; Leon-Portilla 1966, p. 387 cited by Barnett 2007, "M. Leon-Portilla argues that Ometeotl was neither strictly pantheistic nor strictly monistic." Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Barnett, Ronald A. (1 November 2007). "Mesoamerican religious concepts: Part two". MexConnect. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec 2f: "Literally, 'Two God', also called in Tonan, in Tota, Huehueteotl, 'our Mother, our Father, the Old God'" Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022.
Maffie n.d., sec. 2f, citing Caso 1958; Leon-Portilla 1963, ch. II; H. B. Nicholson 1971, pp. 410–412; and I. Nicholson 1959, pp. 60–63. Maffie, James (n.d.). "Aztec Philosophy". The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. ISSN2161-0002. Archived from the original on 12 January 2023. Retrieved 20 July 2022. Leon-Portilla, Miguel (1963). Aztec Thought and Culture: A Study of the Ancient Náhuatl Mind. Translated by Davis, Jack E. University of Oklahoma Press.